Natural gas and condensate are exposed to hydrates formation at high pressure and low temperature in the presence of traces of water. Hydrates formation results in blockage of pipelines and equipment leading to plant shutdown and production losses. This study intends to find a novel hydrate prevention process for high pressure refrigerated condensate (HPRC) lines. HPRC is utilised as lean oil for enhanced liquified petroleum gas recovery in absorption process. This research was conducted by performing fifteen tests in which various processed natural gas (PNG) samples were injected into different HPRC samples using Aspen HYSYS software. The results showed lowering of the hydrates formation temperature in the HPRC at constant pressure. By capitalizing on in-house resources and reducing dependence on traditional hydrate inhibitors, this innovative approach offers cost-effectiveness and readily available hydrate inhibitor for HPRC lines in gas processing facilities. Moreover, it has been found that PNG samples with a relatively higher percentage of methane are more effective in lowering the hydrate formation temperature when injected into the HPRC lines. This study will enable hydrates researchers in reducing hydrates management costs in HPRC lines and invite hydrates prevention research in all areas capitalizing on in-house resources and reducing external dependence.
Antimony trisulfide (Sb2Se3), a non-toxic and accessible substance, has possibilities as a material for use in solar cells. The current study numerically analyses Sb2Se3 solar cells through the program Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS). A detailed simulation and analysis of the influence of the Sb2Se3 layer's thickness, defect density, band gap, energy level, and carrier concentration on the devices' performance are carried out. The results indicate that a good device performance is guaranteed with the following values in the Sb2Se3 layer: an 800 optimal thickness for the Sb2Se3 absorber; less than 1015 cm-3 for the absorber defect density; a 1.2 eV optimum band gap; a 0.1 eV energy level (above the valence band); and a 1014 cm-3 carrier concentration. The highest efficiency of 30% can be attained following optimization of diverse parameters. The simulation outcomes offer beneficial insights and directions for designing and engineering Sb2Se3 solar cells.
