Partial differential equations modeling of bio-convective sutterby nanofluid flow through paraboloid surface.

In this research article, the behavior of 2D non-Newtonian Sutterby nanofluid flow over the parabolic surface is discussed. In boundary region of surface buoyancy-driven flow occurred due to considerable temperature differences produced by the reaction happen between Sutterby nanofluid and catalyst at the surface. Free convection which is sighted easily on the parabolic surface is initiated by reaction on the catalyst surface modeled the 1st order activation energy. Applications of parabolic surfaces are upper cover of bullet, car bonnet, and air crafts. Under discussion flow is modelled mathematically by implementing law of conservation of microorganism's concentration, momentum, mass and heat. The governing equations of the system is of the form of non-linear PDE's. By the use of similarity transform, the governing PDE`s transformed as non-dimensional ODE's. The resultant system of non-dimensional ODE's are numerically solved by built-in function MATLAB package named as 'bvp4c'. Graphical representation shows the influence of different parameters in the concentration, velocity, microorganisms and temperature profiles of the system. In temperature profile, we examined the impact of thermophoresis coefficient Nt (0.1, 0.5, 1.0), Prandtl number Pr (2.0, 3.0, 4.0), and Brownian motion variable Nb (0.1, 0.3, 0.5). Velocity profile depends on the non-dimensional parameters i.e. (Deborah number De & Hartmann number Ha) and found that these numbers (De, Ha) cause downfall in profile. Furthermore, mass transfer, skin friction, and heat transfer rates are numerically computed. The purpose of the study is to enumerate the significance of parabolic surfaces for the transport of heat and mass through the flow of bio-convective Sutterby nanofluid.

Effects of Inclusion of Different Doses of Persicaria odorata Leaf Meal (POLM) in Broiler Chicken Feed on Biochemical and Haematological Blood Indicators and Liver Histomorphological Changes.

This research was conducted to estimate the effects of Persicaria odorata leaf meal (POLM) on haematological indices, serum biochemical attributes, and internal organs parameters, including histomorphological features of the liver, in broiler chickens. A total of 120 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Cobb-500) were randomly allocated into four experimental groups. The dietary treatments were basal diet (BD), which served as the control (C), along with BD + 2 g/kg POLM (Po2), BD + 4 g/kg POLM (Po4), BD + 8 g/kg POLM (Po8), which were the supplemented groups. The body weight gain (BWG) showed a linear increase and feed conversion ratio (FCR) showed a linear decrease with increasing POLM dosage at day 42 (p ˂ 0.05) and for the overall growth performance period (p ˂ 0.01). On day 21 and day 42, the values of red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), haemoglobin (Hb), and packed cell volume (PCV) showed linear increases (p ˂0.05) as the dosage of POLM increased in the diet. On day 21, dietary supplementation of POLM linearly decreased (p ˂ 0.05) the serum activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), and serum levels of urea and creatinine. On the other hand, serum levels of total protein (TP), albumin, and globulin showed a linear increase (p ˂ 0.05) as the POLM dosage increased. On day 42, the serum activity of AST and ALT and serum levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, and creatinine showed linear decreases (p ˂ 0.05) with increased levels of POLM in the diet. However, POLM supplementation linearly increased (p ˂ 0.05) the serum levels of TP and globulin. Dietary inclusion of POLM did not influence the organ parameters and showed no adverse effects on the liver histomorphology. In conclusion, supplementation of POLM increased the growth performance, improving haematological indices and serum biochemistry profiles of broiler chickens without any deleterious effects on the liver histomorphology. The results of the present study provide evidence that POLM can be safely used at a dose rate of 8 g/kg of feed as an alternative to conventional antimicrobial growth promoters (AGPs).

Enhanced dissolution of valsartan-vanillin binary co-amorphous system loaded in mesoporous silica particles.

The study was aimed to prepare a co-amorphous system of valsartan (VAL) with vanillin (VAN) for improving its solubility and dissolution followed by its confinement in mesoporous silica particles (MSPs) to stabilise the co-amorphous system and prevent its recrystallization. Amorphous VAL and VAN were obtained through quench-cooling and VAL/VAN binary co-amorphous system (VAL/VAN-CAS) was prepared through solvent evaporation technique. The particle size and morphology of VAL/VAN-CAS-MSPs were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and solid-state characterisation was performed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD). The in vitro dissolution was investigated by dialysis bag diffusion method. SEM analysis revealed irregular shaped VAL/VAN-CAS-MSPs with a size range of 5-25 µm, while outcomes of DSC and XRPD confirmed the formation of VAL/VAN-CAS. The in vitro dissolution profiles demonstrated a significantly increased dissolution in first 60 minutes from VAL/VAN-CAS (∼68%) and VAL/VAN-CAS-MSPs (∼76%) compared to powder VAL (∼25%).

Using video-annotation software to identify interactions in group therapies for schizophrenia: assessing reliability and associations with outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Research has shown that interactions in group therapies for people with schizophrenia are associated with a reduction in negative symptoms. However, it is unclear which specific interactions in groups are linked with these improvements. The aims of this exploratory study were to i) develop and test the reliability of using video-annotation software to measure interactions in group therapies in schizophrenia and ii) explore the relationship between interactions in group therapies for schizophrenia with clinically relevant changes in negative symptoms. METHODS: Video-annotation software was used to annotate interactions from participants selected across nine video-recorded out-patient therapy groups (N = 81). Using the Individual Group Member Interpersonal Process Scale, interactions were coded from participants who demonstrated either a clinically significant improvement (N = 9) or no change (N = 8) in negative symptoms at the end of therapy. Interactions were measured from the first and last sessions of attendance (>25 h of therapy). Inter-rater reliability between two independent raters was measured. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to explore the association between the frequency of interactive behaviors and changes in negative symptoms, assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. RESULTS: Of the 1275 statements that were annotated using ELAN, 1191 (93%) had sufficient audio and visual quality to be coded using the Individual Group Member Interpersonal Process Scale. Rater-agreement was high across all interaction categories (>95% average agreement). A higher frequency of self-initiated statements measured in the first session was associated with improvements in negative symptoms. The frequency of questions and giving advice measured in the first session of attendance was associated with improvements in negative symptoms; although this was only a trend. CONCLUSION: Video-annotation software can be used to reliably identify interactive behaviors in groups for schizophrenia. The results suggest that proactive communicative gestures, as assessed by the video-analysis, predict outcomes. Future research should use this novel method in larger and clinically different samples to explore which aspects of therapy facilitate such proactive communication early on in therapy.