Evaluating the effectiveness of Moringa oleifera leaf capsules in controlling glycemic and hypertension levels in type 2 diabetes patients.

Moringa oleifera (MO) phytochemicals and therapeutic properties improve hyperglycemia and treat type 2 diabetes. Thus, this study examined the effects of MO leaf capsules on blood glucose management in type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension and their safety. A prospective placebo-controlled experiment randomly assigned 24 patients to receive 3g and 6g of MO leaf capsules twice a day or a placebo for three months. Pre- and post-study lab and clinical outcomes were assessed. The placebo control group and 3g MO leaf showed a minor change, whereas 6g and control placebo showed a considerable drop in examined features. MO usage was safe. In T2DM patients, MO leaves lowered blood pressure, requiring further study. MO leaves may help T2DM patients manage blood pressure and blood sugar, according to the study. MO's therapeutic components need more research.

Molecular and genetic perspectives of cold tolerance in wheat.

Environmental variation is the most crucial problem as it is causing food insecurity and negatively impacts food availability, utilization, assessment, and stability. Wheat is the largest and extensively cultivated staple food crop for fulfilling global food requirements. Abiotic stresses including salinity, heavy metal toxicity, drought, extreme temperatures, and oxidative stresses being the primary cause of productivity loss are a serious threat to agronomy. Cold stress is a foremost ecological constraint that is extremely influencing plant development, and yield. It is extremely hampering the propagative development of plant life. The structure and function of plant cells depend on the cell's immune system. The stresses due to cold, affect fluid in the plasma membrane and change it into crystals or a solid gel phase. Plants being sessile in nature have evolved progressive systems that permit them to acclimatize the cold stress at the physiological as well as molecular levels. The phenomenon of acclimatisation of plants to cold stress has been investigated for the last 10 years. Studying cold tolerance is critical for extending the adaptability zones of perennial grasses. In the present review, we have elaborated the current improvement of cold tolerance in plants from molecular and physiological viewpoints, such as hormones, the role of the posttranscriptional gene, micro RNAs, ICE-CBF-COR signaling route in cold acclimatization and how they are stimulating the expression of underlying genes encoding osmoregulatory elements and strategies to improve cold tolerance in wheat.

Effect of glucose and olive oil as potential carbon sources on production of PHAs copolymer and tercopolymer by Bacillus cereus FA11.

In this study, the influence of different physicochemical parameters on the yield of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) produced by Bacillus cereus FA11 is investigated. The physicochemical factors include pH, temperature, time, inoculum size and its age, agitation speed and composition of the glucose rich peptone deficient (GRPD) medium. During two-stage fermentation, B. cereus FA11 produced a significantly high (p < 0.05) yield (80.59% w/w) of PHAs copolymer using GRPD medium containing glucose (15 g/L) and peptone (2 g/L) at pH 7, 30 °C and 150 rpm after 48 h of incubation. On the other hand, the presence of olive oil (1% v/v) and peptone (2 g/L) in the GRPD medium resulted in biosynthesis of tercopolymer during two-stage fermentation and the yield of tercopolymer was 60.31% (w/w). The purified PHAs was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and proton resonance magnetic analysis. Proton resonance magnetic analysis confirmed that the tercopolymer was comprised of three different monomeric subunits, i.e., 3-hydroxybutyrate, 3-hydroxyvalerate and 6-hydroxyhexanoate.