Client satisfaction and contributing factors towards sexual and reproductive health services delivery system among youth at Family Guidance Association of north Ethiopia (FGAE) clinics, 2023: mixed method study.

BACKGROUND: The Family Guidance Association of Ethiopia (FGAE) operates as a non-governmental organization dedicated to offering family planning and reproductive health services to the Ethiopian population. The gap in the study regarding client satisfaction and contributing factors towards sexual and reproductive health services for youth at FGAE clinics highlights the need for a comprehensive investigation to fill this void. By conducting a mixed-method study, this research aims to provide a holistic understanding of the factors influencing client satisfaction in the delivery of sexual and reproductive health services to youth at FGAE clinics. The added value of this study lies in its potential to offer valuable insights and recommendations for improving service delivery systems and enhancing client satisfaction levels, ultimately contributing to the overall well-being and health outcomes of youth in North Ethiopia. Therefore study aimed to asses Client Satisfaction and Contributing Factors towards in sexual and reproductive health services delivery system among youth at Family Guidance Association of North Ethiopia (FGAE) Clinics, 2023. METHOD: The study was conducted within the clinics of the Family Guidance Association of Ethiopia (FGAE), spanning Dessie, Kombolcha, and Woldia city administrations, involving a participant cohort of 416 clients. Facility-based concurrent type mixed method study design both quantitative and qualitative techniques were applied. Quantitative research employed a simple random sampling technique and conversely, the qualitative study utilized a heterogeneous type of purposive sampling strategy to recruit participants The collected data underwent a rigorous process of entry, cleaning, and coding using Epi-Data 4.6 software, followed by analysis in STATA V17. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were employed to highlight the impact of independent variables on the dependent variable. A more comprehensive examination was provided through multivariable logistic regression. Crude and adjusted odds ratios, along with a 95% confidence interval, were computed, with significance set at a p-value ≤ 0.05. RESULT: Nearly more than half of the clients 194 (47.8%) came to receive family planning services followed by maternal and child health 107 (26.4%). Sixty patients (14.8%) didn't receive all the services they wanted or came for. Half of the participants 30 (50%) raised the unavailability of the service as a reason for not taking the service followed by not having enough time in the clinic 12 (20%). About 65.52% (60.74-70.00%) of the participants were satisfied with the Sexual and Reproductive Health services provided by the clinics of FGAE in northeast Ethiopia. Clients in the age group of 25-34 (AOR = 2.04; 95%CI: 1.11-3.72). Clients who had primary and secondary education (AOR = 2.49; 95%CI: 1.03-6.02) and (AOR = 3.05; 95%CI: 1.25-7.49) respectively. Clients who responded that physicians show respect (AOR = 5.59; 95%CI: 1.89-16.49). clients who received an explanation about the side effects of the utilized methods and follow-up dates (AOR = 4.59;95%CI:1.68-12.53) and (AOR = 2.89;95%CI:1.53-5.49) respectively. CONCLUSION: The proportion of client satisfaction with Client Satisfaction in the Services delivery system at Family Guidance Association of Ethiopia (FGAE) Clinics was low as compared to the previous study. Age group 25-34 years, primary and secondary education, showing respect, explaining side-effects and follow-up visits were significant associated factors of client service satisfaction. Enhancing service delivery at Family Guidance Association of Ethiopia (FGAE) Clinics by targeting specific areas identified in the study. Strategies should focus on improving communication regarding side effects, ensuring respectful interactions, and prioritizing follow-up visits, particularly for clients aged 25-34 with primary and secondary education backgrounds.

Virological Suppression and its Predictors Among HIV/AIDS Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in Ethiopia: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Achieving viral load suppression is crucial for the prevention of complications and deaths related to HIV infection. Ethiopia has embraced the worldwide 95-95-95 target, but there is no national representative information regarding virological suppression. Therefore, this review aims to determine the pooled virological suppression rate and identify the pooled effect of contributing factors of viral suppression for HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia. Methods: We systematically searched websites and databases, including online repositories, to obtain primary studies. Two reviewers assessed the quality of the included articles using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale appraisal checklist. Publication bias was checked using Egger's regression test, the heterogeneity of the studies was assessed using I2 statistics and Q statistics, and a sensitivity analysis was performed to identify any outlier results in the included studies. The Der Simonian Laird random-effects model was used to estimate the overall proportion of viral suppression, and STATA 17 statistical software was used for all types of analysis. Results: A total of 21 eligible articles primarily conducted in Ethiopia using HIV program data were used for this quantitative synthesis. The overall pooled virological suppression rate was 71% (95% CI, 64%-77%). The pooled effects of poor adherence to ART (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.33; 95% CI, 0.28-0.40), body mass index (18.5-24.9 kg/m2; AOR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.37-2.36), disclosure (AOR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.05-1.89), absence of opportunistic infection (AOR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.43-1.97), and high baseline viral load count (AOR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.52-0.81) were identified as significant predictors of viral suppression. Conclusions: The overall pooled percentage of virological suppression was low compared with the global target of viral suppression and the Ethiopian Public Health Institute report. Poor adherence, normal body mass index, disclosure, absence of opportunistic infection, and high baseline viral load count were factors contributing to viral suppression in Ethiopia. Responsible stakeholders should maximize their efforts to achieve the global target of virological suppression by addressing significant predictors.

Prevalence and associated factors of depression among breast cancer patients in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Even though breast cancer incidence is lower in Sub-Saharan Africa, its mortality is higher in these countries. However, the impact does not end with diagnosis and treatment; rather many patients struggle with depression which is very common among these patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis helps to provide valuable insights into the overall prevalence of depression and associated factors among breast cancer patients in Sub-Saharan Africa. Method: We searched several databases, including MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Hinary, CINHAL and Google Scholar to retrieve relevant literatures from inception up to 15 June 2023. All observational studies, published in English at any time were included, while, letters to editor, review articles, commentaries, interventional and qualitative studies, and, abstracts presented in conferences or seminars were excluded. The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis have been written based on the PRISMA 2020 checklist and the protocol have been registered in PROSPERO database (CRD42023428910). Result: We have included nine articles with 2226 study participants. The result showed that, the pooled prevalence of depression among breast cancer patients in Sub-Saharan Africa was 45.6% (95% CI: 30%-61%) with significant heterogeneity I2 = 98.9%, (Cochrane) Q < 0.0001. There was no single study effect and publication bias but substantial heterogeneity was observed. In addition, there has been a publication bias with eggers test (p < 0.0033). However, there were no studies imputed after trim and fill analysis. From the factors, breast cancer patients who had poor financial support were 1.47 (95% CI: 1.02-2.13) times more at risk of developing depression than their counterparts. Conclusion: The prevalence of depression among breast cancer patients in Sub-Saharan Africa countries were higher than other regions. Thus, Emphasis should be given on developing financial assistance programs designed to cover the medical costs and improving the health care infrastructure.

Birth preparedness, complication readiness, and associated factors among pregnant women in South Wollo Zone, Northeast Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: Birth preparedness and complication readiness is a preparation strategy for normal birth and potential emergency situations, and is important for the safety and health of mothers and newborns during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of birth preparedness and complication readiness and the associated factors among pregnant women. STUDY DESIGN: This was a community-based, cross-sectional study conducted among randomly selected 480 pregnant women from February to April of 2020. Bivariable logistic regression was performed to assess the association of each independent variable with the dependent variable. All variables with a P value of <.2 were entered into a multivariable logistic regression model to identify associated factors. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were estimated to measure the strength of the association. RESULTS: Out of the 498 sampled pregnant women, 480 (96.4%) agreed to participate in the study; 104 were found to have satisfactory birth preparedness and complication readiness (21.7%; 95% confidence interval, 18.3-25.7). Having had an experience of obstetrical complications (adjusted odds ratio, 1.83; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-3.14), early starting time for antenatal care visits (adjusted odds ratio, 5.22; 95% confidence interval, 2.26-12.06), advice about birth preparedness (adjusted odds ratio, 2.99; 95% confidence interval, 1.21-7.39), and awareness about obstetrical danger signs during childbirth and the postpartum period (adjusted odds ratio, 2.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.33-3.74) were found to be significantly associated with birth preparedness and complication readiness. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of birth preparedness and complication readiness was low. Experience of obstetrical complications, starting time for antenatal care visits, advice about birth preparedness and complication readiness, and awareness of key danger signs during childbirth and the postpartum period were significantly associated with birth preparedness and complication readiness.

Knowledge, Practice, and Factors Affecting Sunlight Exposure of Infants Among Mothers at Governmental Health Facilities in Dessie Town, Ethiopia, 2021.

Background: Human being needs sunlight for physical and mental well-being. Sunlight helps the body to produce vitamin D, an important vitamin for skeletal development, immune function, and blood cell formation. So, the community should be counseled to get sufficient sun exposure and vitamin D supplementation to uphold the serum 25 (OH) D levels. This study designed to assess the mothers' knowledge, practice, and factors affecting the sunlight exposure of their infants. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted at governmental health facilities in Dessie Town, 2021. A total of 398 mothers were interviewed using semi structured questionnaires. Data were entered into the EPI data version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS 23. Binary and multivariate logistic regression analyses were also performed. In multivariate analysis, a significant association was considered at P-value of <.05. Results: Response rate was 98.9%. About 76.6% and 58.9% of the mothers had poor knowledge and poor practice regarding sunlight exposure of infants respectively. Mothers' occupation (aOR = 0.124, 95% CI = 0.042, 0.365), mothers' source of information (aOR = 18.604, 95% CI = 7.564, 45.75), and attitude (aOR = 2.773, 95% CI = 1.474, 5.215) had showed a significant association with mothers' knowledge. On the other hand, mothers' age (aOR = 3.191, 95% CI = 1.334, 7.633), mothers occupation (aOR = 4.226, 95% CI = 2.321, 7.694), and baby age (aOR = 1.989, 95% CI = 1.260, 3.140) had a significant association with their practice about sunlight exposure of infants. Conclusion: Mothers' knowledge and practice of sunlight exposure of infants are poor in Dessie Town. Hence measures should be taken to increase and improve mothers' responsiveness of sunlight exposure of infants.

The efficacy of theory of planned behavior to predict breast self-examination among women: systematic review and meta-Analysis.

Background: Even though a few studies have been conducted, the result is inconsistent between studies. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is a widely used framework for predicting and understanding health behaviors. In the study area, the theory of planned behavior ability to predict breast self-examination among women was not done before. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the efficacy of the Theory of Planned Behavior to predict breast self-examination among women. Methods: This study used a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies conducted from 2008 to 2018 globally. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. PubMed, Semantic Scholar, Hinari, and Google Scholar electronic databases were searched. The analysis was performed using STATA 17 software. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed using forest plots, I2, Cochran's Q statistics, Funnel plots, and the Egger test respectively. Pooled analysis was conducted using the random-effects model of the DerSimonian-Laird method. Results: A total of 5 articles were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The overall Pooled Proportion of variance of the Theory of Planned Behavior ability to predict breast self-examination among women was explained at 38% (95%CI: 26.9, 49.1). Conclusions: The overall Pooled Proportion of variance explained by the Theory of Planned Behavior ability to predict breast self-examination among women was low as compared to the original assumption of variance explained. While the Theory of Planned Behavior provides a useful framework for understanding health behaviors, it may not fully capture all the complex factors contributing to breast self-examination. Additionally, future studies should consider using alternative measures of variance explained to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the predictive power of the theory of planned behavior.

Gender-based violence and associated factors among private college female students in Dessie City, Ethiopia: mixed method study.

INTRODUCTION: Violence against girls and young women, mostly those in educational settings, has been gaining increasing attention. School-based gender-based violence represents a serious obstacle. As a result, it would be a threat to the achievement of the sustainable development goals, strive for gender equality in all our programs, right from the planning stages, to make sure we are as equitable as possible. Little was studied to explore reasons, opinions, and perceptions towards gender-based violence. Also, studies that are conducted on private college female students are limited. Important evidence about underlining reasons for gender-based violence against private college students will be explored. Therefore, to assess the prevalence of gender-based violence and associated factors among Private college female students in Dessie City, Ethiopia, 2021. METHODS: A facility-based mixed method concurrent triangulation study design was conducted among 435 randomly selected Private college female students in Dessie City. Self-administered questionnaire and an in-depth interview were used to collect the data. The collected data were cleaned and entered into Epi data and analyzed using a statistical package for social science. Descriptive statistics were conducted and the results were reported using frequency, and percentile. Binary logistic regression was performed to identify associated factors. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals and p values < 0.05 were used to explain statistically significant associations. Qualitative data were transcribed, translated, and analyzed manually using thematic analysis. RESULTS: The study showed the prevalence of gender-based violence was 251 (62.6%) (CI 0.512-0.683) Private college female students in Dessie city Administration. age less than 20 years and 20-24 years, [AOR = 0.19, 95% CI (0.03-0.92)] and [AOR = 0.106, 95% CI (0.02-0.44)], tight family control, [AOR = 6.14, 95% CI (1.38-7.1)], family discussion on RH and related personal issue [AOR = 0.091, 95% CI (0.03-0.27)], Witnessed father abuse mother at childhood; [AOR = 4.04, 95% CI (1.36-12.1)], had drunkenness female or boyfriend; [AOR = 5.12, 95% CI (1.58-16.5)] had significant association with gender-based violence. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the high prevalence of gender-based violence among Private college female students is higher as compared to others. This is because the life of young girls is being abandoned as a result of gender-based violence, such as dropout from their education, unwanted pregnancy, abortion, sexually transmitted infections, and psychological disturbance, which decreases the productivity of girls. This is totally against the strategy and consensus of universal education for women and girls and adolescent health stated in the sustainable development goal.

Receiving abortion services at nongovernmental health facilities as a significant variable for postabortion family planning utilization: a comparative cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Postabortion family planning is a major primary prevention strategy for unwanted pregnancies at which contraceptive use reduces approximately 230 million births every year worldwide. However, evidence that assesses postabortion family planning utilization and associated factors among women who received abortion services at governmental and nongovernmental health facilities is limited. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the rates of postabortion family planning utilization and associated factors among women who received abortion services at governmental and nongovernmental health facilities. STUDY DESIGN: A comparative cross-sectional study design was employed among 324 women who received abortion services. A systematic sampling technique was used to select the study participants, and data were collected by face-to-face interview using a structured questionnaire. Data were cross-checked, coded, and entered into EpiData (version 3.1; The EpiData Association, Odense, Denmark) and exported to Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 25; IBM Corp, Armonk, NY) for analysis. Descriptive statistics, such as frequency, proportion, and mean with standard deviation, were computed. The association between independent variables and postabortion family planning utilization was made using a binary logistic regression model. Adjusted odds ratio with its 95% confidence interval was used as a measure of association, and variables with a P value of ≤.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: The rate of postabortion family planning utilization among women who received abortion services was 71.91% (95% confidence interval, 66.74-76.56). The rates of postabortion family planning utilization at governmental and nongovernmental health facilities were 55.6% (95% confidence interval, 47.75-63.10) and 88.27% (95% confidence interval, 82.27-92.43) respectively. Being counseled about contraceptive use (adjusted odds ratio, 33.130; 95% confidence interval, 6.089-180.243), not needing near-future pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio, 3.350; 95% confidence interval, 1.541-7.282), and receiving abortion service at nongovernmental health facilities (adjusted odds ratio, 4.732; 95% confidence interval, 1.900-11.787) were significantly associated with postabortion family planning utilization. CONCLUSION: The rate of postabortion family planning utilization was lower among women who received abortion services at governmental health facilities than among women who received abortion services at nongovernmental health facilities. Counseling about contraceptive use, need for near-future pregnancy, and type of health facility were significantly associated with postabortion family planning utilization. Therefore, efforts are needed to promote and strengthen the counseling of contraceptive use and birth spacing of women who are receiving abortion services.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice towards COVID-19 among Mothers in Dessie Town, Northeast Ethiopia, 2020.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious disease causing a catastrophic effect, and many of us are worried to find a new normal. Many burdens are occurring in households, predominantly to women and mothers. Women worldwide are naive on COVID-19 symptoms, transmission, and prevention measures and worried on being exposed to coronavirus. The study aimed to assess the mother's knowledge, attitude, and practice towards COVID-19. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from July 22 to August 7, 2020, in Dessie town, Ethiopia. A total of 634 mothers were included in the study. Multistage cluster sampling was used to take the proper sample. An interviewer-administered pretested structured questionnaire was used. Data were entered into EpiData, version 3.1, and analyzed by using SPSS, version 23. Both binary and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to find factors associated with dependent variables. The mean score was used to grade the knowledge, attitude, and practice towards COVID-19. Result: A total of 610 mothers participated in this study, making that a 96.2% response rate. More than half of the respondents 319 (50.3%) were in the age of 28-38 years. About 438 (71.8%) attended grades 1-12. About 531 (87.5%) were married, and most respondents 399 (65.4%) were housewives. The mean scores of knowledge, attitude, and practice were 15.36 (SD = 3.059), 6.4 (1.779), and 7.38 (3.068), respectively. Moreover, about 442 (72.5%), 354 (58%), and 338 (55.4%) of the respondents had good knowledge, a favorable attitude, and good practice on COVID-19, respectively. Conclusion: Almost three-fourths of the mothers had good knowledge of COVID-19. However, more than two-fifths of the participants had an unfavorable attitude and poor practice on COVID-19 preventive measures, which may put a high risk of infection that could worsen maternal morbidity and mortality during this pandemic. Therefore, health education programs for mobilizing and improving COVID-19-related knowledge, attitude, and practice are urgently needed, especially for those mothers who have low access to information due to home duty.

Maternity continuum of care and its determinants among mothers who gave birth in Legambo district, South Wollo, northeast Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: Maternity continuum of care is the continuity of maternity health care services that a woman uses for antenatal care, skill birth attendant, and postnatal care. Maternal and child mortality is still big challenge in Ethiopia. Little is known about continuum of maternity care in Ethiopia and where the study area in the district revealed that there is a big discrepancy in the completion of maternity care. OBJECTIVE: Assessment of maternity continuum of care and associated factors among mothers who gave birth in Legambo district, South, Wollo, and northeast Ethiopia. METHOD: A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 732 mothers from Feb-Mar 2020. Multistage sampling was used and data were collected through face-to-face interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire. Completed data were entered using Epi-Data version 3.1, cleaned, and analyzed using SPSS version 25 Statistical Software. Descriptive statistics using Frequency, proportion, summary measures were done. Binary logistic regressions were and model fitness was checked by Hosmer and Lemeshow test which was not significant. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted and P value less than .05 and adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was considered as statistically significant. RESULT: The prevalence of maternity continuum of care among mother was found 11.2% (95%, CI: 9.0-13.8). Residence (AOR:1.837, CI:1.026-3.288), planned pregnancy (AOR: 2.448, CI:1.361-4.403), prepregnancy contraceptive utilization (AOR: 2.721, CI:1.469-5.042), follow mass media (AOR: 2.33, CI:1.146-4.736) and mother health care decision making autonomy (AOR: 3.712, CI:1.924-7.161) were determinant factors to continuum of maternity care. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of maternity continuum of care in the district was low. Information education and counseling about continuum of care are still crucial. Awareness creation for both clients and care provider will improve the service. Efforts on improving and cultivating those significant factors should be done by stakeholders.