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Mol Biol Rep ; 51(1): 665, 2024 May 22.
Article En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38777940

BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) associated with COVID-19 has not been well documented. This cross-sectional study evaluated the association between nasal S. aureus carriage and COVID-19. METHODS AND RESULTS: Nasopharyngeal samples were collected from 391 participants presenting for COVID-19 test in Lagos, Nigeria, and S. aureus was isolated from the samples. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was done by disc diffusion method. All S. aureus isolates were screened for the presence of mecA, panton-valentine leucocidin (PVL) and toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST) virulence genes by polymerase chain reaction. Staphylococcal protein A (spa) typing was conducted for all the isolates. Participants with COVID-19 had double the prevalence of S. aureus (42.86%) compared to those who tested negative (20.54%). A significant association was seen between S. aureus nasal carriage and COVID-19 (p = 0.004). Antimicrobial sensitivity results showed resistance to oxacillin (100%), cefoxitin (53%), and vancomycin (98.7%). However, only 41% of the isolates harbored the mecA gene, with SCCmecV being the most common SCCmec type. There was no association between the carriage of virulence genes and COVID-19. A total of 23 Spa types were detected, with t13249 and t095 being the two most common spa types. CONCLUSION: This study examined the association between nasal S. aureus carriage and SARS-COV-2 infection. Further research is required to fully explore the implications of S. aureus co-infection with COVID-19.


COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Staphylococcal Infections , Staphylococcus aureus , Humans , COVID-19/microbiology , COVID-19/epidemiology , COVID-19/virology , Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology , Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Male , Female , Staphylococcus aureus/genetics , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Staphylococcus aureus/pathogenicity , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Adult , SARS-CoV-2/genetics , SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification , Middle Aged , Bacterial Toxins/genetics , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/genetics , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/pathogenicity , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Comorbidity , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Virulence/genetics , Nigeria/epidemiology , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/genetics , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Carrier State/epidemiology , Carrier State/microbiology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Penicillin-Binding Proteins/genetics , Leukocidins/genetics , Exotoxins/genetics , Virulence Factors/genetics , Young Adult
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