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Contemporary discussion of the baroreflex includes the efferent vascular-sympathetic and cardiovagal arms. Since sympathetic postganglionic neurons also innervate the left ventricle (LV), it is often assumed that the LV produces a sympathetically mediated increase in contractility during baroreceptor unloading, but this has not been characterized using a load-independent index of contractility. We aimed to determine 1) whether LV contractility increases in response to baroreceptor unloading and 2) whether such increases are mediated via the sympathetic or parasympathetic arm of the autonomic nervous system. Ten male Wistar rats were anesthetized (urethane) and instrumented with arterial and LV pressure-volume catheters to measure mean arterial pressure (MAP) and load-independent LV contractility [maximal rate of increase in pressure adjusted to end-diastolic volume (PAdP/dtmax)], respectively. Rats were placed in a servo-controlled lower-body negative pressure (LBNP) chamber to reduce MAP by 10% for 60 s to mechanically unload baroreceptors under control conditions. LBNP was repeated in each animal following infusions of cardiac autonomic blockers using esmolol (sympathetic), atropine (parasympathetic), and esmolol + atropine. Under control conditions, PAdP/dtmax increased during baroreceptor unloading (26 ± 6 vs. 31 ± 9 mmHg·s-1·µL-1, P = 0.031). During esmolol, there was no increase in LV contractility during baroreceptor unloading (11 ± 2 vs. 12 ± 2, P = 0.125); however, during atropine, there was an increase in LV contractility during baroreceptor unloading (26 ± 6 vs. 31 ± 9, P = 0.019). During combined esmolol and atropine, there was a small increase in contractility versus control (13 ± 3 vs. 15 ± 4, P = 0.046). Our results demonstrate that, in anesthetized rats, LV contractility increases in response to baroreceptor unloading, which is largely sympathetically mediated.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study empirically demonstrates a sympathetically mediated increase in LV contractility in response to baroreceptor unloading using a load-independent index of cardiac contractility in the anesthetized rat.
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Barorreflejo , Ventrículos Cardíacos , Contracción Miocárdica , Presorreceptores , Ratas Wistar , Sistema Nervioso Simpático , Función Ventricular Izquierda , Animales , Masculino , Contracción Miocárdica/fisiología , Contracción Miocárdica/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Presorreceptores/fisiología , Presorreceptores/efectos de los fármacos , Barorreflejo/fisiología , Barorreflejo/efectos de los fármacos , Sistema Nervioso Simpático/fisiología , Sistema Nervioso Simpático/efectos de los fármacos , Ventrículos Cardíacos/efectos de los fármacos , Función Ventricular Izquierda/fisiología , Función Ventricular Izquierda/efectos de los fármacos , Presión Sanguínea/fisiología , Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Presión Arterial/fisiología , Presión Arterial/efectos de los fármacos , Atropina/farmacología , Anestesia , PropanolaminasRESUMEN
Periodontitis gradually damages the hard and soft tissues surrounding the tooth, leading to tooth loss. In recent years, the use of biomaterials in periodontitis treatment has expanded, including gels, nanoparticles, microparticles, fibers, and membranes. Among these, membranes have more clinical applications. Due to the ability of the piezoelectric material to regenerate damaged tissues, the aim of this study was to create piezoelectric composite membranes. To achieve this, Barium titanate powder (BaTiO3 powder)-a piezoelectric substance-was synthesized using the hydrothermal method and analyzed with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Four types of membranes were fabricated using solvent casting method: three composite membranes with chitosan matrix and BaTiO3 fillers (at 3%, 6%, and 9% weight), and one chitosan membrane without BaTiO3. The microstructure of the membrane surfaces, agglomeration of BaTiO3 in membranes, and hydrophilicity, antibacterial, and electrical properties of the membrane were also investigated. The results indicated that membranes containing 3 and 6% BaTiO3 had suitable surface structure for the periodontitis treatment. Agglomeration of BaTiO3 particles was higher in the membrane containing 9% BaTiO3. The large amount of BaTiO3 improved the antibacterial properties of the membranes. Additionally, the membranes containing BaTiO3 had high electrical properties, especially those with 3% and 6% BaTiO3. Therefore, composite membranes containing BaTiO3, especially membranes containing 6% BaTiO3, are more favorable options than those without BaTiO3 for periodontitis treatment.
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Quitosano , Periodontitis , Humanos , Polvos , Periodontitis/terapia , Materiales Biocompatibles , Antibacterianos/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Wearing a facemask affects physiological responses to exercise. We explored how exercising with a facemask affects the expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 [ACE2]) and some associated genes (angiotensin type-1 receptors [AT
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COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Masculino , Femenino , Humanos , Adulto Joven , Adulto , Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina 2/genética , Máscaras , Ejercicio FísicoRESUMEN
The assessment of left ventricular (LV) contractility in animal models is useful in various experimental paradigms, yet obtaining such measures is inherently challenging and surgically invasive. In a cross-species study using small and large animals, we comprehensively tested the agreement and validity of multiple single-beat surrogate metrics of LV contractility against the field-standard metrics derived from inferior vena cava occlusion (IVCO). Fifty-six rats, 27 minipigs and 11 conscious dogs underwent LV and arterial catheterization and were assessed for a range of single-beat metrics of LV contractility. All single-beat metrics were tested for the various underlying assumptions required to be considered a valid metric of cardiac contractility, including load-independency, sensitivity to inotropic stimulation, and ability to diagnose contractile dysfunction in cardiac disease. Of all examined single-beat metrics, only LV maximal pressure normalized to end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic pressure normalized to EDV, and the maximal rate of rise of the LV pressure normalized to EDV showed a moderate-to-excellent agreement with their IVCO-derived reference measure and met all the underlying assumptions required to be considered as a valid cardiac contractile metric in both rodents and large-animal models. Our findings demonstrate that single-beat metrics can be used as a valid, reliable method to quantify cardiac contractile function in basic/preclinical experiments utilizing small- and large-animal models KEY POINTS: Validating and comparing indices of cardiac contractility that avoid caval occlusion would offer considerable advantages for the field of cardiovascular physiology. We comprehensively test the underlying assumptions of multiple single-beat indices of cardiac contractility in rodents and translate these findings to pigs and conscious dogs. We show that when performing caval occlusion is unfeasible, single-beat metrics can be utilized to accurately quantify cardiac inotropic function in basic and preclinical research employing various small and large animal species. We report that maximal left-ventricular (LV)-pressure normalized to end-diastolic volume (EDV), LV end-systolic pressure normalized to EDV and the maximal rate of rise of the LV pressure waveform normalized to EDV are the best three single-beat metrics to measure cardiac inotropic function in both small- and large-animal models.
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Benchmarking , Función Ventricular Izquierda , Animales , Perros , Ratas , Porcinos , Función Ventricular Izquierda/fisiología , Porcinos Enanos , Contracción Miocárdica/fisiología , Ventrículos Cardíacos , Volumen Sistólico/fisiologíaRESUMEN
The common retinal diseases are age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP). They are usually associated with the dysfunction of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and degeneration of underlying Bruch's membrane. The RPE cell transplantation is the most promising therapeutic option to restore lost vision. This study aimed to construct an ultrathin porous fibrous film with properties similar to that of native Bruch's membrane as carriers for the RPE cells. Human amniotic membrane powder (HAMP)/Polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds containing different concentrations of HAMP were fabricated by electrospinning technique. The results showed that with increasing the concentration of HAMP, the diameter of fibers increased. Moreover, hydrophilicity and degradation rate were improved from 119° to 92° and 14 to 56% after 28 days immersion in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution, respectively. All scaffolds had a porosity above 85%. Proper cell adhesion was obtained one day after culture and no toxicity was observed. However, after seven days, the rate of growth and proliferation of ARPE-19 cells, a culture model of RPE, on the PCL-30HAMP scaffold (HAMP concentration in PCL 7.2% by weight) was higher compared to other scaffolds. These results indicated that PCL-30HAMP fibrous scaffold has a great potential to be used in retinal tissue engineering applications.
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Amnios , Epitelio Pigmentado de la Retina , Lámina Basal de la Coroides , Colágeno/metabolismo , Células Epiteliales , Humanos , Poliésteres/metabolismo , Polvos , Epitelio Pigmentado de la Retina/metabolismo , Pigmentos Retinianos/metabolismo , Ingeniería de Tejidos/métodos , Andamios del TejidoRESUMEN
Articular cartilage is an avascular connective tissue with a slow healing rate. Tissue engineering scaffolds can provide appropriate condition to stimulate the natural healing mechanism of the damaged tissue. In this study, the electrospun nanocomposite scaffolds based on polycaprolactone (PCL)-chitosan/carboxyl-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were fabricated with different concentrations of MWCNTs including 0.5 and 1â¯wt%. The samples were characterized in terms of morphology, porosity, physicochemical structure, hydrophilicity, tensile strength, bioactivity, biodegradation and cell response. The scaffold containing 0.5â¯wt% MWCNTs presented the lowest fiber diameter (99⯱â¯15â¯nm) and the highest tensile strength (33.81⯱â¯6.76â¯MPa) (pâ¯≤â¯0.05), which were considerable for electrospun structures. The porosity percentage of the scaffolds were maintained above 80% which is appropriate for tissue engineering. As the MWCNTs increased, the water contact angle decreased due to the increase in the hydrophilic carboxyl functional groups related to the MWCNTs. MWCNTs increased the crystallinity of the scaffold, leading to a more bioactivity and stability proportional to healing rate of a natural cartilage. Chondrocytes were well cultured on the scaffold containing MWCNTs and presented more cell viability compared to the sample without MWCNTs. The PCL-chitosan/0.5wt.%MWCNTs scaffold can be considered for supplemental studies in cartilage tissue engineering applications.
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Quitosano , Nanocompuestos , Nanotubos de Carbono , Cartílago , Quitosano/química , Nanocompuestos/química , Nanotubos de Carbono/química , Poliésteres/química , Ingeniería de Tejidos , Andamios del Tejido/químicaRESUMEN
Spinal cord injury chronically alters cardiac structure and function and is associated with increased odds for cardiovascular disease. Here, we investigate the cardiac consequences of spinal cord injury on the acute-to-chronic continuum, and the contribution of altered bulbospinal sympathetic control to the decline in cardiac function following spinal cord injury. By combining experimental rat models of spinal cord injury with prospective clinical studies, we demonstrate that spinal cord injury causes a rapid and sustained reduction in left ventricular contractile function that precedes structural changes. In rodents, we experimentally demonstrate that this decline in left ventricular contractile function following spinal cord injury is underpinned by interrupted bulbospinal sympathetic control. In humans, we find that activation of the sympathetic circuitry below the level of spinal cord injury causes an immediate increase in systolic function. Our findings highlight the importance for early interventions to mitigate the cardiac functional decline following spinal cord injury.
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Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal , Animales , Corazón , Estudios Prospectivos , Ratas , Médula Espinal , Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal/complicaciones , Sistema Nervioso Simpático , Función Ventricular IzquierdaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: We investigated how wearing a mask - and its modality (surgical vs. N95) - affect hemodynamic and hematologic function in males and females across two exercise intensities (submaximal (SUB) and maximal (MAX)). METHODS: 144 individuals participated in the present study and were randomly allocated to three mask groups of 48 (N95, SURGICAL, and NO MASK) with two exercise subgroups for each mask group (MAX, n = 24; SUB, n = 24) for both sexes. Participants in each experimental group (N95SUB, N95MAX; SURSUB, SURMAX; SUB, MAX) were assessed for their hemodynamic and hematologic function at baseline and during recovery after exercise. RESULTS: No significant differences were noted for either hemodynamic or hematologic function at post-exercise as compared to baseline with regard to mask modality (P > 0.05). Heart rate (HR) for maximal intensity were significantly greater at 1 min post-exercise in N95 as compared to SURGICAL (P < 0.05). No differences were noted for hemodynamic and hematologic function with N95 and SURGICAL compared to NOMASK for either intensity (P > 0.05). Females showed significantly greater HR values at 1 min post-exercise in N95 as compared to NO MASK, but no significant differences were noted for hematological function between sexes (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our findings show that wearing a face mask (N95/surgical) while exercising has no detrimental effects on hemodynamic/hematologic function in both males and females, and suggest that wearing a mask, particularly a surgical mask, while exercising during the ongoing pandemic is safe and poses no risk to individual's health. Future studies examining physiological responses to chronic exercise with masks are warranted.
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COVID-19 , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Prueba de Esfuerzo , Femenino , Hemodinámica , Humanos , Masculino , PandemiasRESUMEN
As primary medical care for spinal cord injury (SCI) has improved over the last decades there are more individuals living with neurologically incomplete (vs. complete) cervical injuries. For these individuals, a number of promising therapies are being actively researched in pre-clinical settings that seek to strengthen the remaining spinal pathways with a view to improve motor function. To date, few, if any, of these interventions have been tested for their effectiveness to improve autonomic and cardiovascular (CV) function. As a first step to testing such therapies, we aimed to develop a model that has sufficient sparing of descending sympathetic pathways for these interventions to target yet induces robust CV impairment. Twenty-six Wistar rats were assigned to SCI (n = 13) or naïve (n = 13) groups. Animals were injured at the T3 spinal segment with 300 kdyn of force. Fourteen days post-SCI, left ventricular (LV) and arterial catheterization was performed to assess in vivo cardiac and hemodynamic function. Spinal cord lesion characteristics along with sparing in catecholaminergic and serotonergic projections were determined via immunohistochemistry. SCI produced a decrease in mean arterial pressure of 17 ± 3 mmHg (p < 0.001) and left ventricular contractility (end-systolic elastance) of 0.7 ± 0.1 mmHg/µL (p < 0.001). Our novel SCI model produced significant decreases in cardiac and hemodynamic function while preserving 33 ± 9% of white matter at the injury epicenter, which we believe makes it a useful pre-clinical model of SCI to study rehabilitation approaches designed to induce neuroplasticity.
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The purpose of this study is to understand and quantify the simultaneous effects of roadway speed category, driver age, driver gender, vehicle class, and location on the rates of longitudinal and lateral acceleration epochs. The rate of usual as well as harsh acceleration epochs are used to extract insights on driving risk and driver comfort preferences. However, an analysis of acceleration rates at multiple thresholds incorporating various effects while using a large-scale and diverse dataset is missing. This analysis will fill this research gap. Data from the 2nd Strategic Highway Research Program Naturalistic Driving Study (SHRP2 NDS) was used for this analysis. The rate of occurrence of acceleration epochs was modeled using negative binomial distribution based generalized linear mixed effect models. Roadway speed category, driver age, driver gender, vehicle class, and location were used as the fixed effects and the driver identifier was used as the random effect. Incidence rate ratios were then calculated to compare subcategories of each fixed effect. Roadway speed category has the strongest effect on longitudinal and lateral accelerations of all magnitudes. Acceleration epoch rates consistently decrease as the roadway speed category increases. The difference in the rates depends on the threshold and is up to three orders of magnitude. Driver age is another significant factor with clear trends for longitudinal and lateral acceleration epochs. Younger and older drivers experience higher rates of longitudinal accelerations and decelerations. However, the rate of lateral accelerations consistently decreases with age. Vehicle class also has a significant effect on the rate of harsh accelerations with minivans consistently experiencing lower rates.
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Accidentes de Tránsito , Conducción de Automóvil , Aceleración , Humanos , Modelos LinealesRESUMEN
One of the best methods to prevent wound infection and speed up wound healing is wound dressing based on nanofiber-polymer scaffolds, which have acceptable antimicrobial performance and appropriate skin regeneration capabilities. In this paper, the electrospinning method was applied to synthesize the polyvinylpyrrolidone-acrylic acid hydrogel (PVPA)-eggshell membrane (ESM)-reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets nanocomposite dressings with different reduced graphene oxide contents (0, 0.5, 1, and 2 wt.%). Thus, smooth nanofibers were fabricated, including a high amount of rGO, which reduced the fiber diameter. Based on the results, rGO played an important role in water impermeability. The results showed that by increasing the rGO concentration from 0.5 to 2 wt%, the contact angle value increased persistently. Results showed that compared to PVPA-ESM, the mechanical strength and strain of PVPA-ESM/1 wt% rGO significantly enhanced 28% and 23%, respectively. Incorporation of 1 wt% rGO enhanced swelling ratio from 875% for PVPA-ESM to 1235% after 420 min, while increasing the rGO to 2 wt% increased the degradation rate of the composites. According to the in vitro cell culture studies, PVPA-ESM wound dressings with 0.5-1 wt% rGO content enhanced PC12 cell viability compared to the wound dressings without rGO nanosheets. Generally, rGO-loaded PVPA-ESM nanofiber wound dressing can be considered as a potential candidate to be used in skin regeneration applications.
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PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to investigate potential anti-inflammatory effects of wet-cupping prior to a moderate-to-vigorous exercise test among martial arts athletes. METHODS: Twenty-one male karate athletes voluntarily participated in this study and were randomly divided into 3 groups: vigorous exercise (VE, n = 7), cupping (CT, n = 7) and cupping plus vigorous exercise (VECT, n = 7). Participants in exercise groups performed an exercise test while participants in CT received cupping therapy, and participants in VECT received cupping therapy plus exercise. Inflammatory markers (i.e., interlukin-6, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α) were assessed prior to, immediately, 30 min, and 24 h after cupping therapy, vigorous exercise test, and their combination. RESULTS: IL-6 values were significantly lower immediately after cupping intervention in CT as compared to baseline (P < 0.025). IL-6 significantly increased immediately and 30 min post-exercise in VE in comparison with baseline (P < 0.025). IL-6 was also significantly higher at 24 h post-exercise in CTVE as compared to baseline (P < 0.025). TNF-α values were significantly lower in CT as compared to VE and CTVE at immediately and 30 min post-exercise (P < 0.01). TNF-α significantly decreased immediately and 30 min after cupping intervention in CT as compared to baseline (P < 0.01). Conversely, TNF-α significantly increased immediately after exercise in VE as compared to baseline (P < 0.025). TNF-α also significantly increased at 30 min and 24 h post-exercise in CTVE in comparison with baseline (P < 0.025). CONCLUSION: Our findings showed that exercise-induced augmentation in inflammatory markers were lower in athletes who received cupping therapy, suggesting such therapy may be an avenue to mitigate the inflammatory response to vigorous exercise among martial arts athletes. A large-scale clinical study is needed to confirm the findings of the present study.
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Ventosaterapia/métodos , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Inflamación/terapia , Artes Marciales , Adulto , Prueba de Esfuerzo , Humanos , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Masculino , Proyectos Piloto , Factores de Tiempo , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Regulación hacia Arriba , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The aim of the current study was to examine the impact of lower body compression garments (CG) on cardiac autonomic control of heart rate (HR) prior to, during and following submaximal exercise. METHODS: Thirty (15 males, 15 females) healthy, active adults undertook consecutive 10-min stages of supine rest, moderate-intensity upright cycling and supine recovery while wearing either normal clothing (CONTROL) or normal clothing plus CG tights in a randomised order. Heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were assessed every minute while cardiovascular autonomic responses were assessed during the final 5 min of each stage via HR variability (HRV). The change in HR at 1-min (HRR1) and 2-min (HRR2) post-exercise and the time constant of HR recovery (HRtau) were assessed as indices of cardiac autonomic reactivation. Differences between variables were assessed via repeated measures ANOVA and corrected pairwise comparisons. RESULTS: Compared to rest, exercise resulted in a reduction of HRV that was similar for CONTROL and CG. A main effect for condition was identified for one non-linear, long-term HRV variable only with a significantly lower value (61.4 ± 47.8 vs. 67.1 ± 50.2 ms, p < 0.05) for CG compared to CONTROL. Cardiac autonomic reactivation (HRR1, 42.0 ± 16.8 vs. 45.5 ± 13.4 bpm; HRR2, 58.9 ± 10.5 vs. 58.9 ± 8.2 bpm; HRtau, 63.4 ± 22.3 vs. 65.1 ± 23.0 s, p > 0.05) was comparable for CONTROL and CG. CONCLUSION: Lower body CG failed to alter most cardiac autonomic responses during rest, moderate-intensity exercise or recovery. Mechanisms for potential ergogenic benefits of CG remain to be characterised.
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Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/fisiología , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Cardiovasculares , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Corazón/fisiología , Adulto , Prueba de Esfuerzo , Femenino , Frecuencia Cardíaca/fisiología , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Asthma and obesity are becoming increasingly common among children. Such conditions are known to negatively affect both cardiac autonomic function and oxidative stress. We therefore investigated the heart rate variability (HRV) and oxidative (malondialdehyde, MDA) response to exercise within a high humidity environment (~65%) in obese and lightweight asthmatic children. METHODS: Forty-two children participated in this study and were categorized into four groups: obese asthmatic (OA, N.=10), obese non-asthmatic (ONA, N.=15), lightweight asthmatic (LA, N.=10), and lightweight non-asthmatic (LNA, N.=7). Time-domain and nonlinear indices of HRV were assessed at rest, during, and immediately after exercise. Further, saliva samples were collected immediately before and after exercise and analyzed for the determination of MDA. RESULTS: HRV significantly decreased during and after exercise compared to baseline (P<0.05) with short-term fractal scaling exponent (α1) for the LNA group significantly smaller than the OA group after exercise (P<0.05). In contrast, the long-term fractal scaling exponent (α2) was greater after exercise compared to baseline and during exercise for all groups (P<0.05). MDA significantly decreased after exercise compared to baseline (P<0.05). We also found significant correlations after exercise between salivary levels of MDA with HRV components (i.e., RMSSD, SD1, and α2) in asthmatic groups (all P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings showed that exercise in high humidity environment does not significantly differentiate the autonomic response among children with various conditions (i.e., obese, asthmatic and healthy). However, a significant relationship was found between HRV and MDA in asthmatic children after exercise, highlighting the inter-relationship between oxidative stress markers and autonomic function in asthmatic children.
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Asma/fisiopatología , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Frecuencia Cardíaca/fisiología , Humedad/efectos adversos , Obesidad/fisiopatología , Estrés Oxidativo/fisiología , Asma/complicaciones , Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/fisiología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Niño , Prueba de Esfuerzo/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Obesidad/complicaciones , Saliva/metabolismoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Zataria is a plant with anti-inflammatory properties, which has been used for the treatment of many diseases. This study investigated the effect of different intensities of circuit resistance training and Zataria supplementation on plasma retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP-4) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in postmenopausal women. METHODS: Seventy-two postmenopausal women were divided on randomized order into six groups: Control (McGinley and Bishop in J Appl Physiol 121(6):1290-1305, 2016), Training 35% (T35%), Training 55% (T55%), Zataria (Özgünen et al. in Scand J Med Sci Sports 20:140-147, 2010), Zataria/Training 35% (ZT35%), and Zataria/Training 55% (ZT55%). Resist-ance training program included 12 exercise stations (each: 30 s, intensity: 35% and 55% of 1-RM) for 8 weeks (3 sessions/week). Daily (500 mg) Zataria was used after breakfast by participants in ZG, ZT35%, and ZT55% groups. Blood samples were taken 48 h before and after the first and last sessions of training. RESULTS: After the training period the percentage of body fat decreased significantly (P < 0.001) in all trained groups, whereas muscle mass increased significantly (P < 0.01) only in T55% and ZT55% groups. A significant decrease was observed for RBP-4 values (P < 0.05) after training in all groups except for ZG and CG. Also, RBP-4 was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in all groups as compared to CG at the post-test except for ZG. Moreover, significantly lower values (P < 0.05) were found in T55%, ZT35%, and ZT55% as compared to ZG in post-intervention. TNF-α values decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the post-test as compared to pre-intervention in ZT35% and ZT55%. Also, TNF-α was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in ZT55% compared to CG and T35% in post-test. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate clearly that in postmenopausal women, circuit resistance training both at low and moderate intensities cause a greater reduction in RBP-4 and TNF-α when Zataria is supplemented in the diet during training.
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We examined the effects of the independent and combined effects of Zataria Multiflora supplementation and circuit resistance training (CRT) on selected adipokines among postmenopausal women. Forty-eight postmenopausal women were divided into four groups: Exercise (EG, n = 12), Zataria Multiflora (ZMG, n = 12), exercise and Zataria Multiflora (ZMEG, n = 12), and control (CG, n = 12). Participants in experimental groups either performed CRT (3 sessions per week with intensity at 55% of one-repetition maximum) or supplemented with Zataria Multiflora (500 mg every day after breakfast with 100 ml of water), or their combination, for 8 weeks. Blood samples were collected at pre- and post-intervention for measuring selected adipokines, including visfatin, omentin-1, vaspin, FGF-21, adiponectin, leptin, and ghrelin. Our findings demonstrated that visfatin, vaspin, and leptin levels significantly decreased over the intervention period (all p < 0.05), with these values were lower in EG and ZMEG in comparison to CG at post-intervention (all p < 0.05). Visfatin and vaspin levels were also lower in ZMEG in comparison to EG at post-intervention (both p < 0.05). In contrast, omentin-1, ghrelin, adiponectin, and FGF21 significantly increased in EG and EMG (all p < 0.05) after CRT. These findings suggest that Zataria Multiflora supplementation by itself has little effect on measured adipokines; however, its combination with CRT produced noticeable effects on circulating levels of these adipokines, even more than CRT alone. Consequently, a combination of CRT and Zataria Multiflora supplementation may represent a potentially beneficial non-pharmacologic intervention on some selected adipokines in postmenopausal women.
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BACKGROUND: Lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a common clinical problem in young patients. The management of this disease in patients is challenging. The aim of this study is to compare sigmoidoscopy with full colonoscopy in these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 120 eligible patients under 50 years old with acute rectal bleeding were enrolled. After cleaning the colon, initially the patients underwent sigmoidoscopy. Pain, the comfort of the test by physician and patient, duration of the procedure, and pathologic findings were recorded. The procedure continued until the splenic flexure passed in the ileocecal valve, and this stage was considered as proximal colonoscopy. Pain, easy performance by physician and the patient, duration of procedure, and pathologic findings were recorded in this stage too. The variables in the two stages were compared with each other. RESULTS: There were 66 women (55%) and 54 men (45%) and the mean of age was 41 ± 7.9 years. Proximal colonoscopy from splenic flexure to reach cecum was relatively easier for the physician and the patient than sigmoidoscopy (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the time spent to carry out proximal colonoscopy was less than the time taken for sigmoidoscopy (P < 0.001). Pathologic findings recorded in full colonoscopy were more than sigmoidoscopy (P < 0.001). Therefore, full colonoscopy that includes sigmoidoscopy and proximal colonoscopy is relatively easier than sigmoidoscopy for patients, and it also proves more advantageous than sigmoidoscopy for physicians to perform in Iranian patients because of more tortuous and elongated sigmoid colon in these patients. CONCLUSION: It is advised to perform full colonoscopy than sigmoidoscopy in young patients with lower GI bleeding.
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The aims of the current study were to investigate the oxidant and antioxidant status of liver tissue challenged by doxorubicin and to examine the possible protective effects of aerobic exercise on doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress. Seventy-two rats were divided into three age groups (Young, Adult, and Elderly) with three treatment subgroups consisting of eight rats per age group: doxorubicin, aerobic exercise + doxorubicin, and aerobic exercise + saline. The experimental groups performed regular treadmill running for 3 weeks. Doxorubicin was administered by i.p. injection at a dosage of 20 mg kg-1 while the aerobic exercise + saline group received saline of a comparable volume. Heat shock protein 70, malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, and protein carbonyl were determined from the liver homogenates following the intervention period. Treatment with doxorubicin induced hepatotoxicity in all groups with lower values of oxidative stress in young compared with the older groups. The inclusion of aerobic exercise training significantly increased heat shock protein 70 and antioxidant enzyme levels (glutathione peroxidase) whereas it decreased oxidative stress biomarkers (malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl) for all age groups. These results suggest that aerobic exercise training may be a potential, non-drug strategy to modulate doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity through its positive impact on antioxidant levels and oxidative stress biomarkers.
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Antioxidantes/análisis , Biomarcadores/análisis , Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas/terapia , Doxorrubicina/toxicidad , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Condicionamiento Físico Animal , Factores de Edad , Animales , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/toxicidad , Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas/etiología , Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas/metabolismo , Masculino , Oxidación-Reducción , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: We examined the effect of antioxidant supplementation and exercise on irisin within postmenopausal women. METHODS: Forty-eight participants (age: 55.7 ± 4.9 years; weight: 68.0 ± 6.3 kg; BMI 27.0 ± 2.7; mean ± SD) were randomized into four groups for the eight week intervention: control group (CG; n = 12), resistance training group (RTG; n = 12), supplementation with Zataria multiflora group (ZG; n = 12), or supplementation with Z. multiflora and resistance training group (ZRTG; n = 12). RTG and ZRTG performed circuit resistance training, and both ZG and ZRTG consumed 500 mg of Z. multiflora every day during the intervention. Blood samples were taken 48 hours before and after the intervention. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in irisin at post-training, with greater levels in ZRTG compared to CG. A significant increase was noted for irisin at post-training compared to pre-training for ZG, RTG, and ZRTG. Moreover, we identified a significant decrease in malondialdehyde in the RTG and ZRTG groups and increase in glutathione in the ZG, RTG, and ZRTG groups when compared to CG. CONCLUSION: These findings showed that exercise, Z. multiflora supplementation or their combination led to an increase in irisin.