RESUMEN
This study describes the anthropometric measurements and somatotype of the elite female futsal players from Brazil in 2021 and analyse the changes and trends over time in these physical characteristics. Data were collected from the 396 female futsal players, of whom; 169 players were assessed in 2021 then compared to those assessed in 2001 (n=112) and 2011 (n-115). Anthropometric measurements, including body weight, height, breadths, girths, and skinfolds were assessed. The somatotype was calculated and graphically represented. The changes between 2021 and the previous years were analysed using ANOVA and multiple linear regression. A jointpoint regression was performed to verify the annual percentage change. The comparison between 2021 data versus the other time points showed a higher age and lower fat content (2001: 22.7 ± 5.1 BF%; 2011: 22.2 ± 5.2 BF%; 2021: 19.0 ± 5.1 BF%). Players from 2021 had higher tensed arm and relaxed calf girths. All the positions, excluding pivots, significantly decreased their body fat units between 2021 and 2001 (goalkeeper: b=-4.49; defender: b=-2.78; winger: b=-4.48). Over the last 20 years, body fat reduced, and tensed arm and relaxed calf girths increased, suggesting an increase in fat-free mass content from the limbs.
RESUMEN
Resumo: O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a associação entre a força muscular relativa e os indicadores de obesidade em professores universitários. 71 docentes (37 homens e 34 mulheres) foram submetidos à medida da circunferência da cintura (CC) e ao teste de preensão manual. A partir da massa corporal (MC) e da estatura calculou-se o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC). A força muscular relativa (% FM) foi determi nada mediante razão dos valores da média de preensão manual direita e esquerda pela MC. Com base nos valores de % FM a amostra foi estratificada em tercis de acordo com o gênero para efeito de comparação da MC, IMC e CC utilizando o teste de Kruskal Wallis. Para identificar a diferença entre dois grupos utilizou-se a Mann- Whitney e para correlação usou-se o coeficiente de Spearman. Os homens do 3° tercil apresentaram valores significativamente menores nos indicadores de obesidade quando comparados ao 1° e 2° tercil. Não houve diferença significativa para as mulheres nos indicadores de obesidade embora os valores encontrados tenham sido menores com o aumento do nível de força. Foram observadas correlações inversas para MC, IMC e CC em ambos os gêneros. O desempenho de força muscular palmar sugere maior importância na prevenção de obesidade entre os professores do que entre as professoras.
Abstract: The aim of the study was to verify the association between relative muscular strength and indicators of obesity in university professors. 71 teachers (37 men and 34 women) were submitted to measurement of waist circumference (WC) and the handgrip test. Based on body mass (BM) and height was calculated Body Mass Index (BMI). Relative muscle strength (% FM) was determined by ratio of the averaged val ues of right and left handgrip by MC. Based on the values of the % FM, the sample was stratified into tertiles according to gender for comparison of MC, BMI and WC using the Kruskal-Wallis test; to identify the difference between two groups was used the Mann- Whitney test and for correlation was used the Spearman coefficient. Men of the 3rd tertile showed lower values significantly on indicators of obesity when compared to the 1st and 2nd tertile. There was no difference for women in obesity indicators, although the values found were lower with increasing level strength. The inverse correlations were observed for MC, BMI and WC in both genders. The performance of strength palmar prehension suggests higher importance in the pre vention of obesity between men than women professors.