Utilidad diagnóstica del CD117 en un inusual carcinoma adenoide quístico del labio superior / Diagnostic utility of CD117 in an unusual adenoid cystic carcinoma of the upper lip / Utilidade diagnóstica do CD117 num carcinoma adenoide cístico invulgar do lábio superior

RESUMEN El carcinoma adenoide quístico (CAQ) es una neoplasia maligna de glándula salival, de evolución lenta pero de agresivo comportamiento, que se presenta frecuentemente en el paladar; sin embargo, en el labio superior, donde suelen encontrarse más neoplasias benignas, su presencia es escasamente relatada. Se expone un relato de una mujer de 63 años, derivada por presentar un nódulo en el labio superior derecho, de aspecto benigno, consistencia firme, circunscrito, móvil, doloroso a la palpación, sin tiempo de evolución determinado y cuyo estudio histopatológico exhibió una proliferación de células anguladas e hipercromáticas de escaso citoplasma, organizadas en patrón cribiforme y predominantemente tubular. Se realiza un estudio inmunohistoquímico, el cual mostró positividad para SMA, p63 y CD117 con un Ki-67 del 10 % aproximadamente. Estos resultados confirman diagnóstico de CAQ con patrón tubular, destacando el rol del CD117 para el diagnóstico diferencial con adenocarcinoma polimorfo. Se deriva a la paciente para tratamiento quirúrgico y radioterapia, y luego de un año de seguimiento mantiene un buen comportamiento clínico.

ABSTRACT Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACCC) is a malignant neoplasm of the salivary gland, of slow evolution but aggressive behavior, which frequently occurs in the palate; however, in the upper lip, where more benign neoplasms are usually found, its presence is scarcely reported. We report the case of a 63-year-old woman, referred for presenting a nodule in the right upper lip, with benign appearance, firm consistency, circumscribed, mobile, painful to palpation, with no determined time of evolution and whose histopathological study showed a proliferation of angular and hyperchromatic cells with scarce cytoplasm, organized in a cribriform pattern and predominantly tubular. An immunohistochemical study was performed, which showed positivity for SMA, p63 and CD117 with a Ki-67 of approximately 10%. These results confirm the diagnosis of CAC with tubular pattern, highlighting the role of CD117 for the differential diagnosis with polymorphous adenocarcinoma. The patient was referred for surgical treatment and radiotherapy, and after one year of follow-up she maintained a good clinical behavior.

RESUMO O carcinoma adenoide cístico (CACC) é uma neoplasia maligna da glândula salivar, de evolução lenta, mas de comportamento agressivo, que ocorre frequentemente no palato; no entanto, a sua presença é raramente relatada no lábio superior, onde normalmente se encontram neoplasias mais benignas. Relatamos o caso de uma mulher de 63 anos que foi encaminhada por apresentar um nódulo benigno no lábio superior direito, de aspeto firme, circunscrito, móvel, doloroso à palpação, sem tempo de evolução definido. O exame histopatológico revelou uma proliferação de células angulosas e hipercromáticas com citoplasma escasso, organizadas em padrão cribriforme e predominantemente tubulares. Foi efetuado um estudo imuno-histoquímico que mostrou positividade para SMA, p63 e CD117 com um Ki-67 de aproximadamente 10 %. Estes resultados confirmam o diagnóstico de CAC com padrão tubular, realçando o papel do CD117 no diagnóstico diferencial com adenocarcinoma polimorfo. A paciente foi encaminhada para tratamento cirúrgico e radioterapia e, após um ano de seguimento, manteve bom comportamento clínico.

Salivary characteristics in burning mouth syndrome: a systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: Compare through case-control studies, the salivary characteristics of patients with and without BMS. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: Searches in Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, and BIREME were conducted for the identification of case-controls studies reported. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Thirty-three studies were included, of which 26 articles evaluated OSB, 17 SRF, and 7 SE. Nineteen organic biomarkers showed higher levels in BMS patients, the two most indicated being α-amylase and cortisol. Ten organic biomarkers, including Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) and IL-6, showed lower levels in BMS patients. Regarding salivary flow rate (SFR), five articles indicated that BMS patients have less unstimulated SFR (uSRF)Two articles indicate that stimulated SFR (sSRF) is lower in BMS patients nevertheless, but eight did not show differences. Sialochemical analysis revealed that sodium (Na), chloride (Cl), potassium (K), sodium (Na), and calcium (Ca), showed higher levels in BMS patients according to three studies, but two studies did not establish any differences. Two study established that BMS patients have lower Mg salivary levels. CONCLUSIONS: Qualitative salivary characteristics suggest that BMS has neuropathic, inflammatory, emotional, immune, and hormonal involvements. BMS can be associated with changes in salivary biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress, is related to anxiety and degree of pain.

Hypovitaminosis D, oral potentially malignant disorders, and oral squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and potentially malignant oral disorders (OPMDs) could be associated with low levels of vitamin D. This systematic review aimed to determine the relationship between serum levels of vitamin D with OPMDs and OSCC. Material and Methods: This review was conducted according to Cochrane guidelines (PROSPERO CRD42020207382) on literature retrieved from the PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases. The antecedents extracted were study design, methodology, sample (country, number of patients, age, and sex), oral manifestations (type of lesion, location, prevalence, and follow-up), serum vitamin D levels or use of vitamin D supplements, results, and conclusions. Results: Twelve articles were selected. Some of the most relevant findings were alterations in vitamin D could favor the progress of OPMDs to OSCC. Higher levels of vitamin D can increase levels of anti-inflammatory mediators, CD4+ T lymphocytes and CD8+ T lymphocytes and CD3+ T lymphocytes in intratumoral tissue. The normalization of vitamin D levels in patients with OSCC can increased cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells, favoring antitumor immune response. Vitamin D supplemented can lower adverse effects associated with chemotherapy like mucositis and pain. Tobacco can increase risk of developing OSCC altering vitamin D levels. Conclusions: Hypovitaminosis D could increase risk of developing OSCC from OPMDs, thus altering the immune response and it is associated with a lower survival rate in patients with OSCC, a greater recurrence of tumors in patients who underwent surgical treatment, and an increase in adverse reactions to chemotherapy. The use of vitamin D supplements can be a complement to primary therapy to prevent the recurrence of lesions and reduce adverse events associated with treatment.(AU)

Reactive arthritis: images.

Reactive arthritis is an extremely rare spondyloarthritis that affects the peripheral joints and spine, resulting in common symptoms such as arthritis, urethritis, conjunctivitis, and mucocutaneous lesions. On rare occasions, oral lesions such as circinate erosions on the hard and soft palate, gums, tongue, and cheeks may occur. Reactive arthritis may develop during or after genitourinary or gastrointestinal bacterial infections such as Shigella, Salmonella, Yersinia, and Chlamydia. A 36-year-old man presented with circinate balanitis, urethral discharge, oligoarthralgia, conjunctivitis, lymphadenopathy, pharyngitis, and erythematous lesions on the palate. Culture examination showed presence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and antibiotic treatment resulted in improvement of conjunctivitis and the lesions on the penis. However, severe oligoarthralgia, palatal erosions that increased in severity and size, and depilated areas on the tongue were observed. The definitive diagnosis was reactive arthritis. The prevalence of sexually transmitted infections is increasing, highlighting the need to increase awareness of associated risks such as reactive arthritis. Moreover, consideration of non-specific oral manifestations in a systemic context may aid in effective diagnosis and treatment, suggesting the need for multidisciplinary teams.

Non-surgical periodontal treatment for drug-influenced gingival enlargement: a four-year follow-up case report

ABSTRACT: Drug-influenced gingival enlargement is considered to be an important side effect related to the use of some medications and often produces important esthetic changes for patients, as well as clinical symptoms such as pain, bleeding, abnormal tooth movement and occlusion problems. Anticonvulsants, immunosuppressants and antihypertensive drugs have been reported as the main inducers of these periodontal disorders. This case report describes the 4-year clinical follow-up of a young patient with a history of excessive gingival enlargement as a consequence of drug therapy for epilepsy (phenytoin and phenobarbital); the nonsurgical periodontal treatment of the excessive gingival enlargement was associated with the replacement of the patient's epilepsy medications with valproic acid. We conclude that intensive mechanical control of bacterial biofilms, instruction on oral hygiene guidelines and behaviors and the substitution of alternative anticonvulsant medications are the best way to control the drug-influenced gingival enlargement.

Salivary characteristics may be associated with burning mouth syndrome?

BACKGROUND: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) it is characterized by burning and uncomfortable sensations with no clinical alterations or laboratory findings. The evaluation of the salivary characteristics of people with BMS can help the understanding of the pathogenesis of this condition. This case-control study aimed to trace the salivary profile of women with burning mouth syndrome (BMS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: 40 women with BMS and 40 control women were recruited. Unstimulated salivary flow rate (uSFR), pH, salivary cortisol levels, salivary viscosity, and oral health impact profile (OHIP-14 questioner) were determined. P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: For uSFR, mean values obtained for BMS and for control group respectively were 0.35 and 0.61 mL/min; for pH, 7.23 and 7.34; for cortisol levels, 0.36 and 0.15 µg/dL; for viscosity values, 31.1 and 45.01 mPas and for OHIP-14 scores, 21.7 and 5.7. To uSFR, cortisol levels, viscosity values and OHIP-14 scores, differences were statistically significant. Salivary cortisol levels and OHIP-14 scores were correlated positively (rho = 0.624; p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: BMS women have lower uSFR and salivary viscosity and higher salivary cortisol levels that were associated with worse quality of life, compared with the control group. Key words:Xerostomia, Burning mouth syndrome, Viscosity.

Are propolis extracts potential pharmacological agents in human oral health? - A scoping review and technology prospecting.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The antimicrobial potential of propolis - a honey bee product - was correlated with its traditional use as a natural medicine, mainly known for antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Moreover, research on natural products in dentistry has increased in recent years in the search for products with greater therapeutic activity, lower toxicity, better biocompatibility, and more affordable cost to the population. OBJECTIVE: Considering that the beneficial effect of propolis is acknowledged for several oral conditions, this study aimed to synthesize the research and technological forecasts of existing evidence on the use of propolis extract as a potential antimicrobial agent in dentistry. METHODS: Studies were identified through an investigation in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Scielo electronic databases. Additionally, the following patent databases were screened: Google Patents, WIPO, INPI, Espacenet, and Questel Orbit. The data were tabulated and analyzed using Microsoft Office Excel 2013 and Questel Orbit. RESULTS: A total of 174 scientific articles and 276 patents fulfilled all the criteria and were included in the investigation. The highest number of patents (n = 144) was produced by China. Additionally, the most prevalent studies were performed on an experimental basis (72%), followed by clinical studies (n = 27) and review articles (n = 21). The effect of using propolis has been extensively observed in oral care products, periodontics, pathology, and cariology, among other dental specialties. CONCLUSION: It was possible to identify the current scientific and technological scenario of the application of propolis in dentistry, with the number of patents increasing in recent years. However, all studies related to the use of propolis in dentistry have shown a potentially safe antimicrobial agent in an extensive field of application.

Effect of a Homemade Salivary Substitute Prepared Using Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) Flower and Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) Seed to Relieve Primary Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Preliminary Report.

Objectives: To evaluate (1) the effect of a salivary substitute prepared using chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) flower and flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) seed to relieve Primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS) symptoms, (2) their effect on the inhibition of matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2) and MMP9 metalloproteinases, and (3) their potential cellular cytotoxic effect. Subjects: 40 women aging >40 years with diagnosis of primary BMS. Settings/Location: Center of Diagnosis of Diseases of the Mouth, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil. Design: This was an open clinical trial where primary BMS patients used the homemade salivary. At the first appointment, after 30 and 60 days, the authors evaluated the pattern and intensity of BMS and xerostomia symptoms, and then determined and compared the unstimulated salivary flow rate (SFR), viscosity, and salivary pH. MMP2 and MMP9 activities in saliva and cytotoxicity were assessed using different concentrations of chamomile flower and flax seed separately. Interventions: Subjects used the homemade salivary substitute for 3 months and were instructed to rinse their mouth three to four times daily for 1 min. Outcome measures: A numeric rating scale to evaluate the intensity of burning sensation and xerostomia symptoms, salivary flow rate (SFR) to determine salivary volume, dynamic rheology technique for viscosity and a digital meter for salivary pH. MMP2 and MMP9 activities in saliva and cytotoxicity were assessed by zymography and cell viability assay respectively. Results: After treatment, severity of BMS symptoms decreased, the SFR increased, salivary viscosity decreased, and severity of xerostomia sensation (in patients who reported having this symptom) improved (p < 0.05). Chamomile flower and flax seed had no effect on inhibiting MMP2 and MMP9 activities, and neither showed cellular cytotoxic effects. Conclusion: This homemade salivary substitute is an economical, viable, easily manipulated, noncytotoxic, and a practical alternative to relieve BMS symptoms.

Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in population-based studies: A systematic review of the methodological aspects.

OBJECTIVES: To conduct a systematic review of the literature to evaluate the methodological aspects of population-based studies on the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions (OMLs). METHODS: Two reviewers independently conducted a literature search in three databases (PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus) and extracted data using a standardized form. Data on the following characteristics of the included studies were collected: sample size; age of participants; references used to define the diagnostic criteria, training of the examiners, and data collection; type, grouping and characteristics of the lesions; and lesions excluded and measures of agreement between examiners. Data were analysed descriptively, and data synthesis was performed for each of the studies included in the analysis. A quality analysis of the studies was conducted, and the risk of bias was evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 29 studies were included in the analysis. Most of the published studies on the prevalence of OMLs were performed in Asian countries. The sample sizes ranged from 255 to 39 206. The World Health Organization guidelines were followed by most of the studies, in terms of design, examiner training and data collection. Approximately 25% of the studies did not determine inter-examiner reliability. Moreover, almost half of the studies included did not report the response rate nor did they present the results with the appropriate confidence intervals. CONCLUSIONS: Several important points need to be improved in population-based studies focusing on the prevalence of OMLs. In particular, these studies should adequately report the response rate and findings, and to a lesser extent, the diagnostic criteria and training of the examiners. We encourage more research in this field and reinforce the importance of standardized studies to facilitate the comparison of different findings. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018099386.

Systemic and clinical treatment of gingival hyperplasia associated with use of anticonvulsant

ABSTRACT: Anticonvulsants are drugs that can modify the gingival tissues response to inflammatory processes in the presence of dental plaque, inducing gingival overgrowth. Preexisting gingival inflammation induced by dental plaque seems to be a favorable condition to the development and/or expression of gingival overgrowth. This study describes a case in which the use of phenytoin and phenobarbital anticonvulsant associated with the presence of dental plaque provided a large and severe extent of gingival alteration. We concluded that it was possible to achieve a good result in the patient with an intensive mechanical control of dental plaque, oral hygiene orientations and substitution of the drug for other alternative medication.

Clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical characterization of 14 cases of angioleiomyomas in oral cavity

BACKGROUND: Angioleiomyoma (ALM) is a benign neoplasm that originates from vascular smooth muscle. It is extremely rare in oral cavity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of all oral angioleiomyomas registered in a Center of Diagnosis of Oral Diseases from 1959 to 2017. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Slides from 14 cases of ALM stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) were analyzed to confirm the diagnosis. Moreover, an immunohistochemical panel with alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), desmin, AE1/AE3, CD68, S-100, and CD34 antibodies was performed to evaluate semi-quantitatively the positive cells. RESULTS: ALM correspond to 0.08% of all benign oral tumors analyzed during the 57-year period. The mean age of the patients was 45 years with a predilection to males (58%). The most frequently reported site was lips (50%). Microscopic analysis on H&E sections revealed similar pattern in all cases, showing well-circumscribed and encapsulated tumors, characterized by a proliferation of smooth muscle cells and wide vascular spaces of varying sizes. The predominant immuno profiles were: alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) positive (strong immunoreactivity); positive variable pattern for desmin, negative immunoprofile for AE1/AE3, CD68, and S-100. The endothelial cells of vascular spaces were CD34+. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results, the alpha-SM actin can be elected as a good marker for angioleiomyomas and can help the confirmation of the morphologic diagnosis of this lesion

Diversity, frequency and antifungal resistance of Candida species in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVE: To determine number, species of Candida and Candida resistance to antifungal therapy according to the metabolic control state and the associated salivary changes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Samples of non-stimulated saliva were collected from 52 patients with DM2. Salivary pH was measured and cultured on Sabouraud glucose agar and the values of CFU/ml were calculated. The species were presumptively identified using CHROMagar Candida® plates, and identification was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). C. albicans isolates were cultured on SGA tetracycline agar with nystatin and fluconazole diffusion disks to measure susceptibility. RESULTS: Sixty six percent of the yeasts isolated were Candida albicans, followed by C. glabrata (20.7%). In patients with decompensated DM2, there was an inverse association between HbA1c value and salivary pH. At higher levels of salivary acidification, a greater diversity and quantity of yeasts of the genus Candida were observed. With nystatin, higher inhibition was observed at lower pH. CONCLUSIONS: The antifungal therapies could be more effective if it consider, qualitative salivary characteristics as pH, that could determine the susceptibility of species of Candida to at least to nystatin, which is the most used antifungal for treatment to oral candidiasis in patients with DM2.

Successful conservative treatment of a mandibular unicystic ameloblastoma: 13-year follow-up.

Ameloblastoma is an uncommon, locally aggressive benign odontogenic tumor and can reach considerable dimensions causing facial deformity and functional impairment. They are characterized by local aggressiveness. It is recommended that maxillary ameloblastomas be treated aggressively due to proximity of various vital structures. Conservative treatments such as marsupialization, enucleation and curettage while preserving bone integrity seem to be associated with a high rate of recurrence. Treatment evaluation of ameloblastomas is a complex issue, as ideally it should not be so destructive due to the benign nature of this lesion, but should be extensive enough to avoid recurrences. The present study is about a clinical case of a 16-year- old man with a unicystic ameloblastoma treated successfully with marsupialization. Patient was followed up every 12 months. About 13 years after diagnosis, the patient is clinically healthy and radiographically it is possible to observe evidence of bone repair. Key words:Odontogenic tumors, ameloblastoma, marsupialization, unicystic.

Características salivales y estado sistémico de sujetos con xerostomía / Salivary characteristics and systemic status of subjects with xerostomia

RESUMEN: Xerostomía o sensación de boca es una afección que afecta severamente la calidad de vida de quienes la padecen. Si bien se relaciona con la reducción del flujo salival (hiposalivación), existe evidencia contradictoria y se sugiere evaluar características cualitativas salivales y estado sistémico de los afectados para comprender su etiología y mejorar terapias asociadas. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar pH y concentración de proteínas en saliva y estado sistémico entre sujetos xerostómicos con y sin hiposialia. Se midió pH, concentración de proteínas salivales y se consignaron antecedentes sistémicos y uso de fármacos en 27 individuos xerostómicos, que fueron divididos en hiposiálicos y no hiposiálicos. Se compararon las variables mencionadas usando test no paramétrico de Mann-Whitney y test Chi-Cuadrado. Se aceptaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas con error alfa igual o menor a 5 %. Sujetos xerostómicos con hiposialia presentaron mayor prevalencia de Artritis Reumatoide y Síndrome de Sjögren en comparación con xerostómicos sin hiposialia. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en relación a pH, concentración de proteínas y uso de medicamentos, variables que no influirían en el padecimiento de xerostomía, independiente de la existencia de hiposialia. Sujetos con xerostomía e hiposialia presentan mayor frecuencia de Artritis Reumatoide y Síndrome de Sjögren.

ABSTRACT: Xerostomia or mouth feeling is a condition that severely affects the quality of life of thosewho suffer from it. Although it is related to the reduction of salivary flow (hyposalivation),there is contradictory evidence and it is suggested to evaluate qualitative salivarycharacteristics and systemic state of those affected in order to understand its etiology and improve associated terapies. The objective of this study was to compare saliva, pH and protein concentration and systemic status among xerostomic subjects with and without hyposialia. Were measured PH and protein concentration and were recorded systemic antecedents and drug use in 27 xerostomic individuals, who were divided into hyposalic and nonhyposalic individuals. The mentioned variables were compared using non-parametric Mann-Whitney test and Chi-Square test. Statistically significant differences were accepted with alpha error equal to or less than 0.05%. Xerostomic subjects with hyposialia presented higher prevalence of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Sjögren's Syndrome compared to xerostomics without hyposialia. No statistically significant differences were found in relation to pH, protein concentration and drug use, variables that would not influence xerostomia, independent of hyposialia. Subjects with xerostomia with hyposialia present a higher frequency of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Sjögren's Syndrome.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of a chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) and linseed (Linum usitatissimum) saliva substitute in the relief of xerostomia in elders.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of a chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) and linseed (Linum usitatissimum) saliva substitute in the relief of xerostomia in older participants. BACKGROUND: In elders, xerostomia is a permanent and progressive condition that significantly affects their quality of life. The treatment for progressive xerostomia is currently restricted to palliative measures, and saliva substitutes are indicated. A lack of evidence on the effectiveness of the saliva substitutes in the relief of symptoms of xerostomia has been reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-four elderly participants presenting xerostomia of diverse origin were selected. Herbal saliva substitute and carboxymethyl cellulose conventional saliva substitute were tested using a double-blind, randomised, cross-sectional clinical trial. RESULTS: Every participant of the study exhibited dry mouth sensation. A sensation of thick saliva was described in 59.5% of the participants. The need for liquid intake to swallow food, the sensation of difficulty in swallowing and the burning sensation in the tongue were observed in 54.1, 56.8 and 27.0% of the participants, respectively. The most prevalent diseases were hypertension, depressive symptoms and arthritis. Results of the clinical tests showed that the herbal saliva substitute produced a greater relief of dry mouth symptoms, thick saliva sensation and the sensation of difficulty in swallowing than the conventional substitute (Wilcoxon test p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: New chamomile- and linseed-based saliva substitute was effective in relieving xerostomia symptoms in older participants of this study.

Salivary gland dysfunction markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease of the carbohydrate metabolism that, when not rigorously controlled, compromises systemic and organ integrity, thereby causing renal diseases, blindness, neuropathy, arteriosclerosis, infections, and glandular dysfunction, including the salivary glands. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the qualitative and quantitative parameters of salivary alteration, which are indicators of salivary gland dysfunction, and the level of metabolic control of type 2 diabetes patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A convenience sample of 74 voluntary patients with type 2 DM was selected, each of whom donated a sample of unstimulated saliva. Salivary parameters such as salivary flow rate, protein concentration, pH, and xerostomia were studied. RESULTS: There is a positive relationship between the level of metabolic control measured with HbA1 and the protein concentration in saliva (Spearman rho = 0.329 and p = 0.004). The same assay showed an inverse correlation between HbA1 and pH (Spearman rho = -0.225 and p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The protein concentration in saliva and, to a lesser extent, the pH may be useful as glandular dysfunction indicators in DM2 patients. KEY WORDS: Saliva, type 2 diabetes mellitus, pH, protein concentration, xerostomia.

A retrospective analysis of reactive hyperplastic lesions of the oral cavity: study of 1149 cases diagnosed between 2000 and 2011, Chile.

UNLABELLED: The aim of this study was to determine the relative frequency and distribution of reactive hyperplastic lesions (RHL) of the oral mucosa at the Oral Pathology Institute of the School of Dentistry at the University of Chile. This was a retrospective study of 1149 biopsies with histopathological diagnosis of RHL, performed between 2000 and 2011. The RHL were classified in 4 groups: fibrous hyperplasia (FH), pyogenic granuloma (PG), peripheral giant-cell granuloma (PGCG) and peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF). RESULTS: the most frequent RHL was FH (71. 1%), followed by PG (21.1%), PGCG (5 %) and POF (2.9%). RHLs were more frequent in women (70.7%). The most highly affected age group was the 50- to 59-year-olds (22%). The most frequent location for RHL was maxilla (24.7%), followed by cheek (20.6%), tongue (19.4%) and jaw (18.5%). The most prevalent RHL diagnosis was FH. The most frequently affected sex was female, the most frequent age range was 50-59 years, and the most frequent location, maxilla.

Reporte preliminar sobre el efecto de un sustituto salival a base de manzanilla (Matricaria chamomilla) y linaza (Linum usitatissimum) en el alivio de la xerostomía en adultos mayores / Preliminary report on the efficacy of a chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) and linseed (Linum usitatissimum) based saliva substitute formulated for the relief of xerostomia in the elderly

Introducción: La xerostomía es una condición crónica que afecta a un alto porcentaje de adultos mayores, que deben ser tratados paliativamente mediante el uso de sustitutos salivales; sin embargo estos productos no se encuentran disponibles en el mercado nacional. Objetivos Evaluar la eficacia de un nuevo sustituto salival a base de manzanilla y semillas de linaza en la disminución de la sintomatología asociada a xerostomía en individuos adultos mayores. Metodología Se incluyeron 34 voluntarios adultos mayores con xerostomía de diverso origen. Un nuevo sustituto salival a base de manzanilla y semillas de linaza y un sustituto convencional a base de carboximetilcelulosa fueron testados en un ensayo clínico aleatorizado, cruzado, con período de blanqueamiento. Resultados El 100 por ciento de los sujetos presentó sensación de boca seca, el 58,8 por ciento sensación de saliva espesa, el 52,9 por ciento necesitaba beber líquidos para deglutir los alimentos y tenía sensación de dificultad para tragar. La sensación de ardor lingual se registró en el 23,5 por ciento de los individuos. Las enfermedades más frecuentes en la muestra analizada fueron la hipertensión arterial y la artritis. Los resultados del ensayo clínico indican que el sustituto salival a base de manzanilla y semillas de linaza disminuye significativamente la sensación de boca seca y la sensación de saliva espesa (test de Wilcoxon p < 0,05). Conclusión El nuevo sustituto salival a base de manzanilla y semillas de linaza es efectivo en el alivio de la sintomatología asociada a xerostomía en adultos mayores, por lo que puede contribuir a mejorar la calidad de vida de la población afectada por esta condición.

Introduction: Xerostomia is a common chronic health condition that affects a great number of elderly people. Palliative treatment, such as salivary substitutes should be used, but these products are not accessible in the Chilean market. Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of a new Chamomile and linseed based saliva substitute in the reduction of xerostomía-associated symptomatology in elderly people. Methodology Forty elderly subjects presenting with xerostomia of various origins were selected. Chamomile and linseed based saliva substitute and a carboxymethylcellulose based conventional artificial saliva were tested using a double-blind, randomized, cross-over clinical trial with an intervining wash out period. Results All (100 percent) of subjects had a sensation of dry mouth, and 58.8 percent mentioned a sensation of thick saliva, 52.9 percent needed to drink liquids to swallow, and with a sensation of swallowing difficulty. Burning tongue sensation was recorded in 23.5 percent of the patients. The most frequent pathologies in the sample were arterial hypertension and arthritis. Results of the clinical tests showed that Chamomile and linseed based saliva substitute significantly relieves the sensation of dry mouth and the sensation of thick saliva (Wilcoxon test P < .05). Conclusion New chamomile and linseed based saliva substitute was effective in relieving xerostomia symptoms in elderly people, and could improve the quality of life of population affected by this condition.

A retrospective analysis of reactive hyperplastic lesions of the oral cavity: study of 1149 cases diagnosed between 2000 and 2011, Chile / Análisis retrospectivo de lesiones reaccionales hiperplásicas en mucosa oral: estudio de 1149 casos diagnosticados entre el 2000–2011 en chile

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la frecuencia relativa y distribución de lesiones reaccionales hiperplásicas (LRH) de la mucosa oral, presentes en el registro de biopsias del Servicio de Anatomía Patológica de la Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile. Este estudio de tipo retrospectivo consistió en 1149 biopsias con diagnóstico histopatológico de LRH, entre los años 2000-2011. Las LRH se clasificaron en 5 grupos: Hiperplasia fibrosa (HF), granuloma piogénico (GP), granuloma periférico de células gigantes (GPCG) y fibroma osificante periférico(FOP). Los datos de edad y sexo de los sujetos, y de localización y tipo de lesión, fueron obtenidos del registro de biopsias de cada caso. De las LRH, la lesión más frecuente fue HF (71,1 por ciento), seguido de GP (21,1 por ciento), GPCG (5 por ciento) y FOP (2,9 por ciento) respectivamente. Las biopsias de LRH fueron mas frecuentes en mujeres (70,7 por ciento). El rango etario más afectado fue el de 50 a 59 años (22 por ciento). La localización de mayor frecuencia de LRH fue el maxilar superior (24,7 por ciento), seguida de mejilla (20,6 por ciento), lengua (19,4 por ciento), mandíbula (18,5 por ciento), labio inferior (9,9 por ciento) y labio superior (6,7 por ciento). En este estudio, de las LRH el diagnóstico más prevalente fue FH. El sexo más afectado fue el femenino, el rango etario el de 50 a 59 años y la ubicación más frecuente, maxilar superior. Estos resultados en general son concordantes con lo descrito en otros países.

The aim of this study was to determine the relative frequency and distribution of reactive hyperplastic lesions (RHL) of the oral mucosa at the Oral Pathology Institute of the School of Dentistry at the University of Chile. This was a retrospective study of 1149 biopsies with histopathological diagnosis of RHL, performed between 2000 and 2011. The RHL were classified in 4 groups: fibrous hyperplasia (FH), pyogenic granuloma (PG), peripheral giant-cell granuloma (PGCG) and peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF). Results: the most frequent RHL was FH (71. 1%), followed by PG (21.1%), PGCG (5 %) and POF (2.9%). RHLs were more frequent in women (70.7%). The most highly affected age group was the 50- to 59-year-olds (22%). The most frequent location for RHL was maxilla (24.7%), followed by cheek (20.6%), tongue (19.4%) and jaw (18.5%). The most prevalent RHL diagnosis was FH. Themost frequently affected sex was female, the most frequent agerange was 50-59 years, and the most frequent location, maxilla.