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Background: Microaggressions are subtle and often unintentional acts that can be verbal, nonverbal, or environmental, and they convey negative messages to individuals belonging to marginalized social groups. This study aims to determine the prevalence of microaggressions experienced by female Saudi orthopaedic surgeons. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted online and targeted female in orthopedic surgery across different regions of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The survey was uploaded to Google Forms and distributed through social media platforms like Twitter, Instagram, and WhatsApp by well-trained data collectors. Results: In this survey we included 96 female Saudi orthopedics. Their mean age was 27.46 ± 12.20 years. Most respondents were either residents (52.63%), or specialists (23.16%). Most participants (92.63%) were still in training or early in their careers, with the vast majority (93.68%) had their residency in Saudi Arabia. Nearly three-fifths (61.05%) have reported experiencing microaggressions as victims, 76.84%, did not see themselves as perpetrators of microaggressions, 23.16% acknowledged having engaged in such behavior. Patients or their families were reported to be involved in microaggressions in 43.16% of cases, while male surgeons and male support staff were implicated at 51.58% and 23.16%, respectively. Additionally, other male medical doctors participate in microaggressions in 33.68% of instances. Female surgeons were identified as being involved in 22.11% of microaggressions, whereas 29.47% involve female support staff. Conclusion: The study's outcomes can help inform strategies to promote a supportive and inclusive environment within the field of orthopaedic surgery, encouraging positive interactions and equitable opportunities for all practitioners.
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OBJECTIVES: Knowledge and attitude of health care professionals and medical students are crucial to promoting positive outcomes of organ donation. This study aimed to evaluate knowledge and attitudes of health care professionals and medical students on organ donation in Southern Saudi Arabia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of consented tertiary hospital health care professionals (n = 200) (group A) and medical students (n = 200) (group B) in Southern Saudi Arabia from December 2022 to April 2023. Anonymous questionnaires in aGoogle form were sentto participants via WhatsApp. The study questionnaire consisted of 3 sections: sociodemographic information, knowledge toward organ donation, and attitude toward organ donation. RESULTS: Both groups had adequate knowledge on organ donation and brain death concepts, but this knowledge was not reflected in willingness to donate among the groups. Among people surveyed, 65% of group A and 45% of group B (P < .001) noted willingness to donate their organs, even to relatives. However, only 22% of group A and 14% of group B were registered as donors. The most common reasons for refusal in both groups were lack of knowledge about donation, fear of body disfigurement after death, and religious factor. Among the health care professionals (group A), although consultants knew more about the donation process, residents had more positive attitudes and motivation for donation. For groups A and B, the primary sources of information were the internet and social media. CONCLUSIONS: Attitudes of medical students and health care personnel toward organ donation were positive, although they were generally reluctantto donate their organs. This study repeats the need for education interventions that should stress the importance of donation, brain death irreversibility, national legal regulations for organ donation, the compatibility of organ donation with religious values, and the explanation of inaccurate beliefs.
