Academic performance of children in relation to gender, parenting styles, and socioeconomic status: What attributes are important.

What are the effects of parenting styles on academic performance and how unequal are these effects on secondary school students from different gender and socioeconomic status families constitute the theme of this paper. A cross-sectional and purposive sampling technique was adopted to gather information from a sample of 448 students on a Likert scale. Chi-square, Kendall's Tau-c tests and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to determine the extent of the relationship among the variables. Chi-square and Kendall's Tau-c (Tc) test results established that the socioeconomic status of the respondent's family explained variation in children's academic performance due to parenting style; however, no significant difference was observed in the academic performance of students based on gender. Furthermore, hierarchal multiple regression analysis established that the family's socioeconomic status, authoritative parenting, permissive parenting, the interaction of socioeconomic status and authoritative parenting, and the interaction of socioeconomic status and permissive parenting were significant predictors (P<0.05) of students' academic performance. These predictor variables explained 59.3 percent variation in the academic performance of children (R2 = 0.593). Results of hierarchal multiple regression analysis in this study ranked ordered the most significant predictors of the academic performance of children in the following order. Family socioeconomic status alone was the strongest predictor (ß = 18.25), interaction of socioeconomic status and authoritative parenting was the second important predictor (ß = 14.18), authoritative parenting alone was third in importance (ß = 13.38), the interaction of socioeconomic status and permissive parenting stood at fourth place in importance (ß = 11.46), and permissive parenting was fifth (ß = 9.2) in influencing academic performance of children in the study area. Children who experienced authoritative parenting and were from higher socioeconomic status families perform better as compared to children who experienced authoritarian and permissive parenting and were from low socioeconomic status families.

The Effects Of Wheat Pill Poisoning (Aluminum Phosphide) Dosage On Arterial Blood Gases And Their Clinical Outcome.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the effects of aluminum phosphide poisoning dosage on arterial blood gases and the clinical outcome. METHODS: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the intensive care unit of Mardan Medical Complex, Mardan, Pakistan, from January 2021 to May 2022, and comprised patients of either gender who had attempted suicide using aluminum phosphide. Data was collected using a predesigned questionnaire. Data was analysed using SPSS 26. RESULTS: Of the 116 patients, 42(36.2%) were males and 74(63.8%) were females. There were 75(64.65) survivors; 31(41.33) males and 44(58.66) females with overall mean age 26.30±9.45 years. There were 41(35.35%) non-survivors; 11(26.82%) males and 30(73.18) females with overall mean age 28.21±11.16 years.During hospitalisation, the non- survivors showed drastically decreased levels of all arterial blood gas paramters with severe clinical outcomes (p<0.05). As the number of aluminum phosphide pills increased, the chance of survival decreased (p<0.05). The non-survivors spent an average of 32.51±16.02 hours in hospital (range: 6-59 hours). CONCLUSIONS: Patients who ingested more aluminum phosphide pills had more abnormal arterial blood gas parameter with severe clinical outcomes. Also, they had lower chance of survival and unfavourable response to treatment.

A Narrative Literature Review on Sepsis: A Primary Manifestation of Colorectal Neoplasm.

Sepsis and colorectal cancer (CRC) exhibit a complex relationship that warrants further exploration. This review delves into the interplay of factors between sepsis and CRC, uncovering shared pathophysiological traits and potential bacterial associations. Understanding these connections could pave the way for earlier diagnosis, improved management, and enhanced outcomes in CRC patients. The role of immune system dysfunction, hypoalbuminemia, and specific microbial imbalances, such as Streptococcus bovis and Clostridium septicum, are discussed. Recognizing sepsis in CRC patients is crucial for timely intervention, and tailored approaches encompassing antibiotic therapy, source control measures, and cancer treatment are essential for comprehensive care. Monitoring biomarkers and ratios can provide valuable insights into complications and overall health outcomes. A multidisciplinary approach involving various specialists is necessary to address the global burden of CRC and its association with sepsis while exploring novel interventions, such as fecal microbiota transplantation and personalized care. We conducted a thorough search using reputable databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar to investigate the connection between sepsis and CRC. We refined our search terms, utilized sidebar filters, and examined references in selected articles. This meticulous process helped us create a comprehensive literature review and gain valuable insights into this relationship.

School role in improving parenting skills and academic performance of secondary schools students in Pakistan.

BACKGROUND: This research investigated the association between school role in improving parenting skills and the academic performance of secondary school students. And to examine the role of student gender, literacy status of the parents and parental importance to children education in the association between school role in improving parenting skills and students' academic performance. METHODS: A multistage stratified random sampling technique was adopted to portray information from 448 students on a Likert scale. Chi-square, Kendall's Tau-c tests were used to determine the direction and strength of association among variables. RESULTS: The results depicted that the association of children's academic performance was found significant (P = 0.000) and positive (Tau-c = 0.215) with school capacitating parents how to monitor and discuss schoolwork at home with children, assisting parents in setting academic goals for children (P = 0.000, Tau-c = 0.225). Moreover, the respondent's gender, parent literacy status and parental importance to children's education explained variation in the association between school role in improving parenting skills and children's academic performance. CONCLUSIONS: The school role in improving parenting skills significantly and positively contributed to children's academic performance. Moreover, boys, children of literate parents and children whose parents give more importance to their education with school active role in improving parenting skills were more liable to score higher grades.

Antioxidant, cholinesterase inhibition activities and essential oil analysis of Nelumbo nucifera seeds.

Nelumbo nucifera seeds' essential oil (EO), crude extract and subsequent fractions were evaluated for their DPPH, ABTS and superoxide anion-free radical scavenging and cholinesterase inhibitory activities. The ethyl acetate fraction and EO showed outstanding antioxidant activities with IC50 values of 191, 450 µg/mL (DPPH), 123, 221 µg/mL (ABTS) and 69, 370 µg/mL (superoxide anion). The ethyl acetate fraction and EO also caused significant inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase with IC50 values of 70 ± 0.6, 64 ± 0.8 and 75 ± 0.3, 58 ± 0.2, in dose-dependent manner. The first ever gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the EO obtained from N. nucifera seeds resulted in identification of 19 constituents, mainly comprised of oxygenated sesquiterpenes responsible for their promising bioactivity. The crude and fractions revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, terpenoids and cardiac glycosides in phytochemical investigation.