OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical and laboratory features, complications, and outcomes of patients with rhabdomyolysis in the Saudi population. METHODS: Retrospectives descriptive study of adult patients who presented to King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC) withrhabdomyolysis between January 2016 and December 2022. RESULTS: Most of the participants (84.5%) were male, with a median age of 41 years and a body mass index of 26.5 kg/m2. Medications, mainly statins (22.4%) and illicit drugs (15.5%), constituted the root causes of rhabdomyolysis in the cohort (44.8%). The most common presenting complaints were myalgia (63.8%) and fatigue (37.9%). More than one-third of the participants (32.8%) developed AKI, with 3 patients requiring temporary hemodialysis, and only 8.6% developed acute liver failure (ALF). Intensive care unit (ICU) admission was required for 10 patients (17.2%), and the overall mortality rate was 8.6%. Patients who developed complications (composite outcomes of AKI, ALF, multiorgan failure, or death) had significantly reduced kidney function and higher levels of blood urea nitrogen, anion gap, and uric acid upon admission than those who did not. CONCLUSION: This study offers a thorough understanding of clinical and laboratory features, causes, complications, and outcomes of rhabdomyolysis among Saudi patients. The insights gained enhance our understanding of rhabdomyolysis within this population, providing a foundation for future research and improvements in clinical management.
Acute Kidney Injury , Rhabdomyolysis , Tertiary Care Centers , Humans , Rhabdomyolysis/epidemiology , Rhabdomyolysis/etiology , Rhabdomyolysis/complications , Rhabdomyolysis/therapy , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Saudi Arabia/epidemiology , Acute Kidney Injury/epidemiology , Acute Kidney Injury/etiology , Acute Kidney Injury/therapy , Acute Kidney Injury/mortality , Retrospective Studies , Liver Failure, Acute/mortality , Liver Failure, Acute/epidemiology , Liver Failure, Acute/therapy , Liver Failure, Acute/etiology , Liver Failure, Acute/complications , Intensive Care Units , Renal Dialysis , Multiple Organ Failure/etiology , Multiple Organ Failure/epidemiology , Multiple Organ Failure/mortality , Fatigue/etiology , Young Adult
This retrospective study aims to describe the characteristics of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in Saudi Arabia, in terms of epidemiology, clinical presentation, tumor subtype, Fuhrman grade, tumor size and stage, and overall survival. A total of 431 adult patients with a histopathological diagnosis of RCC between 2015 and 2023 were included in the analysis. Most patients (72.4%) had clear cell tumors, followed by chromophobe (15.1%) and papillary (12.5%) subtypes. In males, papillary RCC (85.2%) was more common compared to clear cell (59.8%) and chromophobe (67.7%) subtypes. Significant differences were observed in median body mass index (BMI) across tumor subtypes, and papillary tumor patients exhibited the highest incidence of hematuria (33.3%) compared to other subtypes. The Fuhrman grade also varied significantly among RCC types. Survival times were found to be lower for patients with papillary tumors. No significant difference was observed based on patients' nationality. This study can inform clinical decision-making on patient prognosis and management as well as public health efforts aimed at reducing the alarming rise of RCC incidence.
The utility of partial nephrectomy (PN) in locally advanced, stage T3 renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is controversial. This retrospective study aimed to review the oncological and functional outcomes of patients with T3a RCC who underwent PN. We included all patients with pT3a stage RCC undergoing either open, laparoscopic, or robotic PN at our center between January 2015 and 2023. A Wilcoxon rank sum test was utilized to compare nephrectomy types (radical nephrectomy [RN] vs PN). Survival analysis was conducted using Kaplan-Meier plots and a log-rank test. P-value < 0.05 indicated statistical significance. There were no significant differences in demographic characteristics between the RN and PN groups, except age (53.0 vs 6.5, respectively; P = 0.012) and body mass index (28.7 vs 34.3, respectively; P = 0.020). Furthermore, there were also no significant differences in the rates of local recurrence (P = 0.597), metastatic progression (P = 0.129), and chemotherapy use (P = 0.367) between nephrectomy types. Patient survival did not differ significantly based on the type of nephrectomy (log-rank P-value = 0.852). Together, our findings indicated that PN and RN yield near-equivalent oncological outcomes in terms of local recurrence, metastasis, and overall survival rates among pT3a RCC patients during a nearly 3-year follow-up period.
