Resumen: Objetivo: Analizar la eficacia de un programa de intervención psicológica grupal en formato online diseñado para reducir la sobrecarga y el malestar emocional de los cuidadores informales de pacientes oncológicos en fase final de vida. Método: El programa se desarrolló para cuidadores principales de pacientes oncológicos en situación de enfermedad avanzada, con pronóstico de vida inferior a 6 meses. La intervención consistió en cuatro sesiones semanales. Los instrumentos de evaluación fueron la Escala de Detección de Malestar Emocional del Cuidador Principal y la Escala Zarit Reducida y se aplicaron al inicio y al final del programa. Además, se categorizaron las principales preocupaciones de los cuidadores a través de la Escala de Detección del Malestar del Cuidador Principal. Se utilizaron estadísticos descriptivos y t de Student. Resultados: En el estudio participaron 38 familiares de los cuales el 81,6% eran mujeres. En cuanto el grado de parentesco, el 44,7% eran descendientes del paciente. El malestar emocional se redujo significativamente después de la intervención. La incertidumbre se mantuvo como principal preocupación en ambos momentos de medida. Antes del programa, la segunda preocupación más frecuente fue el sufrimiento por el ser querido enfermo, mientras que después de la intervención fue la preocupación por el sufrimiento de otros miembros de la familia. Conclusiones: La realización de este programa de intervención psicológica grupal online demostró ser efectiva para reducir el malestar emocional en los cuidadores principales de pacientes oncológicos al final de la vida. La incertidumbre fue una preocupación constante a lo largo del programa en los familiares. (AU)
Abstract:Aim: analyze the effectiveness of an online delivered psychological intervention program for oncological palliative caregivers in order to reduce the distress and caregiver burden. Methods: The program was developed for primary caregivers of advanced cancer patients, with a life expectancy of less than 6 months. The intervention consisted of 4 weekly sessions. The assessment instruments were the Caregiver Emotional Distress Detection Scale and the Zarits Reduced Scale and were applied at the beginning and end of the program. In addition, the main worries of the caregivers were categorized by the Caregiver Emotional Distress Detection Scale. Descriptive statistics and Students t were used. Results: 38 caregivers enrolled in intervention, 81.6% of whom were women. Regarding the degree of kinship, 44.7% were descendants of the patient. The distress was significantly reduced after the intervention. Uncertainty remained the main worry at both moments of measurement. Before the program, the second most frequent worry was the suffering of the patient, while after the intervention it was worries about the suffering of other family members. Conclusions: Carrying out this online group psychological intervention program proved to be effective in reducing emotional distress in the main caregivers of cancer patients at the end of life. Uncertainty was a constant concern throughout the program in the relatives. (AU)
Humans , Palliative Care , Patients , Caregivers , Death
BACKGROUND: The objective is to analyse and compare the effects of an adapted tennis cardiac rehabilitation programme and a classical bicycle ergometer-based programme on the type of motivation towards sports practice and quality of life in patients classified as low risk after suffering acute coronary syndrome. METHODS: The Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-2) and Velasco's Qualityof Life Test were applied. The sample comprised 110 individuals (age = 55.05 ± 9.27) divided into two experimental groups (tennis and bicycle ergometer) and a control group. RESULTS: The intra-group analysis showed a significant increase between pre- and post-test results in intrinsic regulation in the tennis group and in the control group. In identified regulation, the bicycle ergometer group presented significant differences from the control group. On the other hand, in the external regulation variable, only the tennis group showed significant differences, which decreased. Significant improvements in all quality-of-life factors when comparing the pre-test period with the post-test period were only found in the experimental groups. As per the inter-group analysis, significant differences were observed in favour of the tennis group with respect to the control group in the variables of health, social relations and leisure, and work time as well as in favour of the bicycle ergometer group compared with the control group in the variables of health, sleep and rest, future projects and mobility. No significant differences were found in any of the variables between the tennis group and the bicycle ergometer group. CONCLUSION: It is relevant to enhance the practice of physical exercise in infarcted patients classified as low risk as it improves the forms of more self-determined regulation towards sporting practice and their quality of life.
Cardiac Rehabilitation , Tennis , Bicycling , Exercise Test , Humans , Middle Aged , Quality of Life
Introducción: análisis de un caso clínico de mujer operada de mama con linfadenectomía remitida por su oncólogo en el año 2009 al no realizar ningún movimiento con el brazo por temor a contraer linfedema. Objetivos: 1. Psicoeducación sobre el linfedema y cuidados del brazo. 2. Vencer el miedo al movimiento del brazo. 3. Mejorar la calidad de vida de la paciente. Metodología: eelaboración de un programa de exposición a través de las situaciones en que la paciente experimentaba gran ansiedad y temor, relacionadas con actividades habituales de su vida diaria, realizando la siguiente lista de actividades, de menor a mayor ansiedad:comer, vestirse, labores domésticas, aseo personal y realizar ejercicio físico. Se utilizó el autorregistro con las tareas de exposición realizadas. Resultados: la paciente superó sus miedos hacia el linfedema, realizando una vida totalmente normal, conociendo cuáles son los cuidados que debe tener a modo de prevención. Conclusiones: el tratamiento de exposición ha mostrado eficacia en el presente caso y confirma que es una intervención en el caso de fobias en pacientes oncológicos (AU)
Introduction: Clinical case study of a woman who has been operated on breast cancer and lymphadenectomy who was referred by her oncologist in 2009, given because she didnt move her arm for fear of acquire lymphedema. Purposes: 1. Psychoeducation about lymphedema and how to look after the arm. 2. Overcoming fear of moving the arm. 3. Improving the patients quality of life. Method: Designing an exposure therapy in which the patient has to cope with situations that arouse great anxiety and fear. These situations are related to common activities in the patients daily life and has been rated in a list of increasing level of anxiety: Eating, getting dressed, housework, personal hygiene and physical exercise. The patient kept a record book with the exposure tasks that she confronted. Results: The patient overcame all her fears for lymphedema, leading a completely normal life and learning about the measures and cares to take for lymphedema prevention. Conclusions: Exposure is the most appropriate treatment option for phobic disorders in patients who suffer cancer (AU)
Humans , Female , Lymphedema/psychology , Breast Neoplasms/psychology , Phobic Disorders/therapy , Psychotherapy/methods , Evaluation of Results of Therapeutic Interventions
