[School Development by Using Health Management: Indicator Toolbox as Quality Assurance Instrument for Self-Evaluation in Schools]. / Schulentwicklung durch Gesundheitsmanagement: Kennzahlentoolbox als Qualitätssicherungsinstrument für Selbstevaluation an Schulen.

Organisational development is crucial to health promotion in schools. The intervention "Learning to Live Healthy" is a new school health promotion strategy designed to develop schools into healthy environments for all those who work and study there. The aim of the study "School Development by using Health Management" is to introduce the management instrument balanced scorecard and to develop an indicator toolbox. This allows schools to evaluate the achievement of objectives, the implementation level of the measures and the changes in their organisation regarding health management.

[Memorandum prevention research - research areas and methods]. / Memorandum zur Präventionsforschung - Themenfelder und Methoden (Langfassung).

From 2004 to 2012, the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) established its first funding programme for the promotion of prevention research. 60 projects on primary prevention and health promotion and the meta-project entitled "Cooperation for Sustainable Prevention Research" (KNP) received BMBF grants under this programme during this period. The experience and knowledge gained and recommendations arising from the research funded under this programme are compiled in memorandum format. The "Memorandum on Prevention Research - Research Areas and Methods" highlights 5 research areas that are considered to be especially relevant from the perspective of the involved scientists and practice partners.The promotion of structural development and sustainability enhancement in disease prevention and health promotion are central areas that should branch out from existing nuclei of crystallization. Improving the health competence of the population and of specific subpopulations is another major area. Research in these areas should contribute to the development of theoretical concepts and to the empirical testing of these concepts. The transfer of knowledge for effective use of developed disease prevention and health promotion programmes and measures is still a scarcely researched area. Among other things, studies of the transfer of programmes from one context to another, analyses of the coop-eration between politics and science, and the continued theoretical and conceptual development of transfer research are needed. Long-term data on the effects of intervention studies are also needed for proper evaluation of sustainability. The latter dem-onstrates the importance of method development in disease prevention and health promotion research as an area that should receive separate funding and support. This research should include, in particular, studies of the efficacy of complex interventions, health economic analyses, and participative health research.

[Health promotion-related duties and rules--the acceptance of governmental authorities in the private sphere of health]. / Gesundheitsfördernde Pflichten und Verbote - Wie viel staatliche Autorität ist zumutbar?

The acceptance of governmental authorities in the private sphere of health is increasing, even if the regulated behaviour patterns concern only small groups of a population. The tobacco and alcohol control policies in Germany are a good example for the different acceptance within the population of structural prevention strategies. The scope of action for a sustainable health policy, along side the health care sector and the framework for health professionals, is only limited. The responsibility for health seems to be a personal topic. Furthermore, the interests of the producers of harmful products hinder an effective governmental regulation.

[Strategies for action to tackle health inequalities in Germany]. / Strategien zur Verminderung gesundheitlicher Ungleichheiten in Deutschland.

Against the background of health inequalities, the German Federal Centre for Health Education (BZgA) has coordinated the European project 'Closing the Gap: Strategies for Action to Tackle Health Inequalities in Europe'. Describing the state of the art of reducing health inequalities in each participating country has been one output of the EU project. The aim of this contribution is to present information for Germany with regard to research, political background, initiatives, quality and evaluation of interventions and public awareness. Despite the lack of a national strategy to tackle health inequalities, it can be concluded that there is a range of important activities which are supported by the federal government and which comprise different actors and sectors. Knowledge transfer across Europe can be helpful within the conception of a concerted action.