The addition of corticotropin-releasing hormone to 2-day low dose dexamethasone suppression test provides additional case detection.

ABSTARCT: PURPOSE: The diagnostic value of adding a Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH) Stimulation Test to the 2-day Low Dose Dexamethasone Suppression Test (Dex-CRH Test) has been debated in the literature. METHODS: We identified 65 patients with Cushing disease (CD) and 42 patients in whom a diagnosis of Cushing disease could not be confirmed (NCD) after a minimum follow-up of 14 months who underwent the Dex-CRH test. RESULTS: The female sex ratio, median (range) age, and BMI were similar between the two groups. The follow-up for patients with CD and NCD was 74 (4-233) and 52 (14-146) months, respectively. Among 65 patients with CD, 5 (7.7%) had a cortisol level ≤1.4 µg/dl after LDDST but were appropriately classified as CD with a cortisol level >1.4 µg/dL at 15-min post CRH stimulation. In contrast, 3/42 patients (7.1%) in NCD had an abnormal Dex-CRH test. In only one of three patients, the LDDST was marginally normal (cortisol was 1.4 µg/dL and increased to 3.1 µg/dL 15-min post CRH). A cortisol cutoff value of >1.4 µg/dL during the Dex-CRH test provided a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 93%, and diagnostic accuracy of 97% to diagnose CD. When patients without a Dex level were excluded (n = 74), the sensitivity did not change, but the specificity and accuracy of the Dex-CRH test increased to 97 and 99%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The Dex-CRH Test provided additional case detection in 5/65 (7.7%) patients with CD. It resulted in one false-positive case compared to LDDST. Measurement of dexamethasone improved diagnostic accuracy of the test.

The use of virtual visits for obesity pharmacotherapy in patients with overweight or obesity compared with in-person encounters.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to demonstrate noninferiority using telehealth in treating obesity with phentermine in patients with BMI ≥ 27 kg/m2 with comorbidities or BMI ≥ 30 compared with the standard in-person approach over a 90-day period. METHODS: A 12-week, randomized, prospective, single-center, open label trial compared the use of virtual visits versus in-person visits for the treatment of obesity using phentermine. The primary end point was percentage mean change in body weight from baseline to 12 weeks. A noninferiority approach assuming a 3% noninferiority region was used to assess effect size differences. RESULTS: The weight loss in the virtual visit arm was noninferior to the in-person arm at all time points. At 12 weeks, the mean change in weight was -6.5% among the virtual group and -7.7% among the in-person group. In addition, 65% of virtual patients and 71% of in-person patients demonstrated a weight reduction of at least 5%. There was no difference in medication tolerance, adherence, and compliance. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the virtual obesity pharmacotherapy visits in adults aged 18 to 65 years prescribed phentermine are effective and noninferior in achieving meaningful weight loss after 12 weeks. Future clinical trials are needed to better assess the effectiveness of televisits for obesity pharmacotherapy.

SIGNIFICANT ELEVATION OF GROWTH HORMONE LEVEL IMPACTS SURGICAL OUTCOMES IN ACROMEGALY.

OBJECTIVE: Transsphenoidal adenomectomy (TSA) is first-line treatment for acromegaly. Our aim was to determine the impact of pre-operative biochemical parameters on the outcomes of surgery. METHODS: Retrospective case series of 79 consecutive acromegalics operated between 1994 and 2013. Inclusion criteria were: first TSA, pathology-confirmed growth hormone (GH) adenoma, and follow-up >3 months. Biochemical remission was defined as normal insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) without adjuvant therapy during follow-up. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 35.4 months (range, 3 to 187 months). Logistic regression analysis showed that the best model to predict long-term remission included the following pre-operative markers: GH, tumor diameter, and cavernous sinus invasion (CSI) (area under the curve, 0.933). A threshold GH of 40 ng/mL was associated with long-term remission (sensitivity, 97%; specificity, 42%). Group A (GH >40 ng/mL) comprised 19 patients (9 men); age, 43 ± 13 years; tumor diameter, 2.7 ± 1.0 cm; 73.7% with CSI; and pre-operative median GH, 77.8 ng/mL (interquartile range [IQR], 66.7 to 107.0 ng/mL). Three patients (15%) in group A achieved remission at 3 months, but 2 patients recurred during follow-up. Group B (GH ≤40 ng/mL) comprised 60 patients (25 men); age, 47 ± 13 years; tumor diameter, 1.6 ± 1.0 cm; 35% with CSI, preoperative median GH, 6.9 ng/mL (IQR, 3.4 to 16.9 ng/mL). Thirty-five patients (58%) in group B achieved remission at 3 months without recurrence during follow-up. Group A had larger tumors and a higher proportion of tumors with CSI (P<.05). CONCLUSION: Both GH and IGF-1 should be measured pre-operatively, as highly elevated GH levels negatively impact long-term surgical remission. This strategy allows early identification of patients who require adjuvant therapy and may decrease time to biochemical control.