OBJECTIVE: The importance of continuous monitoring of fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels of diabetic patients has been established. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational prospective study was conducted. Our analysis included 1,700,796 individuals from the nationwide South Korean National Health Insurance System cohort. FBS variability was measured by standard deviation (SD). RESULTS: Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated elevated disease probability in the higher FBS fluctuation group compared with the lower FBS fluctuation group. After adjusting for confounding variables, Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that the hazard ratios of 411 individuals in the highest quartile of SD variation of FBS were 1.77 (95% confidence interval 1.37-2.28, p<0.001) compared with the lowest quartile of SD variation of FBS. The impact of FBS fluctuation on the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cerebrovascular diseases, CVD mortality and all-cause mortality in the highest quartiles of diabetic and non-diabetic individuals was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Visit-to-visit FBS variability has prognostic value for predicting micro- and macrovascular disease, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality.
Blood Glucose/analysis , Cardiovascular Diseases/blood , Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality , Fasting/blood , Cohort Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Republic of Korea , Risk Factors
We report a 27-year-old male who presented with paroxysmal headache, stuffy nose, epistaxis and impairment of vision in each eye. A huge chondrosarcoma, arising from the skull base with extension into the middle cranial fossa and nasal cavity was suspected. The patient underwent craniotomy and endoscope-assisted transnasal resection and a satisfactory removal was achieved. Postoperative immunohistochemical examination confirmed the diagnosis of myxoma rather than chondrosarcoma. The patient remained neurologically intact except for poor vision in the left eye at six-month follow-up. The relevant literature was reviewed and discussed. The main treatment of myxomas of cranial base is by surgery.
Myxoma/pathology , Skull Base Neoplasms/pathology , Skull Base/pathology , Adult , Chondrosarcoma/diagnosis , Cranial Fossa, Middle/pathology , Cranial Fossa, Middle/physiopathology , Cranial Fossa, Middle/surgery , Craniotomy , Diagnosis, Differential , Endoscopy , Humans , Male , Myxoma/physiopathology , Myxoma/surgery , Nasal Cavity/pathology , Nasal Cavity/physiopathology , Nasal Cavity/surgery , Neurosurgical Procedures , Optic Nerve Diseases/etiology , Optic Nerve Diseases/pathology , Optic Nerve Diseases/physiopathology , Orbit/pathology , Orbit/physiopathology , Paranasal Sinuses/pathology , Paranasal Sinuses/physiopathology , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Postoperative Complications/physiopathology , Skull Base/physiopathology , Skull Base/surgery , Skull Base Neoplasms/physiopathology , Skull Base Neoplasms/surgery , Treatment Outcome , Vision, Low/etiology , Vision, Low/physiopathology
The more precise term "mongoloid" should be used in the place of "oriental" and "asian". The nose of the Han race constitutes the most typical example. The description of "intermediary", usually used to describe this nose is insufficient, as it has a very particular type which contributes to the "Asian triad". A study conducted by Chengdu tries to overcome this deficiency. This information is particularly useful in that aesthetic rhinoplasty, performed increasingly frequently for this type of nose, raises specific problems and requires particular caution to avoid excessive correction which may be disastrous in a small face.
Asian People , Nose/anatomy & histology , Rhinoplasty/methods , Esthetics , Humans , Nose/surgery , White People
