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Environmental mismatches are defined as changes in the environment that induce public health crises. Well known mismatches leading to chronic disease include the availability of technologies that facilitate unhealthy diets and sedentary lifestyles, both factors that adversely affect cardiovascular health. This commentary puts these mismatches in context with biota alteration, an environmental mismatch involving hygiene-related technologies necessary for avoidance of infectious disease. Implementation of hygiene-related technologies causes a loss of symbiotic helminths and protists, profoundly affecting immune function and facilitating a variety of chronic conditions, including allergic disorders, autoimmune diseases, and several inflammation-associated neuropsychiatric conditions. Unfortunately, despite an established understanding of the biology underpinning this and other environmental mismatches, public health agencies have failed to stem the resulting tide of increased chronic disease burden. Both biomedical research and clinical practice continue to focus on an ineffective and reactive pharmaceutical-based paradigm. It is argued that the healthcare of the future could take into account the biology of today, effectively and proactively dealing with environmental mismatch and the resulting chronic disease burden.
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Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune , Humanos , Enfermedad Crónica , Animales , AmbienteRESUMEN
Tagmentation combines DNA fragmentation and sequencing adapter addition by leveraging the transposition activity of the bacterial cut-and-paste Tn5 transposase, to enable efficient sequencing library preparation. Here we present an open-source protocol for the generation of multi-purpose hyperactive Tn5 transposase, including its benchmarking in CUT&Tag, bulk and single-cell ATAC-seq. The OpenTn5 protocol yields multi-milligram quantities of pG-Tn5E54K, L372P protein per liter of E. coli culture, sufficient for thousands of tagmentation reactions and the enzyme retains activity in storage for more than a year.
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Community-based chronic disease prevention programs can have long-term, broad public health benefits. Yet, only 40 to 60% of evidence-based health programs are sustained. Using established frameworks and evidence-based tools to characterize sustainability allows programs to develop structures and processes to leverage resources effectively to sustain effective program activities and systems. This study used a mixed-methods, partner-engaged approach to identify barriers and facilitators to sustaining a community network (the Alliance program) aimed to increase participation in evidence-based lifestyle change programs delivered in the community. Surveys and qualitative interviews were conducted with the Alliance partners based on the Program Sustainability Assessment Tool and Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Overall, partners felt Alliance had a high capacity for sustainability. Strategic planning, communication, and partnerships were areas partners prioritized to improve the potential for sustaining the program. Results informed the co-development of a sustainability action plan. This paper furthers our understanding of factors critical for the sustainability of community-based programs for chronic disease prevention and health equity and presents a process for developing action plans to build sustainability capacity.
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Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Promoción de la Salud/métodos , Redes Comunitarias , Enfermedad Crónica/prevención & controlRESUMEN
Colchicine is an anti-inflammatory medication, classically used to treat a wide spectrum of autoimmune diseases. More recently, colchicine has proven itself a key pharmacotherapy in cardiovascular disease (CVD) management, atherosclerotic plaque modification, and coronary artery disease (CAD) treatment. Colchicine acts on many anti-inflammatory pathways, which translates to cardiovascular event reduction, plaque transformation, and plaque reduction. With the FDA's 2023 approval of colchicine for reducing cardiovascular events, a novel clinical pathway opens. This advancement paves the route for CVD management that synergistically merges lipid lowering approaches with inflammation inhibition modalities. This pioneering moment spurs the need for this manuscript's comprehensive review. Hence, this paper synthesizes and surveys colchicine's new role as an atherosclerotic plaque modifier, to provide a framework for physicians in the clinical setting. We aim to improve understanding (and thereby application) of colchicine alongside existing mechanisms for CVD event reduction. This paper examines colchicine's anti-inflammatory mechanism, and reviews large cohort studies that evidence colchicine's blossoming role within CAD management. This paper also outlines imaging modalities for atherosclerotic analysis, reviews colchicine's mechanistic effect upon plaque transformation itself, and synthesizes trials which assess colchicine's nuanced effect upon atherosclerotic transformation.
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Antiinflamatorios , Colchicina , Placa Aterosclerótica , Colchicina/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Placa Aterosclerótica/tratamiento farmacológico , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Aterosclerosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Aterosclerosis/diagnóstico por imagen , Aterosclerosis/diagnóstico , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Animales , Resultado del Tratamiento , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/diagnósticoRESUMEN
Despite the worldwide acceptance of acetaminophen (APAP) as a necessary medicine in pediatrics, evidence that early exposure to APAP causes neurodevelopmental injury in susceptible babies and children has been mounting for over a decade. The evidence is diverse and includes extensive work with laboratory animals, otherwise unexplained associations, factors associated with APAP metabolism, and limited studies in humans. Although the evidence has reached an overwhelming level and was recently reviewed in detail, controversy persists. This narrative review evaluates some of that controversy. Evidence from the pre- and postpartum periods was considered to avoid controversy raised by consideration of only limited evidence of risks during the prepartum period. Among other issues, the association between APAP use and the prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders was considered. A systematic review revealed that the use of APAP in the pediatric population was never tracked carefully; however, historical events that affected its use were documented and are sufficient to establish apparent correlations with changes in the prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders. Moreover, problems with the exclusive reliance on results of meta-analyses of large datasets with limited time frames of drug exposure were reviewed. Furthermore, the evidence of why some children are susceptible to APAPinduced neurodevelopmental injuries was examined. We concluded that available evidence demonstrates that early exposure to APAP causes neurodevelopmental injury in susceptible babies and small children.
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We sought to deliver a geotargeted digital health advertising intervention. We assessed risk of community infection through an integrated public health and wastewater rubric and delivered advertisements between November 2021 and April 2022 in Louisville, Kentucky. The average daily click-through rates for the campaigns were 0.19%, 0.15%, and 0.13%. Results show potential for digital public health interventions that are geographically anchored to subcity sewersheds and community interest and willingness to engage with targeted wastewater-themed public health messaging. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(1):34-37. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307439).
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Publicidad , COVID-19 , Humanos , Kentucky/epidemiología , Aguas Residuales , COVID-19/epidemiología , Características de la ResidenciaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Hysterectomy is a common surgery among reproductive-aged U.S. patients, with rates highest among Black patients in the South. There is limited insight on causes of these racial differences. In the U.S., electronic medical records (EMR) data can offer richer detail on factors driving surgical decision-making among reproductive-aged populations than insurance claims-based data. Our objective in this cohort profile paper is to describe the Carolina Hysterectomy Cohort (CHC), a large EMR-based case-series of premenopausal hysterectomy patients in the U.S. South, supplemented with census and surgeon licensing data. To demonstrate one strength of the data, we evaluate whether patient and surgeon characteristics differ by insurance payor type. METHODS: We used structured and abstracted EMR data to identify and characterize patients aged 18-44 years who received hysterectomies for non-cancerous conditions between 10/02/2014-12/31/2017 in a large health care system comprised of 10 hospitals in North Carolina. We used Chi-squared and Kruskal Wallis tests to compare whether patients' socio-demographic and relevant clinical characteristics, and surgeon characteristics differed by patient insurance payor (public, private, uninsured). RESULTS: Of 1857 patients (including 55% non-Hispanic White, 30% non-Hispanic Black, 9% Hispanic), 75% were privately-insured, 17% were publicly-insured, and 7% were uninsured. Menorrhagia was more prevalent among the publicly-insured (74% vs 68% overall). Fibroids were more prevalent among the privately-insured (62%) and the uninsured (68%). Most privately insured patients were treated at non-academic hospitals (65%) whereas most publicly insured and uninsured patients were treated at academic centers (66 and 86%, respectively). Publicly insured and uninsured patients had higher median bleeding (public: 7.0, uninsured: 9.0, private: 5.0) and pain (public: 6.0, uninsured: 6.0, private: 3.0) symptom scores than the privately insured. There were no statistical differences in surgeon characteristics by payor groups. CONCLUSION: This novel study design, a large EMR-based case series of hysterectomies linked to physician licensing data and manually abstracted data from unstructured clinical notes, enabled identification and characterization of a diverse reproductive-aged patient population more comprehensively than claims data would allow. In subsequent phases of this research, the CHC will leverage these rich clinical data to investigate multilevel drivers of hysterectomy in an ethnoracially, economically, and clinically diverse series of hysterectomy patients.
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Cobertura del Seguro , Cirujanos , Femenino , Humanos , Estados Unidos , Adulto , Pacientes no Asegurados , Hospitales , Histerectomía , Seguro de SaludRESUMEN
Introduction: End-of-Rotation Forms (EORFs) assess resident progress in graduate medical education and are a major component of Clinical Competency Committee (CCC) discussion. Single-institution studies suggest EORFs can detect deficiencies, but both grades and comments skew positive. In this study, we sought to determine whether the EORFs from three programs, including multiple specialties and institutions, produced useful information for residents, program directors, and CCCs. Methods: Evaluations from three programs were included (Program 1, Institution A, Internal Medicine: n = 38; Program 2, Institution A, Anesthesia: n = 9; Program 3, Institution B, Anesthesia: n = 11). Two independent researchers coded each written comment for relevance (specificity and actionability) and orientation (praise or critical) using a standardized rubric. Numeric scores were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: 4869 evaluations were collected from the programs. Of the 77,434 discrete numeric scores, 691 (0.89%) were considered "below expected level." 71.2% (2683/3767) of the total written comments were scored as irrelevant, while 3217 (85.4%) of total comments were scored positive and 550 (14.6%) were critical. When combined, 63.2% (n = 2379) of comments were scored positive and irrelevant while 6.5% (n = 246) were scored critical and relevant. Discussion: <1% of comments indicated below average performance; >70% of comments scored irrelevant. Critical, relevant comments were least frequently observed, consistent across all 3 programs. The low rate of constructive feedback and the high rate of irrelevant comments are inadequate for a CCC to make informed decisions. The consistency of these findings across programs, specialties, and institutions suggests both local and systemic changes should be considered.
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Anestesiología , Internado y Residencia , Humanos , Educación de Postgrado en Medicina , Medicina Interna/educaciónRESUMEN
The recently discovered interaction between presenilin 1 (PS1), a catalytic subunit of γ-secretase responsible for the generation of amyloid-ß(Aß) peptides, and GLT-1, the major glutamate transporter in the brain (EAAT2 in the human) may provide a mechanistic link between two important pathological aspects of Alzheimer's disease (AD): abnormal Aßoccurrence and neuronal network hyperactivity. In the current study, we employed a FRET-based approach, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), to characterize the PS1/GLT-1 interaction in its native environment in the brain tissue of sporadic AD (sAD) patients. There was significantly less interaction between PS1 and GLT-1 in sAD brains, compared to tissue from patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), or non-demented age-matched controls. Since PS1 has been shown to adopt pathogenic "closed" conformation in sAD but not in FTLD, we assessed the impact of changes in PS1 conformation on the interaction. Familial AD (fAD) PS1 mutations which induce a "closed" PS1 conformation similar to that in sAD brain and gamma-secretase modulators (GSMs) which induce a "relaxed" conformation, reduced and increased the interaction, respectively. This indicates that PS1 conformation seems to have a direct effect on the interaction with GLT-1. Furthermore, using biotinylation/streptavidin pull-down, western blotting, and cycloheximide chase assays, we determined that the presence of PS1 increased GLT-1 cell surface expression and GLT-1 homomultimer formation, but did not impact GLT-1 protein stability. Together, the current findings suggest that the newly described PS1/GLT-1 interaction endows PS1 with chaperone activity, modulating GLT-1 transport to the cell surface and stabilizing the dimeric-trimeric states of the protein. The diminished PS1/GLT-1 interaction suggests that these functions of the interaction may not work properly in AD.
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Background: The Clinical Competency Committee (CCC) provides accountability to the general public that physicians completing a training program have achieved competence. CCC processes and features that best identify resident outcomes along a developmental spectrum are not well described. Objective: This study sought to describe CCC features associated with effective and efficient CCC performance. Methods: The study was conducted as part of the 2022 Council of Academic Family Medicine Educational Research Alliance survey of family medicine residency program directors. The survey assessed CCC methods, policies, faculty development, structure, and overall CCC time required. The outcomes were identification of residents along a spectrum of development, from failing to exceeding expectations. Ordinal logistic regressions were used to explore the relationship between CCC characteristics and CCC outcomes. Results: The response rate was 43.3% (291 of 672). Eighty-nine percent (258 of 291) of program directors reported their CCC is successful in identifying residents not meeting expectations; 69.3% (201 of 290) agree their CCC identifies residents who are exceeding expectations. Programs with written policies for synthesizing data (OR=2.53; 95% CI 1.22-5.22; P=.012) and written policies for resident feedback (OR=19.91; 95% CI 3.72-106.44; P<.001) were more likely to report successfully identifying residents below expectations. Programs whose members spent fewer than 3 hours per 6-month interval on CCC meetings were less likely to report being able to identify failing residents (OR=0.37; 95% CI 0.19-0.72; P=.004). Conclusions: This survey of family medicine program directors suggests that formal policies, faculty development, and adequate time for CCC faculty are associated with an effective CCC, especially if goals beyond "identifying failure" are desired.
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Internado y Residencia , Médicos , Humanos , Competencia Clínica , Docentes , Medicina Familiar y ComunitariaRESUMEN
A 45-year-old man presented with nonspecific symptoms caused by a mass compressing the right ventricle. Cardiac computed tomography accurately predicted the operative and pathologic appearance of the mass, and the final diagnosis of an encapsulated cardiac hematoma was confirmed by pathologic examination. This condition is infrequent and mimics a cardiac tumor. (Level of Difficulty: Advanced.).
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether greater symptom severity can explain higher hysterectomy rates among premenopausal non-Hispanic Black compared with White patients in the U.S. South rather than potential overtreatment of Black patients. METHODS: Using electronic health record data from 1,703 patients who underwent hysterectomy in a large health care system in the U.S. South between 2014 and 2017, we assessed symptom severity to account for differences in hysterectomy rates for noncancerous conditions among premenopausal non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic White, and Hispanic patients. We used Poisson generalized linear mixed modeling to estimate symptom severity (greater than the 75th percentile on composite symptom severity scores of bleeding, bulk, or pelvic pain) as a function of race-ethnicity. We calculated prevalence ratios (PRs). We controlled for factors both contra-indicating and contributing to hysterectomy. RESULTS: The overall median age of non-Hispanic White (n=1,050), non-Hispanic Black (n=565), and Hispanic (n=158) patients was 40 years. The White and Black patients were mostly insured (insured greater than 95%), whereas the Hispanic patients were often uninsured (insured 58.9%). White and Black patients were mostly treated outside academic medical centers (nonmedical center: 63.7% and 58.4%, respectively); the opposite was true for Hispanic patients (nonmedical center: 34.2%). Black patients had higher bleeding severity scores compared with Hispanic and White patients (median 8, 7, and 4 respectively) and higher bulk scores (median 3, 1, and 0, respectively), but pain scores differed (median 3, 5, and 4, respectively). Black and Hispanic patients were disproportionately likely to have severe symptoms documented on two or more symptoms (referent: not severe on any symptoms) (adjusted PR [Black vs White] 3.02, 95% CI 2.29-3.99; adjusted PR [Hispanic vs White] 2.61, 95% CI 1.78-3.83). Although Black and Hispanic patients were more likely to experience severe symptoms, we found no racial and ethnic differences in the number of alternative treatments attempted before hysterectomy. CONCLUSION: We did not find evidence of overtreatment of Black patients. Our findings suggest potential undertreatment of Black and Hispanic patients with uterine-sparing alternatives earlier in their disease progression.
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Enfermedades de los Genitales Femeninos , Histerectomía , Gravedad del Paciente , Femenino , Humanos , Población Negra/estadística & datos numéricos , Etnicidad , Hispánicos o Latinos/estadística & datos numéricos , Histerectomía/efectos adversos , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Blanco/estadística & datos numéricos , Premenopausia/etnología , Adulto , Sobretratamiento , Enfermedades de los Genitales Femeninos/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Genitales Femeninos/etnología , Enfermedades de los Genitales Femeninos/cirugíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The human chromosome 19q13.32 is a gene rich region and has been associated with multiple phenotypes, including late onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) and other age-related conditions. OBJECTIVE: Here we developed the first humanized mouse model that contains the entire TOMM40 and APOE genes with all intronic and intergenic sequences including the upstream and downstream regions. Thus, the mouse model carries the human TOMM40 and APOE genes and their intact regulatory sequences. METHODS: We generated the APOE-TOMM40 humanized mouse model in which the entire mouse region was replaced with the human (h)APOE-TOMM40 loci including their upstream and downstream flanking regulatory sequences using recombineering technologies. We then measured the expression of the human TOMM40 and APOE genes in the mice brain, liver, and spleen tissues using TaqMan based mRNA expression assays. RESULTS: We investigated the effects of the '523' polyT genotype (S/S or VL/VL), sex, and age on the human TOMM40- and APOE-mRNAs expression levels using our new humanized mouse model. The analysis revealed tissue specific and shared effects of the '523' polyT genotype, sex, and age on the regulation of the human TOMM40 and APOE genes. Noteworthy, the regulatory effect of the '523' polyT genotype was observed for all studied organs. CONCLUSION: The model offers new opportunities for basic science, translational, and preclinical drug discovery studies focused on the APOE genomic region in relation to LOAD and other conditions in adulthood.
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Enfermedad de Alzheimer , Apolipoproteínas E , Humanos , Animales , Ratones , Apolipoproteínas E/genética , Genotipo , Fenotipo , Intrones , Expresión Génica , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/genética , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Proteínas del Complejo de Importación de Proteínas Precursoras MitocondrialesRESUMEN
One valuable application for generative artificial intelligence (AI) is summarizing research studies for non-academic readers. We submitted five articles to Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) for summarization, and asked the article's author to rate the summaries. Higher ratings were assigned to more insight-oriented activities, such as the production of eighth-grade reading level summaries, and summaries highlighting the most important findings and real-world applications. The general summary request was rated lower. For the field of environmental health science, no-cost AI technology such as ChatGPT holds the promise to improve research translation, but it must continue to be improved (or improve itself) from its current capability.
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BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) applied to cardiac imaging may provide improved processing, reading precision and advantages of automation. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) score testing is a standard stratification tool that is rapid and highly reproducible. We analyzed CAC results of 100 studies in order to determine the accuracy and correlation between the AI software (Coreline AVIEW, Seoul, South Korea) and expert level-3 computed tomography (CT) human CAC interpretation and its performance when coronary artery disease data and reporting system (coronary artery calcium data and reporting system) classification is applied. METHODS: A total of 100 non-contrast calcium score images were selected by blinded randomization and processed with the AI software versus human level-3 CT reading. The results were compared and the Pearson correlation index was calculated. The CAC-DRS classification system was applied, and the cause of category reclassification was determined using an anatomical qualitative description by the readers. RESULTS: The mean age was age 64.5â years, with 48% female. The absolute CAC scores between AI versus human reading demonstrated a highly significant correlation (Pearson coefficient R â =â 0.996); however, despite these minimal CAC score differences, 14% of the patients had their CAC-DRS category reclassified. The main source of reclassification was observed in CAC-DRS 0-1, where 13 were recategorized, particularly between studies having a CAC Agatston score of 0 versus 1. Qualitative description of the errors showed that the main cause of misclassification was AI underestimation of right coronary calcium, AI overestimation of right ventricle densities and human underestimation of right coronary artery calcium. CONCLUSION: Correlation between AI and human values is excellent with absolute numbers. When the CAC-DRS classification system was adopted, there was a strong correlation in the respective categories. Misclassified were predominantly in the category of CACâ =â 0, most often with minimal values of calcium volume. Additional algorithm optimization with enhanced sensitivity and specificity for low values of calcium volume will be required to enhance AI CAC score utilization for minimal disease. Over a broad range of calcium scores, AI software for calcium scoring had an excellent correlation compared to human expert reading and in rare cases determined calcium missed by human interpretation.
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Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria , Aprendizaje Profundo , Humanos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Masculino , Vasos Coronarios/diagnóstico por imagen , Inteligencia Artificial , Calcio , Angiografía Coronaria/métodos , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodosRESUMEN
Cis-regulatory elements control gene expression and are dynamic in their structure, reflecting changes to the composition of diverse effector proteins over time1-3. Here we sought to connect the structural changes at cis-regulatory elements to alterations in cellular fate and function. To do this we developed PRINT, a computational method that uses deep learning to correct sequence bias in chromatin accessibility data and identifies multi-scale footprints of DNA-protein interactions. We find that multi-scale footprints enable more accurate inference of TF and nucleosome binding. Using PRINT with single-cell multi-omics, we discover wide-spread changes to the structure and function of candidate cis-regulatory elements (cCREs) across hematopoiesis, wherein nucleosomes slide, expose DNA for TF binding, and promote gene expression. Activity segmentation using the co-variance across cell states identifies "sub-cCREs" as modular cCRE subunits of regulatory DNA. We apply this single-cell and PRINT approach to characterize the age-associated alterations to cCREs within hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Remarkably, we find a spectrum of aging alterations among HSCs corresponding to a global gain of sub-cCRE activity while preserving cCRE accessibility. Collectively, we reveal the functional importance of cCRE structure across cell states, highlighting changes to gene regulation at single-cell and single-base-pair resolution.
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BACKGROUND: While implantation of an inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) is commonly performed via infrapubic or penoscrotal approaches, the subcoronal (SC) approach for IPP implantation may safely and reliably allow for additional reconstructive procedures through a single incision. AIM: The aim of this study is to report outcomes, including complications, of the SC approach and to determine common characteristics of patients undergoing the SC approach. METHODS: A retrospective chart review from May 11, 2012, to January 31, 2022, was performed at a single, tertiary care institution to identify patients with IPP implantation via the SC approach. OUTCOMES: Postoperative information was reviewed and extracted from all clinic notes available following the date of IPP implantation in the electronic medical record, detailing any complications including wound complications, need for revision or removal, device malfunction, and infections. RESULTS: Sixty-six patients had IPP implantation via the SC approach. Median follow-up duration was 29.4 (interquartile range 14.9-50.1) months. One (1.8%) patient had a simple wound complication. Two (3.6%) experienced postoperative infection of the prosthesis, which resulted in explantation of the device. One of these infected prostheses later experienced partial glans necrosis. Revision for mechanical failure or unsatisfactory cosmetic result was performed in 3 (7.3%) IPPs placed via a SC incision. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The SC approach for implantation of IPP is safe and feasible with low complication and revision rates. It offers urologists an alternative to the classic infrapubic and penoscrotal approaches, both of which would require a second incision for additional reconstructive procedures required to adequately address deformities associated with severe Peyronie's disease. Therefore, urologists who treat these specialized populations of men may benefit from having the SC approach in their array of techniques for IPP implantation. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS: The limitations of this study include its retrospective nature, risk of selection bias, lack of comparison groups, and sample size. This study reports on early experience with the SC approach performed by a single high-volume reconstructive surgeon, who treats a specialized population of patients requiring complex repair during implantation of an IPP, particularly those with Peyronie's disease. CONCLUSION: The SC incision for IPP implantation has low rates of complications and remains our approach of choice for IPP implantation in patients with severe Peyronie's disease, including curvatures >60°, severe indentation with hinge, and grade 3 calcification, which are unlikely to respond adequately to manual modeling alone.
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Disfunción Eréctil , Implantación de Pene , Induración Peniana , Prótesis de Pene , Masculino , Humanos , Implantación de Pene/métodos , Induración Peniana/cirugía , Prótesis de Pene/efectos adversos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Satisfacción del Paciente , Disfunción Eréctil/etiologíaRESUMEN
Generative artificial intelligence, popularized by services like ChatGPT, has been the source of much recent popular attention for publishing health research. Another valuable application is in translating published research studies to readers in non-academic settings. These might include environmental justice communities, mainstream media outlets, and community science groups. Five recently published (2021-2022) open-access, peer-reviewed papers, authored by University of Louisville environmental health investigators and collaborators, were submitted to ChatGPT. The average rating of all summaries of all types across the five different studies ranged between 3 and 5, indicating good overall content quality. ChatGPTâ™s general summary request was consistently rated lower than all other summary types. Whereas higher ratings of 4 and 5 were assigned to the more synthetic, insight-oriented activities, such as the production of a plain language summaries suitable for an 8 th grade reading level and identifying the most important finding and real-world research applications. This is a case where artificial intelligence might help level the playing field, for example by creating accessible insights and enabling the large-scale production of high-quality plain language summaries which would truly bring open access to this scientific information. This possibility, combined with the increasing public policy trends encouraging and demanding free access for research supported with public funds, may alter the role journal publications play in communicating science in society. For the field of environmental health science, no-cost AI technology such as ChatGPT holds the promise to improve research translation, but it must continue to be improved (or improve itself) from its current capability.