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1.
Ann. afr. méd. (En ligne) ; 15(2): e4596-e4603, 2022. tables
Article Fr | AIM | ID: biblio-1366403

Contexte et objectif. La toxoplasmose est une anthropozoonose ubiquitaire qui occupe une large place en médecine humaine et vétérinaire. Mais les données y relatives chez la femme enceinte sont paradoxalement fragmentaires. L'objectif de cette étude était de déterminer la séroprévalence de la toxoplasmose chez les femmes enceintes. Méthodes. Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale réalisée, à la maternité de l'Hôpital du District de Bossembelé, entre juin et septembre 2020. La population d'étude était constituée de femmes enceintes se présentant au laboratoire du District pour la sérologie toxoplasmique. Résultats. Au total, les données sérologiques de 50 femmes enceintes ont été analysées. L'âge moyen était de 25 ± 6 ans (extrème 16 et 40 ans). Les femmes au premier geste (n=20 soit 40 %) et les primipares (n= 30 soit 60 %) étaient prépondérantes. La sérologie était positive chez 15 patientes (30 %). Selon les caractéristiques sociodémographiques, la séroprévalence de la toxoplasmose était plus élevée chez les femmes de 20 à 35 ans (35,2 %), les femmes ayant été enceintes trois fois (88,8 %) et les femmes qui habitent le quartier Onoguia (66,66%). Les IgM étaient plus élevées chez les patients de la tranche d'âge de 20 à 35 ans (n=12), les femmes au 3e geste (n=8), les multipares (n=9) et chez celles habitant Bodoukpa (n=6). Les IgG étaient élevées chez les femmes enceintes de 20 à 35 ans (n=13), les femmes au 3e geste (n=7), les primipares (n=14) et celles habitant le quartier Bodoukpa (n=6). Parmi les patientes étudiées, 16 (32 %) étaient immunisées contre la toxoplasmose. Des 50 femmes, 4 avaient connu un avortement spontané durant les grossesses précédentes. Conclusion. Dans la présente étude, la séroprévalence de la toxoplasmose chez la femme enceinte est très fréquente. Une sensibilisation sur les risques de contamination, une surveillance sérologique systématique et des mesures d'hygiène devraient être proposées lors des consultations prénatales


Context and objective. Toxoplamosis is a ubiquitous anthropozoonosis that occupies a large place in human and veterinary medicine. The objective of the present study was to determine the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women. Methods. This was a cross sectional study involving pregnant women presenting at the laboratory of the Bossembele District Hospital, Central African Republic between June and September 2020 for toxoplasmic serology. Results. A total of 50 pregnant women were examined. The age of patients varied from 16 to 40 years. The average age was 25 ± 6 years. Primigravida (n=20; or 40%) and primiparous women (n=30; or 60%) were more preponderant. Serology was positive in 15 patients (30 %). According to sociodemographic characteristics, the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis was higher among women aged 20 to 35 (35.2 %), women who had been pregnant three times (88.8 %) and women who lived in the Onoguia neighborhood (66.6 %). IgM was higher in patients aged 20 to 35 years (n=12), in 3rd gravida women (n=8), in multiparous (n=9) and in those living in Bodoukpa (n=6). IgG was high in pregnant women aged 20 to 35 years (n=13), in 3rd gravida women (n=7), in primiparous women (n=14) and in those living in the Bodoukpa neighbourhood (n=6). Of the patients in the study, 16 turned out to be immune to toxoplasmosis. Among 50 women, 4 experienced spontaneous abortions during previous pregnancies. Conclusion. The seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in the present study is common. Awareness on the risks of contamination, the systematic serological monitoring and the hygiene measures should be raised during antenatal consultations


Humans , Female , Adult , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Toxoplasmosis, Congenital , Pregnant Women , Abortion, Habitual , Risk Factors
2.
Infect Genet Evol ; 77: 104095, 2020 01.
Article En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31689541

Even if the number of Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) cases from Kinshasa province in DRC is going towards elimination for the last decade, cases still occur in the periphery of the city. The diagnosis of 21 cases in the south periphery of Kinshasa, between 2015 and 2017 gives evidence of the existence of an active focus in this area. Here, we present the results of a punctual entomological survey that was realized in july 2014 in the outskirts of the southeast of Kinshasa. Using pyramidal traps, we caught tsetse flies during 2 days, dissecting the fresh ones for further molecular analysis. The average Apparent Density of flies per Trap and per Day was three with a maximum of 5.6 flies in Nganda PIO. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of the midguts provided evidence of a high prevalence (57.2%) of infected flies. Ninety three percent of the trypanosomes that were identified belonged to the Nanomonas species, but Trypanozoon trypanosomes were also present in 24% of the infected flies, including mixed infections with Nanomonas, including 3 flies carrying Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, the human pathogen of trypanosomiasis. These results show that at the time of the field's study there was an active reservoir of trypanosomes, closed to pigsties, knowing that pig is a potential animal reservoir. It also demonstrates that xenomonitoring using the entomological approach can be an efficient tool for monitoring sleeping sickness. Finally, results are discussed in the frame of WHO's HAT elimination project. Regarding Kinshasa, it points out the need of regular epidemiologic surveys.


Trypanosoma/classification , Trypanosomiasis/epidemiology , Tsetse Flies/parasitology , Animals , DNA, Protozoan/genetics , Democratic Republic of the Congo/epidemiology , Disease Reservoirs/parasitology , Evolution, Molecular , Gastrointestinal Tract/parasitology , Phylogeny , Prevalence , Trypanosoma/genetics , Trypanosoma/isolation & purification , Trypanosoma brucei gambiense/classification , Trypanosoma brucei gambiense/genetics , Trypanosoma brucei gambiense/isolation & purification , Trypanosomiasis/transmission
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