Nomophobia and Its Relationship with Social Anxiety and Procrastination in Nursing Students: An Observational Study.

Nomophobia is a phenomenon that describes the fear of not having one's mobile phone accessible. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of nomophobia among nursing students as well as its relationship with procrastination and social anxiety. METHODS: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 308 nursing students. Data were collected using the Nomophobia Questionnaire, Academic Procrastination Scale-Short Form, and Social Anxiety Questionnaire for Adults. Additionally, sociodemographic variables related to academic performance and smartphone use were collected. We performed a descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analysis of the Nomophobia Questionnaire score. RESULTS: 19.5% (n = 60) of the students presented with or were at high risk of nomophobic behaviour. Moreover, nomophobic behaviour was positively correlated with high levels of social anxiety (p < 0.001), longer daily smartphone usage time (p < 0.001), and a high frequency of smartphone checking in class (p < 0.001). The predictive variables for nomophobic behaviour included age, variables related to smartphone use, social anxiety levels, work, procrastination tendency, sex, and self-reported average grade. CONCLUSION: One out of five students in the sample studied presented with or were at high risk of nomophobic behaviour. Additionally, nomophobic behaviour was associated with social anxiety and variables related to smartphone use. This study was not registered.

Explorando la validez de constructo del índice de Barthel en una muestra de pacientes hospitalizados españoles / Exploring the construct validity of the Barthel index in a sample of Spanish hospitalised patients

Objetivo: Examinar la validez de constructo del índice de Barthel en unidades de hospitalización de adultos. Métodos: Se realizó un análisis secundario en una muestra de 1.342 pacientes adultos ingresados en unidades de hospitalización. El análisis factorial confirmatorio del índice de Barthel no confirma su estructura unidimensional (CFA-1). Se exploraron dos métodos para encontrar una solución con un mejor ajuste. Se realizó la secuencia de los métodos clásicos de análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio (CFA-2). Se realizó un modelo gráfico gaussiano y un análisis factorial confirmatorio (CFA-3). Se compararon tres modelos sobre una base de varios indicadores de bondad de ajuste. Resultados: Los resultados del CFA-1 (χ2 = 161.616; p < 0,001; RMSEA = 0,183) indicaron un mal ajuste entre el modelo y los datos obtenidos. El análisis factorial exploratorio proporcionó un modelo con dos dimensiones que explicaba 86% de la varianza y mejoró el indicador de bondad de ajuste en CFA-2 (χ2 = 846; p < 0,001; RMSEA = 0,133). El modelo gráfico gaussiano ofreció una solución con tres dimensiones que mejoró la bondad de ajuste con respecto a los modelos anteriores al eliminar el ítem continencia vesical (χ2 = 493; p < 0,001; RMSEA = 0,09). Conclusiones: El índice de Barthel no es una medida unidimensional de la capacidad funcional cuando se aplica en unidades de hospitalización de adultos. El modelo que mejor se ajusta tiene una estructura tridimensional (higiene, alimentación y eliminación, movilidad) que se relaciona con los dominios de los cuidados básicos.(AU)

Objective: Examine the construct validity of the Barthel Index in adult inpatient units. Methods: A secondary analysis was performed on a sample of 1342 adult patients admitted to inpatient units. A confirmatory factor analysis of the Barthel Index did not confirm its unidimensional structure (CFA-1). Therefore, two methods were explored to find a solution with a better fit. The sequence of the classical exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis methods was carried out (CFA-2). In contrast, a Gaussian graphical model and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA-3) were performed. Three models were compared on the basis of several goodness-of-fit indicators. Results: CFA-1 results (χ2 = 161616; P < .001; RMSEA = .183) indicated a poor fit between the model and the data. Exploratory factor analysis provided a model with two dimensions that explained 86% of the variance and improved the goodness-of-fit in CFA-2 (χ2 = 846; P < .001; RMSEA = .133). The Gaussian graphical model, by removing the item ‘Bladder’, offered a solution with three dimensions that improved the goodness-of-fit compared to the previous models (χ2 = 492; P < .001; RMSEA = .09). Conclusions: The Barthel Index is not a unidimensional measure of functional capacity when applied to adult inpatient units. The best-fitting model has a three-dimensional structure (Hygiene; Feeding and disposal; Mobility) that relates to the domains of care needs.

Exploring the construct validity of the Barthel index in a sample of Spanish hospitalised patients.

OBJECTIVE: Examine the construct validity of the Barthel Index in adult inpatient units. METHOD: A secondary analysis was performed on a sample of 1342 adult patients admitted to inpatient units. A confirmatory factor analysis of the Barthel Index did not confirm its unidimensional structure (CFA-1). Therefore, two methods were explored to find a solution with a better fit. The sequence of the classical exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis methods was carried out (CFA-2). In contrast, a Gaussian graphical model and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA-3) were performed. Three models were compared on the basis of several goodness-of-fit indicators. RESULTS: CFA-1 results (χ2 = 161,616; P < .001; RMSEA = .183) indicated a poor fit between the model and the data. Exploratory factor analysis provided a model with two dimensions that explained 86% of the variance and improved the goodness-of-fit in CFA-2 (χ2 = 846; P < .001; RMSEA = .133). The Gaussian graphical model, by removing the item 'Bladder', offered a solution with three dimensions that improved the goodness-of-fit compared to the previous models (χ2 = 492; P < .001; RMSEA = .09). CONCLUSION: The Barthel Index is not a unidimensional measure of functional capacity when applied to adult inpatient units. The best-fitting model has a three-dimensional structure (Hygiene; Feeding and disposal; Mobility) that relates to the domains of care needs.

Development and Validation of a Meta-Instrument for the Assessment of Functional Capacity, the Risk of Falls and Pressure Injuries in Adult Hospitalization Units (VALENF Instrument) (Part II).

The nursing assessment is the first step of the nursing process and fundamental to detecting patients' care needs and at-risk situations. This article presents the psychometric properties of the VALENF Instrument, a recently developed meta-instrument with only seven items that integrates the assessment of functional capacity, risk of pressure injuries and risk of falls with a more parsimonious approach to nursing assessment in adult hospitalization units. A cross-sectional study based on recorded data in a sample of 1352 nursing assessments was conducted. Sociodemographic variables and assessments of the Barthel, Braden and Downton instruments were included at the time of admission through the electronic health history. Thus, the VALENF Instrument obtained high content validity (S-CVI = 0.961), construct validity (RMSEA = 0.072; TLI = 0.968) and internal consistency (Ω = 0.864). However, the inter-observer reliability results were not conclusive, with Kappa values ranging between 0.213 and 0.902 points. The VALENF Instrument has adequate psychometric properties (content validity, construct validity, internal consistency and inter-observer reliability) for assessing the level of functional capacity, risk of pressure injuries and risk of falls. Future studies are necessary to establish its diagnostic accuracy.

Development and Validation of the Breastfeeding Literacy Assessment Instrument (BLAI) for Obstetric Women.

BACKGROUND: Despite international efforts to protect and promote exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for infants up to six months of age, global rates of EBF continue to fall short of the targets proposed by the WHO for 2025. Previous studies have shown a relationship between the level of health literacy and the duration of EBF, although this relationship was not determinant, probably due to the use of a generic health literacy questionnaire. Therefore, this study aims to design and validate the first specific breastfeeding literacy instrument. METHODS: A Breastfeeding Literacy instrument was developed. Content validation was carried out by a group of 10 experts in health literacy, breastfeeding or instrument validation, obtaining a Content Validity index in Scale (S-CVI/Ave) of 0.912. A multicentre cross-sectional study was carried out in three Spanish hospitals to determine the psychometric properties (construct validity and internal consistency). The questionnaire was administered to 204 women during the clinical puerperium. RESULTS: The Kaiser-Meier-Oklin Test (KMO = 0.924) and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity (X2 = 3119.861; p ≤ 0.001) confirmed the feasibility of the Exploratory Factor Analysis, which explained 60.54% of the variance with four factors. CONCLUSIONS: The Breastfeeding Literacy Assessment Instrument (BLAI) consisting of 26 items was validated.

Developing and validating an integrated instrument for nursing assessments in adult hospitalization units: Study protocol.

AIMS: To develop and validate an instrument that integrates functional capacity, risk of pressure ulcers and risk of falling with a more parsimonious approach towards nursing assessments in hospitalization units. DESIGN: Cross-sectional validation multicentre study. METHODS: Socio-demographic variables and assessments of Barthel Index, Braden Index and Downton Scale are included via electronic health records. Instrument's development process will include: (i) conceptual assessments; (ii) content validity; (iii) construct validity; (iv) internal consistency and (v) interobserver reliability. The analysis will consider possible differences in medical and surgical hospitalization units, hospitalization type or being a COVID-19 patient. This study was accepted for funding in November 2020 and approved by the Ethics and Research Committee in January 2021. RESULTS: An integrated instrument that lowers the administrative load of nursing assessments and allows at-risk patients to be detected with at least the same validity and reliability as the original instruments is expected to be obtained.

Perinatal mental e-health: What is the profile of pregnant women interested in online assessment of their emotional state?

AIM: This study explores the profile of pregnant women interested in the online assessment of their emotional status according to their sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics, history of psychopathology, and healthcare setting used (private vs. public). DESIGN: This is a comparative and descriptive cross-sectional study. METHOD: Participants were 281 Spanish pregnant women assessed with the MamáFeliz (HappyMom) website. RESULTS: Participants were probably to be unemployed, in a relationship, and generally had a high educational level and an intermediate economic status. Most of them were primiparous, had non-complicated natural pregnancies and presented healthy habits and good physical and emotional health, despite 31.3% of them had a history of psychological treatment. Our results reveal the profile of women interested in the online assessment of their emotional status, which can contribute to improving future initiatives to facilitate rapid screenings of perinatal mental health by nurses in both public and private settings.

Breastfeeding and Obstetric Violence during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in Spain: Maternal Perceptions.

Catalan legislation, a pioneer in Europe, has defined obstetric violence (OV) as "preventing or hindering access to truthful information, necessary for autonomous and informed decision-making". The definition also states that OV can affect physical and mental health, as well as sexual and reproductive health. Some authors have expressed concern about an increase in OV during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. During the pandemic, recommendations were also openly offered on the non-establishment and/or early abandonment of breastfeeding without scientific evidence to support them. Experiencing a traumatic childbirth can influence breastfeeding outcomes. Here, we conducted a cross-sectional study using a self-administered online questionnaire. The sample consisted of women who gave birth in Spain between March 2020 and April 2021. The mean age was 34.41 (±4.23) years. Of the women, 73% were employed, 78.2% had a university education, and almost all were Caucasian. Among the subjects, 3.3% were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy and 1% were diagnosed during delivery. Some of the women (1.6%) were advised to stop breastfeeding in order to be vaccinated. Women diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 during delivery (p = 0.048), belonging to a low social class (p = 0.031), with secondary education (p = 0.029), or who suffered obstetric violence (p < 0.001) perceived less support and that the health care providers were less inclined to resolve doubts and difficulties about breastfeeding. Breastfeeding has been significantly challenged during the pandemic. In addition to all the variables to be considered that make breastfeeding support difficult, we now probably need to add SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and OV.

Development and Validation of a Meta-Instrument for Nursing Assessment in Adult Hospitalization Units (VALENF Instrument) (Part I).

Nursing assessment is the basis for performing interventions that match patient needs, but nurses perceive it as an administrative load. This research aims to develop and validate a meta-instrument that integrates the assessment of functional capacity, risk of pressure ulcers and risk of falling with a more parsimonious approach to nursing assessment in adult hospitalization units. Specifically, this manuscript presents the results of the development of this meta-instrument (VALENF instrument). A cross-sectional study based on recorded data was carried out in a sample of 1352 nursing assessments. Socio-demographic variables and assessments of Barthel, Braden and Downton indices at the time of admission were included. The meta-instrument's development process includes: (i) nominal group; (ii) correlation analysis; (iii) multiple linear regressions models; (iv) reliability analysis. A seven-item solution showed a high predictive capacity with Barthel (R2adj = 0.938), Braden (R2adj = 0.926) and Downton (R2adj = 0.921) indices. Likewise, reliability was significant (p < 0.001) for Barthel (ICC = 0.969; τ-b = 0.850), Braden (ICC = 0.943; τ-b = 0.842) and Downton (ICC = 0.905; κ = 7.17) indices. VALENF instrument has an adequate predictive capacity and reliability to assess the level of functional capacity, risk of pressure injuries and risk of falls.

Integrative review of the literature on screening for gender-based violence during pregnancy: Barriers, facilitators, and tools.

An integrative review of the literature has been developed to explore barriers and facilitators in screening for gender-based violence in pregnant women and identify available tools for this screening. Studies were identified via a systematic search on the PubMed, CINAHL Plus (Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature Complete), Scopus, and LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature) databases and a manual reverse reference search to obtain literature published between 2015 and 2020. The methodology followed the recommendations made by Whittemore & Knafl. The quality of studies was evaluated using the Critical Skills Appraisal Program tool. Twenty-three of the 4202 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The principal barriers identified were lack of training for professionals (mainly nurses and midwives), lack of support policies, and lack of human and material resources. The main facilitators were to increase professional training programs on case detection, availability of effective instruments, and greater investment in resources to guarantee safety and referral of cases. With regard to the available tools, the Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS) continues to be the most widely used, although others such as the Humiliation, Afraid, Rape, and Kick questionnaire (HARK) could be suitable for antenatal care settings.

Obstetric-Neonatal Care during Birth and Postpartum in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Women Infected with SARS-CoV-2: A Retrospective Multicenter Study.

This study analyses the obstetric−neonatal outcomes of women in labour with symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID-19. A retrospective, multicenter, observational study was carried out between 1 March 2020 and 28 February 2021 in eight public hospitals in the Valencian community (Spain). The chi-squared test compared the obstetric−neonatal outcomes and general care for symptomatic and asymptomatic women. In total, 11,883 births were assisted in participating centers, with 10.9 per 1000 maternities (n = 130) infected with SARS-CoV-2. The 20.8% were symptomatic and had more complications both upon admission (p = 0.042) and during puerperium (p = 0.042), as well as transfer to the intensive care unit (ICU). The percentage of admission to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) was greater among offspring of symptomatic women compared to infants born of asymptomatic women (p < 0.001). Compared with asymptomatic women, those with symptoms underwent less labour companionship (p = 0.028), less early skin-to-skin contact (p = 0.029) and greater mother−infant separation (p = 0.005). The overall maternal mortality rate was 0.8%. No vertical transmission was recorded. In conclusion, symptomatic infected women are at increased risk of lack of labour companionship, mother−infant separation, and admission to the ICU, as well as to have preterm births and for NICU admissions.

Characteristics and determinants of the academic goals in nursing education: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Academic goals guide the learning mode of nursing students, focus their objectives and influence the acquisition of skills. However, research on academic goals and related variables is scarce. OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between different sociodemographic and academic variables with the type of academic goal in nursing students at the Universitat Jaume I (Spain). DESIGN: Cross-sectional study conducted between September 2020 and June 2021. SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS: Undergraduate nursing students at Universitat Jaume I (n = 263). METHODS: The Academic Goal Orientation questionnaire was administered. In addition, the variables age, gender, route to university, previous health studies, previous training in critical thinking, degree year and average grade on academic record were collected. A descriptive analysis of the sample and an analysis of the association between variables were performed. In addition, exploratory multinomial logistic regression was performed. RESULTS: The nursing students preferred the Learning Goal (95.8%; n = 263), and this increased among the students as their average grade increased. The results of the multivariate analysis indicated that students with a lower average grade, those from advanced years and those without previous training in critical thinking preferred the Work Avoidance and Self-defeating Ego Goals. CONCLUSION: The preferred goal among the students was learning. The variables that influenced the type of goal were year, average grade and previous training in critical thinking.

Perception of obstetric violence in a sample of Spanish health sciences students: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Obstetric violence is a problem that has grown worldwide, and a particularly worrying one in Spain. Such violence has repercussions for women, and for the professionals who cause them. Preventing this problem seems fundamental. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated how health sciences students perceived obstetric violence. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study conducted between October 2019 and November 2020. PARTICIPANTS: A sample of Spanish health sciences students studying degrees of nursing, medicine, midwifery, and psychology. METHODS: A validated questionnaire was used: Perception of Obstetric Violence in Students (PercOV-S). Socio-demographic and control variables were included. A descriptive and comparative multivariate analysis was performed with the obtained data. RESULTS: 540 questionnaires were completed with an overall mean score of 3.83 points (SD ± 0.63), with 2.83 points (SD ± 0.91) on the protocolised-visible dimension and 4.15 points (SD ± 0.67) on the non-protocolised-invisible obstetric violence dimension. Statistically significant differences were obtained for degree studied (p < 0.001), gender (p < 0.001), experience (p < 0.001), ethnic group (p < 0.001), the obstetric violence concept (p < 0.001) and academic year (p < 0.005). There were three significant multivariate models for the questionnaire's overall score and dimensions. CONCLUSIONS: Health sciences students perceived obstetric violence mainly as non-protocolised aspects while attending women. Degree studied and academic year might be related to perceived obstetric violence.

Prevention of Emotional Disorders and Symptoms Under Health Conditions: A Pilot Study using the Unified Protocol in a Fertility Unit

Los trastornos emocionales (TE) son frecuentes durante los tratamientos de fertilidad. El Protocolo Unificado (PU) es una intervención transdiagnóstica que ha demostrado su eficacia en la prevención de TE en condiciones médicas. El objetivo de este estudio piloto es:1) mejorar la disregulación emocional para prevenir síntomas ansiosos y depresivos en mujeres en tratamiento de inseminación artificial (IA); 2) evaluar la acepta-bilidad (satisfacción y adherencia). Método: 5 mujeres en tratamiento de IA, sin diagnóstico clínico, respondieron a medidas de estado de ánimo (ansiedad y depresión),afecto,calidad de vida y regulación emocional en el pre-y post-evaluación, y en los seguimientos a los 1, 3 y 6 meses. La adap-tación preventiva del PU se basó en la aplicación de 6 sesiones presenciales grupales de 2 horas de duración. La situación generada por la COVID-19 provocó el cambio al formato online para finalizar el programa. Resultados: las mujeres no desarrollaron TE, no se encontraron diferencias pre-post y pre-seguimientos estadísticamente significativas en ansiedad, depresión, ca-lidad de vida y disregulación emocional (p>.050). Se observa una tenden-cia a la mejoría en la evaluación post-programa. Conclusiones: Parece que programas como el PU, centrado en factores terapéuticos compartidos, ha tenido un efecto emocional preventivo durante IA.(AU)

Emotional Disorders (EDs) are common in women who under-go fertility treatments. The Unified Protocol (UP) is a transdiagnostic in-tervention that has demonstrated efficacy in preventing EDs under differ-ent health conditions. The aim of this pilot study is to: 1) improve emo-tional dysregulation for the prevention of anxiety and depressive symp-toms in women undergoing intrauterine inseminations (IUI); 2) assess their acceptability (e.g., satisfaction and adherence rates). Method: Five women undergoing IUI, with no clinical diagnoses, responded to measures of mood (anxiety and depression), affect, quality of life and emotional dysregulation in the pre-and post-assessments, and at the 1-, 3-and 6-month follow-ups. The UP was adapted to be applied during six face-to-face group sessions lasting 2 h. The COVID-19 pandemic situation im-plied changing to an online format to end the program. Results: The re-sults showed that women did not develop EDs, and no statistically signifi-cant pre-post and pre-follow-up differences werefound for anxiety, de-pression,quality of life and emotional dysregulation (all p>.050). A ten-dency towards improvement in the post-assessment evaluation was noted. Satisfaction with the format and UP program was high. Conclusions: It would seem that programs focusing on therapeutic common factors like the UP could have an emotional preventive effect during IUI.(AU)

Student satisfaction level, clinical learning environment, and tutor participation in primary care clinical placements: An observational study.

BACKGROUND: Competence evaluations in the clinical setting represent approximately 50% of the nurse training process. Factors, such as perceived learning environment and clinical nurse participation, may influence nursing student satisfaction during clinical placements. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between the levels of nursing student satisfaction with clinical placements, the clinical learning environment, and the level of nurse tutor participation. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: We included 61 nursing students and 45 clinical nurses from 35 primary care centres assigned to the Universitat Jaume I. VARIABLES AND DATA COLLECTION: We assessed the overall level of student satisfaction with clinical placements, students' perception of the learning environment, tutors' level of participation, and socio-demographic variables. DATA ANALYSIS: We performed a descriptive analysis of the study sample, as well as correlation and simple linear regression analyses. Questionnaire results were analysed depending on the nature of the variables. RESULTS: The students' perception of the learning environment was 4.39 ± 0.48 points out of 5. The overall satisfaction level was 8.89 ± 1.22 points out of 10. Tutor participation level in students learning was 3.91 ± 0.58 points out of 5. CONCLUSIONS: Both student perception of the learning environment in the clinical setting and their overall level of satisfaction with clinical placements in the primary care centres were considered high. Tutors were participative, but poorly satisfied.

Necessary political competences for nurses from the perception of the student body: Cross-sectional study in Spain.

BACKGROUND: Nursing should have a fundamental role in the development of health policies. The current state of the educational system regarding leadership-related skills and political competence in nursing students is a field to explore. OBJECTIVES: To explore Spanish nursing students' perceptions about their political competence. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study that was carried out between December 2019 and June 2020. SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS: Students of the Degree in Nursing at the Universitat Jaume I (Spain). METHODS: An ad hoc scale composed of 33 items was designed. Sociodemographic variables of interest for the study were collected, such as participation in organizations. A descriptive analysis of the sample and the scale and a bivariate analysis were carried out. RESULTS: 91.8% (n = 90) of items were answered by women. The 2nd (40.8%, n = 40) and 4th (29.6%, n = 29) courses were the most represented. 29.6% (n = 29) belonged to some association or organization, with sports (31.1%, n = 9), NGOs (17.2%, n = 5), cultural (17.2%, n = 5) and student organizations (13.8%, n = 4) being the most represented. Within these associations, 48.3% (n = 14) of participants claimed to have an active role. Statistically significant differences were observed by course in the Political Knowledge category (p = 0.030). The variables "belonging to an organization" and "having an active role" in it seemed to have more influence on the scale than the rest of the sociodemographic variables. CONCLUSIONS: Learning strategies must benefit from skills and prior experiences of students to strengthen new learning. It also seems to be important to emphasize that the theoretical basis is important, but that promoting civic participation among students can be very relevant for the acquisition of political competence.

Validation of the attitudes to patient safety questionnaire for nursing students in the Spanish context.

BACKGROUND: There are different instruments to assess the attitudes of nursing students towards patient safety. However, no questionnaire validated in Spanish with this objective was identified. The objective of this study was to validate the Attitudes to Patient Safety (APS) questionnaire for nursing students in Spain and to study the attitudes towards patient safety of nursing students at the Universitat Jaume I (Spain). DESIGN: Cross-sectional psychometric study developed in a sample of 177 undergraduate nursing students. The study was carried out in the second semester of 2016. METHODS: First, a nominal group was created to perform cross-cultural adaptation and determine content validity of the Attitude to Patient Safety Questionnaire (APQS-III). Second, a cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the psychometric properties of the questionnaire and to study nursing student attitudes towards patient safety. RESULTS: Exploratory factorial analysis explained 53.82 % of the variance, with good internal consistency (α = 0.808), and confirmatory factor analysis indicate an adequate fit between the model and the data (χ2 = 366; p < 0.001; χ2/df = 1.886; RMSEA = 0.07; IC95 %=0.059-0.081; CFI = 0.885). Intra-observer reliability was good (ICC = 0.792, p < 0.001). The mean overall score of the questionnaire was 3.92 (95 % CI = 3.88-4.03). Significant differences were observed regarding whether the students had completed a clinical practicum (p = 0.012) and the academic year (p = 0.25). CONCLUSIONS: The psychometric properties of the APS questionnaire adapted for Spanish nursing students are adequate. Students show an adequate attitude towards patient safety; however, it is necessary to develop a strategy to guarantee the acquisition of competency for patient safety as well as to design and evaluate specific educational interventions.

Breastfeeding knowledge in university nursing students. A multicentre study in Spain.

BACKGROUND: Exclusive breastfeeding is one of the main health and infant survival elements. To start and maintain breastfeeding, health professionals must receive culturally sensitive evidence-based breastfeeding training to offer future mothers the required information and support. While studying the nursing degree, acquiring the necessary knowledge and skills to successfully perform this work is essential. OBJECTIVE: Study the level of nursing students' breastfeeding knowledge at three Spanish public universities; explore which variables are related to acquire this knowledge. DESIGN: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional multicentre study. METHODS: Participants were the students registered for the 4 nursing degree years at the three participating universities (N = 1540). They were asked about their breastfeeding knowledge with the self-administered AprendeLact Questionnaire; breastfeeding-related socio-demographic variables were included. RESULTS: The overall mean score of the 684 returned questionnaires was 4.659 (±2.377) out of 10. The year-4 students from the Castellón university obtained significantly higher mean scores and had been on practicals in maternity or neonatology units, belonged to breastfeeding associations and were artificially fed as infants. University belonged to, current academic year and placements in maternity or neonatology units were relevant factors for acquiring breastfeeding knowledge. CONCLUSIONS: Syllabi based on progressive transversal learning, and participating in real maternity-related health settings, could be facilitating strategies to acquire a suitable level of breastfeeding knowledge.

Spanish nursing and medical students' knowledge, confidence and willingness about COVID-19: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 challenges world governments. In Spain, measures to contain the pandemic are novel, and include the possibility of contracting Nursing and Medical students who might not be ready or willing to treat infected cases. OBJECTIVES: To study Spanish Nursing and Medical students' knowledge about COVID-19 community transmission prevention measures, treating infected patients, and their confidence and willingness to treat cases. To learn their views about the first public health policy measures adopted by the Spain government to contain the pandemic. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS: 237 Spanish Nursing and Medical students. METHODS: An online questionnaire was designed on the knowledge, confidence and willingness to treat, and the suitability of the public health policy measures adopted in Spain. The data were collected through social networks. The results were compared according to their university degree. RESULTS: Knowledge about community prevention was suitable, unlike knowledge about treating infected patients. Students had little confidence in treating cases, but their willingness and moral responsibility were high. Very few significant differences were found in their university degrees. Medical students evaluated the measures taken in Spain more favorably. CONCLUSIONS: Students' knowledge about COVID-19 community prevention measures was adequate, but not about preventive measures when treating patients with COVID-19. They felt little confidence despite being willing to treat infected patients. The sample agreed with the public health measures adopted in Spain.

Obstetric Violence in Spain (Part III): Healthcare Professionals, Times, and Areas.

BACKGROUND: Obstetric violence is a worldwide public health problem, which seems greater in Spain. As no studies were found that identify the most representative healthcare professionals, times, and areas involved in obstetric violence, the objective of this work was to study at what time of maternity, with which professionals, and in what areas women identified obstetric violence. METHODS: This descriptive, retrospective, and cross-sectional study was performed from January 2018 to June 2019. The main variables were the area (hospital, primary care, both), the time (pregnancy, birth, puerperium), and the professionals attending to women. RESULTS: Our sample comprised 17,541 participants. The area identified with the most obstetric violence for the different studied variables was hospitals. Women identified more obstetric violence at time of birth. Findings such as lack of information and informed consent (74.2%), and criticism of infantile behavior and treatment (87.6%), stood out. The main identified healthcare professionals were midwives and gynecologists, and "other" professionals repeatedly appeared. CONCLUSIONS: Having identified the professionals, times, and areas of most obstetric violence in Spain, it seems necessary to reflect on not only the Spanish National Health System's structure and management but also on healthcare professionals' training.