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1.
PLoS One ; 19(5): e0300354, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38691559

RESUMEN

Oral cancer (OC) is the most common cancer in Pakistani males and the second most common in females. Major risk factors include peculiar chewing habits, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and molecular pathways. However, less data is available for this avertible cancer regarding its association with high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) and chewing habits in this region. Therefore, this study was done to determine the prevalence of HR-HPV in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its correlation with p16 and chewing habits. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) biopsy specimens of 186 samples were tested for HR-HPV type 16/18 by PCR, followed by p16 immunostaining (IHC) in a subset of cases (n = 50). Appropriate statistical tests were applied to find the association between HR-HPV/p16 and peculiar chewing habits with significance criteria of p<0.05 with 95% CI. HR-HPV (type 16 &18) was present in seven out of 186 cases (3.8%). Of these seven cases, five were positive for HPV16, whereas two were positive for HPV16/18. The overall expression of p16 protein in 50 samples was 38% (n = 19), and among these 19-IHC positive samples, 26% were positive for HR-HPV DNA. No significant association was found between HR-HPV positivity and p16 and chewing habits (p>0.05). It was concluded that HR-HPV prevalence in OSCC was very low in our population, with no statistically significant correlation with p16 and chewing habits. These results suggest the role of HR-HPV as an independent risk factor in OSCC in the local setting.


Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Papillomavirus Humano 16 , Neoplasias de la Boca , Infecciones por Papillomavirus , Humanos , Neoplasias de la Boca/virología , Neoplasias de la Boca/epidemiología , Masculino , Femenino , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/virología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Adulto , Papillomavirus Humano 16/genética , Papillomavirus Humano 16/aislamiento & purificación , Inhibidor p16 de la Quinasa Dependiente de Ciclina/metabolismo , Factores de Riesgo , Anciano , Papillomavirus Humano 18/aislamiento & purificación , Papillomavirus Humano 18/genética , Masticación , Pakistán/epidemiología , Virus del Papiloma Humano
2.
PLoS One ; 15(8): e0236359, 2020.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32760151

RESUMEN

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has the highest prevalence in head and neck cancers and is the first and second most common cancer in males and females of Pakistan respectively. Major risk factors include peculiar chewing habits like areca nut, betel quid, and tobacco. The majority of OSCC presents at an advanced stage with poor prognosis. On the face of such a high burden of this preventable cancer, there is a relative lack of recent robust data and its association with known risk factors from Pakistan. The aim of this study was to identify the socioeconomic factors and clinicopathological features that may contribute to the development of OSCC. A total of 186 patients diagnosed and treated at a tertiary care hospital, Karachi Pakistan were recruited. Clinicopathological and socioeconomic information was obtained on a structured questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was done for demographics and socioeconomic status (SES) while regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between SES and chewing habits, tumor site, and tumor stage. The majority of patients were males and the mean age of OSCC patients was 47.62±12.18 years. Most of the patients belonged to low SES (68.3%) and 77.4% were habitual of chewing. Gender (male) and SES were significantly associated with chewing habits (p<0.05). Odds of developing buccal mucosa tumors in chewers (of any type of substance) and gutka users were 2 and 4 times higher than non-chewers respectively. Middle age, chewing habits, and occupation were significantly associated with late stage presentation of OSCC (p<0.05). In conclusion, male patients belonging to low SES in their forties who had chewing habits for years constituted the bulk of OSCC. Buccal mucosa was the most common site in chewers and the majority presented with late stage tumors.


Asunto(s)
Areca/toxicidad , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/epidemiología , Masticación , Mucosa Bucal/patología , Neoplasias de la Boca/epidemiología , Tabaco sin Humo/toxicidad , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pakistán/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Factores Socioeconómicos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Centros de Atención Terciaria , Tabaquismo
3.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev ; 19(6): 1735-1738, 2018 Jun 25.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29938474

RESUMEN

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene can be oncogenic either by forming fusion with other genes, amplification of the gene or by having mutations. ALK rearrangement can either be detected by standard "fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)" or "immunohistochemistry (IHC)". Objective of this study was to record the prevalence of ALK rearrangement in adenocarcinoma of Primary Lung origin and compare it with ALK-IHC staining. Data of 64 patients of lung adenocarcinoma from 2015-2017 was analyzed. All of the FFPE biopsies were tested for EGFR (qPCR) followed by ALK rearrangement (by FISH and IHC) on EGFR negative samples. Out of 64 samples, 21.8% (14) showed EGFR mutations and 14% (7/50) were positive for ALK rearrangement when checked by FISH. In IHC testing for ALK (FISH positive) 8% (4/50) showed positivity. In conclusion ALK-FISH positive cases are higher than other studies likely due to the relatively small sample size. FISH testing was found to be more sensitive than IHC; one reason may be the low level of ALK. Our study warrants that currently FISH remains the gold standard for screening of ALK gene rearrangements.


Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/genética , Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , Reordenamiento Génico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Proteínas Tirosina Quinasas Receptoras/genética , Proteínas Tirosina Quinasas Receptoras/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma/secundario , Quinasa de Linfoma Anaplásico , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Hibridación Fluorescente in Situ , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Pronóstico
4.
J Cancer Res Ther ; 10(4): 819-33, 2014.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25579514

RESUMEN

Bystander effects (BSEs) have been investigated for a long time but without much deliberation as to the cause in targeted cells and the subsequent effect in naïve cells. BSEs have traditionally been associated with radiation. Currently, this phenomenon is at a juncture where nuclear DNA damage is being debated as either essential or nonessential. If DNA damage is essential for the bystander signal (BSS) production then, this raises a number of questions about, radiotherapy and chemotherapy of cancer patients. This review presents a detailed analysis of the work done to investigate nuclear DNA damage versus exclusively cytoplasmic targeting with ionizing radiations and measurement of bystander end-points in naïve cells. The review also analyzes some of the research work done to investigate cell models that were developed specifically to study and track radiation-induced DNA damage to construct mutation spectra. Production of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species as possible candidates of the elusive BSS are also discussed besides the signal transduction pathways implicated in reception of a BSS by the naïve cell.


Asunto(s)
Efecto Espectador/efectos de la radiación , Daño del ADN/efectos de la radiación , Radiación Ionizante , Animales , Daño del ADN/genética , Humanos , Estrés Oxidativo/fisiología
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