Characterizing graphene oxide waste stream and assessing its impact on anaerobic co-digestion with municipal sludge.

This study evaluated anaerobic co-digestion as a promising strategy for managing organic-contaminated waste streams generated from nanomaterial synthesis. The novel approach enabled precise quantification of organic content, efficient biomethane recovery, and a sustainable redirection of ethanol-contaminated graphene oxide (GO) dispersions. The proposed method achieved high accuracy (93-97%) in detecting organic content in ethanol-contaminated GO dispersions, significantly outperforming the conventional total chemical oxygen demand (tCOD) method, which only reached 75-77% accuracy. Additionally, co-digestion of trace ethanol content in GO dispersions with municipal sludge substantially enhanced methane production kinetics, resulting in a 17.6% increase in specific methane yield (per tCOD added) and a 284% increase in total methane production. Parallel anaerobic digestion (AD) experiments using conductive GO nanosheets (without ethanol) revealed the synergistic impact of GO nanosheets and trace ethanol content as a key mechanism driving these improvements. Furthermore, the study provided evidence of the biological reduction of GO and its magnetite-decorated counterpart, magnetic GO, as indicated by a shift in the ID/IG ratio from 1.06 to 0.77 and a G-band shift from 1606 cm⁻1-1565 cm⁻1. This reduction decreased the stability of nanosheets in the AD liquid phase, promoting their partitioning into the solid phase. This process facilitates the adsorption of the GO phase within the digestate and allows for the slow release of micronutrients when used as soil amendments.

Adipose Tissue Dysfunction Following Trauma and Hypoxia Increases the Risk of Post-Surgical Adhesion: Potential for Therapeutic Interventions.

Post-surgical adhesion is a medical challenge, especially following abdominal and pelvic surgeries. This refers to the formation of fibrotic scars that form from connective tissue in the gynecological tract or abdominal cavity. Dysfunctional adipose tissue (AT) by surgical injuries and hypoxia increases the risk of post-surgical adhesion through different molecular mechanisms. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and Hypoxia-induced factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) produced during surgery trauma and hypoxia induce AT dysfunction to promote inflammation, oxidative stress, metabolic alterations, and profibrotic pathways, which contribute to post-surgical adhesions. HIF-1α and DAMPs can be considered therapeutic targets to prevent AT dysfunction and diminish the formation of adhesions in obese patients undergoing abdominal or pelvic surgeries.

The effect of high-intensity interval training on type 2 diabetic muscle: A metabolomics-based study.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on muscle metabolism in rats with type 2 diabetes (T2D) using metabolomics approaches. Methods: 20 male Wistar rats at the age of 8 weeks-were assigned to four groups of five, each in the group randomly: control (CTL), type 2 diabetes (DB), HIIT (EX), and type 2 diabetes + HIIT (DBX). T2D was induced by two months of a high-fat diet plus a single dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg). Rats in the EX and DBX groups performed eight weeks of HIIT (running at 80-100 % of Vmax, 4-10 intervals). NMR spectroscopy was used to determine the changes in the muscle metabolome profile after training. Results: Changes in metabolite abundance following exercise revealed distinct clustering in multivariate analysis. The essential metabolite changes between the DB and CTL groups were arginine metabolism, purine metabolism, phosphate pathway, amino sugar metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. However, Arginine biosynthesis, pyrimidine metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, and alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism were altered between the DBX and DB groups. Conclusion: These results suggest that eight weeks of HIIT could reverse metabolic changes induced by T2D in rat muscles, contributing to reduced FBG and HOMA-IR levels.

Chemistry, applications, and future prospects of structured liquids.

Structured liquids are emerging functional soft materials that combine liquid flowability with solid-like structural stability and spatial organization. Here, we delve into the chemistry and underlying principles of structured liquids, ranging from nanoparticle surfactants (NPSs) to supramolecular assemblies and interfacial jamming. We then highlight recent advancements related to the design of intricate all-liquid 3D structures and examine their reconfigurability. Additionally, we demonstrate the versatility of these soft functional materials through innovative applications, such as all-liquid microfluidic devices and liquid microreactors. We envision that in the future, the vast potential of the liquid-liquid interface combined with human creativity will pave the way for innovative platforms, exemplified by current developments like liquid batteries and circuits. Although still in its nascent stages, the field of structured liquids holds immense promise, with future applications across various sectors poised to harness their transformative capabilities.

3D-Printed Interfacially Jammed Emulsion Aerogels.

3D printing ultralightweight porous structures using direct ink writing (DIW) while maintaining their mechanical robustness is highly challenging. This difficulty is amplified when low ink concentrations are used to create complex geometries. Herein, this shortfall was addressed by interfacially jammed emulsion gels. The gel emerged from the electrostatic interaction among synergized nanomaterials (graphene oxide (GO) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs)) in the aqueous phase and a ligand in the oil phase. This interaction led to the jamming of the nanoparticles and the creation of stable emulsion gels. The formed interfacial assemblies were further treated by post-jamming ionic cross-linking with NaHCO3, which dictated the emulsion gels' rheological characteristics, enhancing the ink's viscoelastic properties for high-resolution 3D printing. The customizable emulsion system allows control over porosity from the macro- to the micro-scale and generates complex geometries with desired compositions. By manipulating post-annealing processes and varying concentrations, it is possible to achieve aerogels that feature a remarkably low density (∼2.63 mg/cm3) and adjustable mechanical robustness (elastic modulus of 0.45 MPa). Additionally, this method allows for producing aerogels with flexible or stiff characteristics as required, alongside the capability to tailor specific electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (ranging from 6791 to 19615 dB cm2/g), showcasing the technique's versatility and engineerability.

The Role of Local Angiotensin II/Angiotensin Type 1 Receptor in Endometriosis: A Potential Target for New Treatment Approaches

Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder described by the presence of functional endometrial-like tissues at extra-uterine locations that are related to chronic pelvic pain and infertility. Multiple molecular mechanisms, including inflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, fibrotic reactions, and angiogenesis, are involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis; however, the exact cause of this disorder still remains a matter of discussion. Recently, it has been shown that the local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been expressed in different tissues, like the gynecological tract, and alterations in its expression are associated with multiple pathological conditions like endometriosis. Angiotensin II (Ang II), as a main peptide of the RAS through angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R), upregulates signal transduction pathways such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen activation protein kinase (MAPK), and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-ß) to promote inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrogenesis. Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) control high blood pressure, which is increased by excessive AT1R activity. Recently, it has been recognized that ARBs have tissue protective effects because of their anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects. In this review, we focused on the role of local Ang II/AT1R axis activity in endometriosis pathogenesis and justified the use of ARB agents as a potential therapeutic strategy to improve endometriosis.

The Association between Serum Follistatin-like Proteins and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Follistatin-like proteins (FSTLs) are adipomyokines secreted by adipocytes and myocytes. Previous studies have reported an increase in circulating FSTL1 levels in response to cardiovascular injuries. In this study, we conducted a systematic review and metaanalysis to assess the association between circulating FSTLs and Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs). METHODS: We performed a comprehensive literature search using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase databases. After screening the articles, we selected eligible studies, extracted relevant data, and calculated the pooled Standardized Mean Difference (SMD). We also conducted a sensitivity analysis to identify sources of heterogeneity and assessed publication bias. RESULTS: Among the 577 articles initially retrieved, we included 5 studies comprising a total of 941 cases with CVDs and 446 controls. All included studies measured FSTL1 levels. The pooled SMD analysis revealed a significant difference in circulating FSTL1 levels between subjects with CVDs and control groups (SMD = 0.853, 95% CI = 0.158-1.548, P = 0.016). Heterogeneity was primarily attributed to a single study that measured FSTL1 levels in heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction. No publication bias was observed. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate significantly higher levels of FSTL1 in patients with CVD compared to control subjects. This suggests that FSTL1 may have potential as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in CVDs. However, further well-designed studies are needed to validate its clinical utility.

The Therapeutic Potential of Targeting the Connexin43 as a New Approach to Reducing Post-surgical Adhesion

Post-surgical peritoneal adhesions are a serious problem causing complications, such as bowel obstruction, infertility, and pain. There are currently no effective ways of preventing post-surgical adhesions. Excess secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and profibrotic molecules by immune cells and adherent fibroblasts are the main mechanism that promotes post-operative fibrotic scars. Although many studies have been conducted on the pathological causes of this disorder, there are still many unknown facts in this matter, so assessment of the role of different molecules in causing inflammation and adhesion can lead to the creation of new treatment methods. Connexins are a group of proteins related to gap junctions that have a role in cell communication and transmitted signaling between adjacent cells. Between different types of connexin protein isoforms, connexin43 is known to be involved in pathological conditions related to inflammation and fibrosis. Recent studies have reported that inhibition of connexin43 has the potential to reduce inflammation and fibrosis by reducing the expression of molecules like α-SMA and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) that are involved in the early stages of adhesion formation. As well as, inhibition of connexin43 may have therapeutic potential as a target to prevent post-surgical peritoneal adhesions.

Lysyl Oxidase-like 2 Dysregulation Increases the Risk of Post-Operative Fibrotic Scars Formation in the Female Reproductive Tract: A Novel Therapeutic Target to Reduce Fibrogenesis.

The formation of fibrotic bands in female reproductive system, including the uterus, after abdominal and pelvic surgeries, is an important medical challenge associated with many complications, including infertility and pain. Investigating the role of different molecules involved in fibrosis and adhesion formation may help in the development of new drugs to prevent this disorder. Lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LoxL2) is a copper-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the cross-linking of collagen and elastin fibers in the extracellular matrix (ECM) to stabilize ECM. Dysregulation of LoxL2 activity resulting from tissue hypoxia and inflammation after gynecological surgeries in the female reproductive tract increases collagen fibers cross-linking and promotes fibrosis. It has been shown that targeting LoxL2 by Lox inhibitors may reduce fibrosis. Considering the expression of LoxL2 in female reproductive organs and its dysregulation in hypoxia and inflammation, it is possible that LoxL2 has therapeutic potential as a drug target in the prevention of adhesions. In this review, we discuss the role of LoxL2 in the promotion of fibrotic processes focusing on its link with inflammatory and hypoxic conditions. We also justify the use of anti- LoxL2 agents as a potential therapeutic strategy for the prevention of post-surgical scar formation.

Structural Design for EMI Shielding: From Underlying Mechanisms to Common Pitfalls.

Modern human civilization deeply relies on the rapid advancement of cutting-edge electronic systems that have revolutionized communication, education, aviation, and entertainment. However, the electromagnetic interference (EMI) generated by digital systems poses a significant threat to the society, potentially leading to a future crisis. While numerous efforts are made to develop nanotechnological shielding systems to mitigate the detrimental effects of EMI, there is limited focus on creating absorption-dominant shielding solutions. Achieving absorption-dominant EMI shields requires careful structural design engineering, starting from the smallest components and considering the most effective electromagnetic wave attenuating factors. This review offers a comprehensive overview of shielding structures, emphasizing the critical elements of absorption-dominant shielding design, shielding mechanisms, limitations of both traditional and nanotechnological EMI shields, and common misconceptions about the foundational principles of EMI shielding science. This systematic review serves as a scientific guide for designing shielding structures that prioritize absorption, highlighting an often-overlooked aspect of shielding science.

Liquid-templated graphene aerogel electromagnetic traps.

For decades, the inherently reflective nature of metallic electromagnetic (EM) shields and their induced secondary EM pollution have posed significant challenges for sensitive electronics. While numerous efforts have been made to develop superior EM shielding systems, the issue of reflection dominancy in metallic substrates remains unresolved. Herein, we addressed this long-lasting obstacle by pairing metallic shields with ultra-lightweight (density of 3.12-3.40 mg cm-3) elastic anti-reflection aerogels, altering their shielding mechanism from dominant reflection (reflectance >0.8) to absorption (absorbance >0.7) by trapping EM waves inside the aerogel. The aerogel EM traps were generated using interfacial complexation, yielding engineerable filamentous liquid structures. These served as templates for aerogel creation through a follow-up process of freezing and lyophilization. The engineerable lossy medium of aerogels benefits from a multi-scale porous construct with the combined action of dielectric and conduction losses, highly dissipating the EM waves and minimizing the reflections. Notably, declining the diameter of aerogel filaments promoted its absorption dominancy, rendering it a potent dissipating medium for EM waves. Pairing a metallic substrate with filamentous aerogel EM traps has resulted in an exceptionally effective absorption-dominant shielding system, achieving absorbance levels between 0.70-0.81. This system offers a shielding effectiveness of 53-89 dB within the X-band frequency range. This innovation addresses a persistent issue in shielding science related to the reflective characteristics of metallic substrates, effectively inhibiting their induced EM reflections.

The Role of Local Angiotensin II/Angiotensin Type 1-receptor Mechanisms in Adipose Tissue Dysfunction to Promote Pancreatic Cancer.

Obesity and adipose tissue dysfunction are important risk factors for pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal cancers globally. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is expressed in many tissues, including adipose tissue. Dysregulation of angiotensin II and angiotensin II receptors in adipose tissue through the activation of different signaling pathways leads to adipose tissue dysfunction, including insulin resistance, adipose tissue inflammation, adipocytokines secretion, and metabolic alterations. The pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer remains uncertain. However, there is evidence that dysregulation of local angiotensin II in adipose tissue that occurs in association with obesity is, in part, responsible for the initiation and progression of pancreatic cancer. Due to the role of local angiotensin II in the dysfunction of adipose tissue, angiotensin receptor blockers may be considered a new therapeutic strategy in the amelioration of the complications related to adipose tissue dysfunction and prevention of pancreatic cancer. This review aims to consider the biological roles of local angiotensin II and angiotensin II receptors in adipose tissue dysfunction to promote pancreatic cancer progression with a focus on adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic reprogramming.

Elucidating the Role of Pro-renin Receptors in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Progression: A Novel Therapeutic Target in Cancer Therapy.

Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy with a very poor prognosis. The 5- year survival in these patients is very low, and most patients develop drug resistance to current therapies, so additional studies are needed to identify the potential role of new drug targets for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Recent investigations have been performed regarding the roles of pro-renin receptors (PRR) in the initiation and development of cancers. PRR is a component of the local renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Local tissue RAS has been known in diverse organ systems, including the pancreas. Various investigations have implicated that PRRs are associated with the upregulation of various signaling pathways, like the renin-angiotensin system pathway, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and the Wnt-signaling pathways, to contribute to pathological conditions, including cancer. In this review, we presented an overview of the role of PRR in the progression of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Evaluation of the diagnostic value of Sentinel Lymph Node in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma.

Objectives: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has been proven as a safe and efficient procedure in some cancers like breast cancer and melanoma with a reduction of complications and side effects of unnecessary lymphadenectomy in many patients. However, the diagnostic value of SLNB in gastric cancer is a point of debate. This study evaluated the diagnostic value of SLNB using radiotracer and isosulphan blue dye injection in patients with Gastric Adenocarcinomas (GA). Methods: This descriptive study was performed at Imam-Reza HOSPITAL on 39 patients diagnosed with GA with no lymphatic metastasis using two methods: the combination of radionuclide with isosulphan together (R&I) method compared with the isosulphan alone method. Lymphatic dissection was performed in all patients. The pathological results were compared between the sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) and other lymph nodes and their accordance rate was calculated. Results: In the T1 group, the sentinel lymph node biopsy detection rate was 100% for the combination of the R&I method and 60% for the isosulphan method and the false negative rate was zero. These values respectively were 88.8% and 88.8% in the T2 group with a false negative rate of 75%. In the T3 group, the values were 100% for the combination of the R&I method and 93.7% for the isosulphan method with a false negative rate of 40%. In the combination of the R&I method, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 57.9, 100, 100, and 69.2 percent respectively. Conclusion: Based on the false negative rate (47.4%), SLNB by injection of isosulphan blue dye alone is not a diagnostic enough value for predicting lymph node metastasis in GA. Although, SLNB by combination of the R&I had better accuracy compared to the isosulphan alone, more studies with larger samples are needed to prove this result.

Bioresource Polymer Composite for Energy Generation and Storage: Developments and Trends.

The ever-growing demand of human society for clean and reliable energy sources spurred a substantial academic interest in exploring the potential of biological resources for developing energy generation and storage systems. As a result, alternative energy sources are needed in populous developing countries to compensate for energy deficits in an environmentally sustainable manner. This review aims to evaluate and summarize the recent progress in bio-based polymer composites (PCs) for energy generation and storage. The articulated review provides an overview of energy storage systems, e. g., supercapacitors and batteries, and discusses the future possibilities of various solar cells (SCs), using both past research progress and possible future developments as a basis for discussion. These studies examine systematic and sequential advances in different generations of SCs. Developing novel PCs that are efficient, stable, and cost-effective is of utmost importance. In addition, the current state of high-performance equipment for each of the technologies is evaluated in detail. We also discuss the prospects, future trends, and opportunities regarding using bioresources for energy generation and storage, as well as the development of low-cost and efficient PCs for SCs.

Targeting Lysyl Oxidase as a Potential Therapeutic Approach to Reducing Fibrotic Scars Post-operatively: Its Biological Role in Post-Surgical Scar Development.

Abdominal and pelvic surgery, or any surgical injury of the peritoneum, often leads to chronic abdominal adhesions that may lead to bowel obstruction, infertility, and pain. Current therapeutic strategies are usually ineffective, and the pathological mechanisms of the disease are unclear. Excess collagen cross-linking is a key mediator for extra-cellular matrix deposition and fibrogenesis. Lysyl oxidase is a key enzyme that catalyzes the formation of stabilizing cross-links in collagen. Dysregulation of Lysyl oxidase (Lox) expressing upregulates collagen cross-linking, leading ECM deposition. Tissue hypoxia during surgery induces molecular mechanisms and active transcription factors to promote the expression of several genes related to inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis, such as transforming growth factor beta, and Lox. Studies have shown that targeting Lox improves clinical outcomes and fibrotic parameters in liver, lung, and myocardial fibrosis, therefore, Lox may be a potential drug target in the prevention of postsurgical adhesion.

Functional Janus structured liquids and aerogels.

Janus structures have unique properties due to their distinct functionalities on opposing faces, but have yet to be realized with flowing liquids. We demonstrate such Janus liquids with a customizable distribution of nanoparticles (NPs) throughout their structures by joining two aqueous streams of NP dispersions in an apolar liquid. Using this anisotropic integration platform, different magnetic, conductive, or non-responsive NPs can be spatially confined to opposite sides of the original interface using magnetic graphene oxide (mGO)/GO, Ti3C2Tx/GO, or GO suspensions. The resultant Janus liquids can be used as templates for versatile, responsive, and mechanically robust aerogels suitable for piezoresistive sensing, human motion monitoring, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding with a tuned absorption mechanism. The EMI shields outperform their current counterparts in terms of wave absorption, i.e., SET ≈ 51 dB, SER ≈ 0.4 dB, and A = 0.91, due to their high porosity ranging from micro- to macro-scales along with non-interfering magnetic and conductive networks imparted by the Janus architecture.

Surfactant-Mediated Highly Conductive Cellulosic Inks for High-Resolution 3D Printing of Robust and Structured Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Aerogels.

Technological fusion of emerging three-dimensional (3D) printing of aerogels with gel processing enables the fabrication of lightweight and functional materials for diverse applications. However, 3D-printed constructs via direct ink writing for fabricating electrically conductive structured biobased aerogels suffer several limitations, including poor electrical conductivity, inferior mechanical strength, and low printing resolution. This work addresses these limitations via molecular engineering of conductive hydrogels. The hydrogel inks, namely, CNC/PEDOT-DBSA, featured a unique formulation containing well-dispersed cellulose nanocrystal decorated by a poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) domain combined with dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA). The rheological properties were precisely engineered by manipulating the solid content and the intermolecular interactions among the constituents, resulting in 3D-printed structures with excellent resolution. More importantly, the resultant aerogels following freeze-drying exhibited a high electrical conductivity (110 ± 12 S m-1), outstanding mechanical properties (Young's modulus of 6.98 MPa), and fire-resistance properties. These robust aerogels were employed to address pressing global concerns about electromagnetic pollution with a specific shielding effectiveness of 4983.4 dB cm2 g-1. Importantly, it was shown that the shielding mechanism of the 3D printed aerogels could be manipulated by their geometrical features, unraveling the undeniable role of additive manufacturing in materials design.

Review the Role of Metabolism Reprogramming in the Pathogenesis of Post-surgical Adhesion: A New Therapeutic Strategy.

Metabolic reprogramming is defined as the skill of cells to change their metabolism to support the induced energy demand due to continuous growth. Metabolic reprogramming is a well- known occurrence in the progression of neoplastic cells, although, evidence has shown that it is present in fibrotic disorders. Post-surgical adhesion as a fibrotic disorder is a medical challenge and is defined by fibrotic bands connected between organs with the abdominal wall. Despite many investigations carried out about the pathogenesis of the disorder but there are many unknowns, therefore, targeting special pathways may have the potential to prevent the formation of fibrotic bands post-operative. Glycolysis is a necessary metabolic pathway in living cells. In hypoxic conditions, it is the dominant pathway in the production of energy for different types of cells such as fibroblasts, immune cells, and endothelial cells. Also, glycolysis is a main downstream target for transforming growth factor ß (TGF-ß) and upregulates during fibrotic conditions. Furthermore, this is noteworthy that hypoxia induces factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) as a transcription factor, elevated during the hypoxia condition stimulates different signaling pathways such as TGF-ß/SMAD, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), and mTOR pathway to control glycolytic metabolism and T-cell trafficking for immune cell migration. Different evidence has indicated that the administration of glycolytic inhibitors has the potential to prevent the development of fibrotic markers. In this review, we pointed out the role of the glycolysis pathway and its connection to profibrotic cytokines to promote inflammatory and fibrotic pathways. Based on the results of studies related to fibrotic disorders we hypothesized that targeting glycolysis may have therapeutic potential in the prevention of postoperative adhesions.

Anti-Cancer Effect of Dorema Ammoniacum Gum by Targeting Metabolic Reprogramming by Regulating APC, P53, KRAS Gene Expression in HT-29 Human Colon Cancer Cells.

Background: Colorectal cancer is a heterogeneous disease that leads to metabolic disorders due to multiple upstream genetic and molecular changes and interactions. The development of new therapies, especially herbal medicines, has received much global attention. Dorema ammoniacum is a medicinal plant. Its gum is used in healing known ailments. Studying metabolome profiles based on nuclear magnetic resonance 1HNMR as a non-invasive and reproducible tool can identify metabolic changes as a reflection of intracellular fluxes, especially in drug responses. This study aimed to investigate the anti-cancer effects of different gum extracts on metabolic changes and their impact on gene expression in HT-29 cell. Methods: Extraction of Dorema ammoniacum gum with hexane, chloroform, and dichloromethane organic solvents was performed. Cell inhibition growth percentage and IC50 were assessed. Following treating the cells with dichloromethane extract, p53, APC, and KRAS gene expression were determined. 1HNMR spectroscopy was conducted. Eventually, systems biology software tools interpreted combined metabolites and genes simultaneously. Results: The lowest determined IC50 concentration was related to dichloromethane solvent, and the highest was hexane and chloroform. The expression of the KRAS oncogene gene decreased significantly after treatment with dichloromethane extract compared to the control group, and the expression of tumor suppressor gene p53 and APC increased significantly. Most gene-altered convergent metabolic phenotypes. Conclusion: This study's results indicate that the dichloromethane solvent of Dorema ammoniacum gum exhibits its antitumor properties by altering the expression of genes involved in HT-29 cells and the consequent change in downstream metabolic reprogramming.