In recent years, an increasing amount of attention has been paid to medicinal products as possible risk factors in the development of eye diseases. The frequency of diagnosed drug-induced uveitis is growing yearly, which can be attributed to the appearance of new drugs - biological agents (immune checkpoint inhibitors, BRAF and MEK inhibitors, vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors, tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors), as well as systemic bisphosphonates and some antiviral drugs. The time interval between the beginning of the drug use and the appearance of uveitis symptoms varies from several days to months. Common symptoms include eye pain, photophobia, the appearance of floating opacities, and reduced vision associated with active inflammatory changes in the retina and optic nerve and outcomes of those inflammations. Timely diagnosis, cancellation of the drug that caused uveitis and appointment of adequate anti-inflammatory therapy in most cases effectively stops the symptoms of the disease, which determines the relevance of attention to the prevalence, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of drug-induced uveitis.
Pharmaceutical Preparations , Uveitis , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Humans , Inflammation , Uveitis/chemically induced , Uveitis/diagnosis , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
Drug-induced optic neuropathy is a group of disorders in which medications cause degeneration of the optic nerve. The true prevalence of drug-induced neuropathy has not been studied, although the percentage of patients who develop optic nerve damage is known for individual medications. The common pathophysiological mechanisms are believed to be mitochondrial damage and imbalance of intracellular and extracellular free radical homeostasis. Typical symptoms of drug-induced neuropathy are reduced visual acuity in the central area, which is often bilateral, visual field disturbances, dyschromatopsia, and edema of the optic nerve head. Early detection of drug-induced optic neuropathy can potentially prevent or minimize serious complications. For patients who develop drug-induced optic neuropathy, treatment is based on timely diagnosis and cancellation of the provoking drug. In most patients, vision usually recovers a few weeks or months after discontinuation of previous therapy, but there have been cases of irreversible vision loss. In addition to withdrawal of the drug that caused optic nerve lesion, treatment of drug-induced neuropathy may include use of drugs and treatment methods prescribed by neurologists for peripheral neuropathy, however, such treatment is seldom based on evidence.
Optic Disk , Optic Nerve Diseases , Humans , Toxic Optic Neuropathy , Visual Acuity
PURPOSE: To evaluate the properties of the microvasculature of bulbar conjunctiva and to assess the function of endothelium of the main arteries in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 35 patients with T1DM and initial nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR). The control group consisted of 30 subjects. In addition to standard ophthalmic examination, all participants underwent digital bulbar capillaroscopy (DBC), pulse wave velocity (PWV) test, and plethysmography for assessment of endothelium function. RESULTS: According to DBC, in comparison to the control group, diabetic patients with even initial NPDR had disturbances of blood microcirculation manifested as increased average venous vessel width (p=0.04), reduced arterial capillary blood flow (p=0.02), increased blood sludging (p=0.001), and increased duration of blood stasis (p=0.03). Evaluation of vessel endothelium in T1DM patients with NPDR showed increased PWV (p=0.03). CONCLUSION: Diabetic patients with NPDR showed marked changes of capillary blood flow alongside signs of endothelial dysfunction. The most significant change was increased venous vessel width.
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 , Diabetic Retinopathy , Endothelium , Humans , Microcirculation , Microscopic Angioscopy , Plethysmography , Pulse Wave Analysis
UNLABELLED: The aim was to study the state of microvascular bulbar conjunctiva in patients with type 1 diabetes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A clinical study of 25 patients with DR in the type 1 diabetes and 20 healthy persons without ophthalmopathology. All patients in addition to conventional methods of ophthalmological conducted computer Capillaroscopy bulbar conjunctiva. RESULTS: Results of the study showed patients with DR in the type 1 diabetes tortuosity of capillaries (due to thickening of the basement membrane), the expansion of the department of venous capillaries and arterial narrowing department, the formation of aggregates, the phenomenon of sludge and slowing blood flow. After a course of treatment (Tanakan 2 months to 120 mg. per day) capillaroscopy showed a positive trend state bulbar conjunctiva microvessels: reduction in the incidence of the phenomenon of sludge and the duration of stasis, increased blood flow, which correlated with the positive dynamics ophthalmoscopic picture. CONCLUSION: The results indicate the informativeness capillaroscopy as a method of assessing the state of the microvasculature in patients with type 1 diabetes.
The article presents the current data on seven main human herpesviruses, capable of causing ocular inflammation. Features of intraocular production and anterior segment involvement associated with each of the viruses and modern aspects of antiviral therapy for herpetic keratitis are discussed.
Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Eye Infections, Viral , Herpesviridae , Cornea/physiopathology , Eye Infections, Viral/diagnosis , Eye Infections, Viral/drug therapy , Eye Infections, Viral/physiopathology , Eye Infections, Viral/virology , Herpesviridae/classification , Herpesviridae/isolation & purification , Herpesviridae/pathogenicity , Humans , Outcome Assessment, Health Care
Chronic pyopolypous pansinusitis in a patient presenting with mucopyocele of the frontal sinus is described. A brief characteristic of cyst-like extension of the paranasal sinuses is presented. Special attention is given to the main diagnostic criteria. The methods of surgical and postoperative treatment of patients with the pathology in question are discussed.
Frontal Sinus/pathology , Mucocele/diagnosis , Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures/methods , Sinusitis/diagnosis , Adult , Diagnosis, Differential , Drainage , Endoscopy , Follow-Up Studies , Frontal Sinus/diagnostic imaging , Frontal Sinus/surgery , Humans , Male , Mucocele/surgery , Nose , Sinusitis/surgery , Suppuration , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
