[Status of the monooxygenase enzyme system in rat and rabbit organs in sugar diabetes and upon insulin administration]. / Sostoianie monooksigenaznoi fermentnoi sistemy organov krys i krolikov pri sakharnom diabete i vvedenii insulina.

Content of cytochromes P450 and b5, activities of amidopyrine-N-demethylase, alanine- and p-nitrophenol hydroxylases, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase were studied in the liver, kidney, small intestine and lung tissues of rats and rabbits in insulin-dependent hypoglycemia and alloxan diabetes. The diabetes and hypoglycemia caused dissimilar alterations in activity of alanine- and p-nitrophenol hydroxylases, thus indicating their dependence on blood sugar levels. The activity of monooxygenase enzymes studied was altered similarly in rabbit liver and other tissues, while the enzymatic activity was distinctly differentiated in rat tissues. Specific properties of cytochromes P450 isozyme spectra appear to be responsible for these alterations detected.

[Change in the drug-metabolizing function of the liver in patients in the postoperative period in relation to the type of anesthesia]. / Izmenenie farmakometaboliziruiushchei funktsii pechenii u bol'nykh v posleoperatsionnom periode v zavisimosti vida anestezii.

Anesthesia-dependent changes in pharmaco-metabolic liver function have been studied in patients operated on for cosmetic facial defects. It has been established that the postoperative period in patients subjected intraoperatively to general combined anesthesia and controlled lung ventilation was characterized by inhibited drug metabolism in the liver, which required correction of the drug doses to reduce the risk of side and toxic effects of pharmacotherapy. Patients operated on under local procaine anesthesia had no considerable changes in pharmaco-metabolic liver function in the postoperative period.

[The metabolism of drugs and endogenous substrates in the organs of rabbits following partial hepatectomy and liver ischemia]. / Metabolizm nekotorykh lekarstvennykh veshchestv i éndogennykh substratov v organakh krolikov posle chastichnoi gepatéktomii i ishemii pecheni.

The intensity of metabolism of hexenal, amidopyrine, phenacetin, promedol, acetone, hydrocortisone, testosterone and prostaglandin E2 by the isolated microsomes of the liver, kidneys, small intestinal mucosa and lungs was studied polarographically by the rate of oxygen absorption in experiments on 20 male rabbits four days following partial hepatectomy and liver ischemia. It was found that with both models of the liver damage there was observed a decrease of metabolism of amidopyrine, hexenal, phenacetin and an increase of metabolism of hydrocortisone and prostaglandin E2. In the lungs one could observe an increase of metabolism of the studies drugs following hepatectomy and its inhibition in liver ischemia. In the kidneys and intestine in both types of the liver damage contradirected changes in drug metabolism being of the compensatory character were observed.

[The detoxifying function of the liver following its partial denervation in rats with different autonomic reactivities]. / Detoksitsiruiushchaia funktsiia pecheni posle ee chastichnoi denervatsii u krys s razlichnoi vegetativnoi reaktivnost'iu.

In male rats divided into two groups by their vegetative reactivity ("vagotonics" and "sympathicotonics"), the effect of liver denervation on activity of the monoxygenase enzyme system of the hepatocytes responsible for the hepatic detoxication potential, was studied. The hepatic denervation led to uneven decrease in microsomal monoxygenase enzymes activity in animals with different vegetative reactivity.

[The liver detoxification function and the nature of the adaptive reactions in patients of different ages with inflammatory processes of the maxillofacial area]. / Detoksikatsionnaia funktsiia pecheni i kharakter adaptatsionnykh reaktsii u bol'nykh razlichnogo vozrasta s vospalitel'nymi protsessami cheliustno-litsevoi oblasti.

Liver monooxygenase system activity, responsible for liver detoxication, was examined with the use of antipyrin test in children and adults suffering from maxillofacial inflammations, as was their nonspecific resistance of the body. The findings evidence that inflammatory diseases are associated with a considerable reduction of the body nonspecific resistance and with depression of the liver monooxygenase system, most marked in acute inflammations. The severity of liver detoxication function disorder is in inverse relationship with the status of the body nonspecific resistance; this factor essentially influences the length of therapy.

[The optimization of pharmacotherapy in patients with disordered kidney function]. / Optimizatsiia farmakoterapii u bol'nykh s narusheniem funktsii pochek.

A design for calculating the doses of medicinal agents in disorders of renal excretory function is suggested. It consists of a plate with three strips hinged to one another which have through grooves along their whole length. An equilateral triangle is drawn on the plate with scales A and B on its sides and a logarithmic scale V perpendicular to its base. Scale A serves for appraisal of the value of the renal residual function. Scale B is intended for appraising the amount of unchanged medicinal agent excreted by the kidneys of a healthy individual. Scale V shows the degree of reduction of the dose of the agent for the concrete patient with disturbed renal function.

[The function of the microsomal oxidative system of different organs in guinea pigs administered ethanol]. / Sostoianie mikrosomal'noi okislitel'noi sistemy raznykh organov morskikh svinok pri vvedenii im étanola.

The microsomal cytochrome content and enzyme activity has been determined in liver, kidney, lungs and intestinal mucous from guinea pig males which were injected 25% ethanol intraperitoneally at a dose of 2 g per 1 kg of body mass. The changes in cytochrome P-450 and b5 content, amidopyrine-N-demethylase, aniline hydroxylase, p-nitrophenol hydroxylase. NADP.H-cytochrome-c-reductase activities in investigated organs of the animals have been found depending on the ethanol intoxication period (for 3, 6 or 14 days). Changes of the same type in microsomal enzyme activities have been discovered in liver, lungs and intestine, but not in kidney that is accounted for the substrate specificity and inducibility of the cytochrome P-450 some forms in extrahepatic tissues.

[Detoxification function of the liver and body resistance in patients with acute intestinal obstruction]. / Detoksikatsionnaia funktsiia pecheni i rezistentnost' organizma u bol'nykh s ostroi kishechnoi neprokhodimost'iu.

The authors studied the unspecific resistance of the organism according to the ratio of the formed elements of the blood, the detoxification function of the liver by the antipyrine test and evaluation of the acetylation capacity, as well as the leukocyte intoxication index in 42 patients with various types of acute ileus (obstructive, strangulation, dynamic). Ileus was found to reduce the unspecific resistance and the acetylation capacity of the patient's organism with the increased leukocyte intoxication index. In patients with obstructive ileus the antipyrine half-life was increased and was not normalized during treatment. The postoperative period in patients with a marked diminution of unspecific resistance and acetylation capacity of the organism with an increase in the leukocyte intoxication index and antipyrine half-life was characterized by an unfavourable course and the development of various purulent complications.

[Nonspecific body resistance in the acetylator phenotype of patients with odontogenic inflammatory processes in the maxillofacial area]. / Nespetsificheskaia rezistentnost' organizma v atsetiliatornyi fenotip u bol'nykh s odontogennymi vospalitel'nymi protsessami cheliustno-litsevoi oblasti.

Nonspecific resistance of the body, intensity of acetylation processes, and acetylator phenotype were studied in adults and children aged 3 to 16, suffering from maxillofacial odontogenic inflammations. The findings evidence that irrespective of the patient's age, development of maxillofacial inflammations is associated with a reduction of the body nonspecific resistance and of acetylation processes intensity, this reduction being the most marked in the patients with acute and chronic osteomyelitis. Patients with the slow acetylation type predominated among the examinees, permitting a hypothesis that this acetylation type favors the development of odontogenic inflammations.

[The role of the parasympathetic nervous system in the regulation of microsomal monooxygenase activity in the liver of rats]. / Znachenie parasimpaticheskogo otdela nervnoi sistemy dlia reguliatsii aktivnosti mikrosomal'noi monooksigenazy v pecheni krys.

The effect of vegetative nervous system activation or depression (subdiaphragmatic vagotomy, atropine, proserine and acetylcholine treatments) on the hepatic microsomal enzymes activities has been studied on Wistar male rats. It is found, that hepatic denervation and atropine treatment decreased cytochrome P450 content and aniline hydroxylase activity. Proserine and acetylcholine induced an opposite effect. It is considered that these different changes in the microsomal enzyme activities with variations in the vegetative nervous system state have proved the nervous control of these processes.

[The state of the microsomal oxidative system in the rat liver during fecal peritonitis]. / Sostoianie mikrosomal'noi okislitel'noi sistemy pecheni krys pri ostrom kalovom peritonite.

Content and activity of cytochrome P-450, activity of main microsomal enzymes as well as content of glycogen, lactic and pyruvic acids were studied in liver tissue of rats within 24, 48 and 72 hrs after simulation of acute fecal peritonitis. Inhibition of the enzymatic activity of microsomal oxidative system correlated with hypoxia which developed in liver tissue within all the periods of acute fecal peritonitis studied. At the same time, catalytic activity of cytochrome P-450 was increased towards substrates of the I and II types. Endotoxemia and hypoxia of liver tissue, resulting in activation of phospholipases, appear to be mainly responsible for inhibition of microsomal enzymes activity in liver tissue under conditions of acute peritonitis.

[The detoxifying function of the liver in acute experimental intestinal obstruction]. / Detoksitsiruiushchaia funktsiia pecheni pri éksperimental'noi ostroi neprokhodimosti kishechnika.

The detoxifying function of the liver was studied in experiments on male rats with acute obstructive and strangulation ileus. Irrespective of its type, acute ileus was attended by marked diminution of hepatic detoxifying function the underlying factor of which was inhibited activity of the main microsomal enzymes and reduced content of cytochromes p50 and b5 in the liver. Intoxication of the organism and hypoxia developing in the liver were among the causes of inhibited activity of the microsomal enzymes. The detoxifying function is not normalized in the early periods after relief of acute intestinal obstruction.

[The mono-oxygenase enzyme system of the liver in patients with true eczema]. / Sostoianie monooksigenaznoi fermentnoi sistemy pecheni u bol'nykh istinnoi ékzemoi.

Correlations between the clinical course of true eczema and liver monooxigenase system, assessed by antipyrine test, were investigated in patients suffering from the condition. The findings evidence that antipyrine half-life period is prolonged in the patients vs. the reference subjects. Clinical status parameters were more marked and disease duration longer in the patients with a longer antipyrine half-life (over 12 hrs). A correlation between antipyrine half-life period and the disease standing was revealed.

[The effect of furanocoumarins on microsomal oxidation in the rat liver]. / Vliianie furanokumarinov na mikrosomal'noe okislenie v pecheni krys.

Puvalen and psoberan are inhibitors of monoxygenase enzyme system activity of the liver. Puvalen exerts the biphase effect on the system, so it may be referred to such classic inhibitors as SKF-525A and pyperonil butoxide. Psoberan does not exert the biphase effect on the monoxygenase system that is apparently connected with its negative action on biomembrane structure of hepatocytes. The results must be taken into consideration when patients are treated with psoralens.

[The detoxifying function of the liver following its denervation in rats]. / Detoksikatsionnaia funktsiia pecheni posle ee denervatsii u krys.

The content of cytochrome P450 and b5 as well as basic microsomal enzymatic activity were studied in the liver of mixed male rats within 7 days of subdiaphragmatic vagotomy and/or large and small sympathetic nerves cutting. A decrease in the content of cytochromes and amidopyrine-N-demethylase, aniline-hydroxylase and MADP-H-cytochrome-c-reductase activity was discovered both in the vagotomy and in the sympathectomy. A total denervation of the liver leads to a more significant suppression of enzymatic activity. A revealed acceleration of the blood flow and an insignificant decrease of the oxygen tension in the denervated liver tissue suggest that the above changes were due to switched off regulation of the nervous system rather than to the consequence of hypoxia.

[The status of the monooxygenase enzyme system of the liver in Salmonella infection in rats]. / Sostoianie monooksigenaznoi fermentnoi sistemy pecheni pri sal'monelleznoi infektsii u krys.

Content and activity of microsomal cytochromes P450 and b5, amidopyrine N-demethylase, aniline hydroxylase, NADPH cytochrome c reductase were studied in liver tissue of rats with salmonelliasis. Distinct inhibition of the liver monooxygenase enzymatic system was detected during the acute period of the disease; its normalization was complete within the reconvalescence period. Endotoxinemia appears to be mainly responsible for alterations in the microsomal enzymes activity observed.

[Characteristics of biochemical processes of the liver in rats with various types of open-field behavior]. / Osobennosti nekotorykh biokhimicheskikh protsessov v pecheni krys s razlichnymi tipami povedeniia v otkrytom pole.

Respiration and phosphorylation of liver mitochondria, lipid spectrum of the blood serum activity of hepatocytes main microsomal enzymes were studied in outbred rats with various emotionality. It was found that in low-emotional rats, the intensity of phosphorylation processes in liver mitochondria and enzymes activity of hematocytes microsomal oxidative system responsible for detoxication processes,-- was significantly higher than in low-emotional animals. Analogous differences were found in the lipid blood spectrum and in liver mitochondria antioxidant activity of animals with different emotionality. It is supposed that there is an inter-connection between animals behaviour in the open field and the character of biochemical processes in the liver.