RESUMEN
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder associated with insulin resistance and ensuing dysglycemia, dyslipidemia, and inflammation. Owing to the putative metabolic benefits of curcumin-piperine combination, we explored the efficacy of this combination in improving cardiometabolic indices of patients with T2DM and hypertriglyceridemia. In this double-blind clinical trial, 72 patients with T2DM and hypertriglyceridemia were randomized to receive either a tablet containing 500 mg of curcuminoids plus 5 mg of piperine, or a matched placebo for 12 weeks. Anthropometric indices, blood pressure, glycemic indices, lipid profile, C-reactive protein (CRP), quality of life, and mood were evaluated at baseline and end of the study. After 12 weeks of intervention, the levels of triglycerides (p-value = 0.001) and fasting blood glucose (p-value = 0.004) were significantly reduced in the curcumin-piperine compared with the placebo group. CRP levels were marginally reduced in the curcumin-piperine compared with the placebo group (p-value = 0.081). In addition, energy/fatigue significantly increased in the curcumin-piperine group compared to the control group (p-value = 0.024). However, between-group comparisons showed no significant change in other parameters, including anthropometric indices (waist circumference and body mass index (BMI)), biochemical parameters (low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c), and insulin), HOMA-IR, blood pressure, quality of life, and DASS-21 items between the studied groups (p-value >0.05). The current study showed that curcumin-piperine supplementation can improve serum CRP, triglycerides, and glucose concentrations in patients with T2DM and hypertriglyceridemia.
RESUMEN
This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aimed to test our hypothesis that herbal tea may improve anthropometric parameters, metabolic factors, and hormone levels in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). A literature search was conducted on Information Sciences Institute, Medline (PubMed), Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar, up to March 2023 without applying language or date restrictions. RCTs that assigned herbal tea vs. placebo on PCOS women and evaluated changes in anthropometric measurements, metabolic indices, or hormonal profiles were included. Six RCTs with 235 PCOS women (119 in the intervention and 116 in the control group) were included. Meta-analysis showed that herbal tea consumption led to significant decreases in weight (weighted mean difference [WMD], -2.02 kg; 95% confidence interval [CI], -3.25, -0.80), body mass index (BMI) (WMD, -0.88 kg/m2; 95% CI, -1.47, -0.28) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) (WMD, -6.47 mg/dL; 95% CI, -8.49, -4.45), compared to the control group. Herbal tea supplementation has also significantly increased follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) concentration (WMD, 0.56 IU/L; 95% CI, 0.17, 0.95). Meanwhile, the effect of herbal tea on the waist/hip ratio, hip circumference, waist circumference, body fat, fasting insulin, FBG/insulin ratio, luteinizing hormone, total testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate was not significant. Herbal tea might be a potential supplemental therapy to manage weight, BMI, FBG, and FSH in PCOS women. Further large randomized clinical trials are recommended to affirm these findings.
RESUMEN
Several studies reported the benefits of flaxseed on inflammatory biomarkers, while others reported conflicting findings. Thus, the aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the impacts of flaxseed on inflammatory biomarkers in adults. Databases including Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences were searched till February 2024. The 54 RCTs were included in the final analysis, which involved 3000 individuals from 12 countries. Overall, the flaxseed supplementation had a significant reduction in C-reactive protein (CRP) (SMD = -0.46; 95â¯% CI: -0.70, -0.23, P < 0.001; I2 = 82.9â¯%, P < 0.001), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) (SMD = -0.64, 95â¯% CI: -1.13, -0.16, P = 0.010; I2 = 92.7, P < 0.001). Furthermore, flaxseed did not significantly change the concentration of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) (SMD = -0.17; 95â¯% CI: -0.63, 0.29, P = 0.467; I2 = 92, P < 0.001). Flaxseed supplementation significantly decreased serum concentrations of CRP and IL-6, but not TNF-a. Thus, this meta-analysis suggests that the current evidence supports the potential benefits of flaxseed in managing inflammatory conditions.
RESUMEN
Objective: Increased body mass index (BMI) seems to be a risk factor for migraine attacks. Cinnamon has anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and anti-obesity effects. This study aimed to assess the effects of cinnamon on anthropometric indices and headache-related disability of patients with migraine. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted as a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 50 migraine patients. Patients were randomized to receive either 600 mg cinnamon powder or placebo capsules for two months. Height, body weight (BW), waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference (HC) were measured.Furthermore, Minimal or Infrequent Disability (MIDAS) and Headache Daily Result (HDR) Questionnaires were recorded. Results: At the end of the treatment period, BW and BMI did not change in the intervention group; however, both factors were significantly increased in the placebo group (p=0.001). The change of WC, HDR and MIDAS was significantly different between the intervention and placebo groups (p<0.001). Furthermore, HC and WHR significantly decreased (p=0.001). Conclusion: Cinnamon seems to have beneficial effects on anthropometric indices and headache disability of migraine patients.
RESUMEN
Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) is associated with reduced fertility and poor reproductive outcomes. The association between dietary patterns and DOR was not well studied. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between adhering to the healthy eating index (HEI-2015) and the risk of DOR. In this case-control study, 370 Iranian women (120 with DOR and 250 age- and BMI-matched controls) were examined. A reliable semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to collect diet-related data. We analyzed the HEI-2015 and their dietary intake data to determine major dietary patterns. The multivariable logistic regression was used in order to analyze the association between HEI-2015 and risk of DOR. We found no significant association between HEI-2015 score and risk of DOR in the unadjusted model (OR 0.78; 95%CI 0.59, 1.03). After controlling for physical activity and energy intake, we observed that women in the highest quartile of the HEI-2015 score had 31% decreased odds of DOR (OR 0.69; 95%CI 0.46, 0.93). This association remained significant even after adjusting for all potential confounders. Overall, increased adherence to HEI may lead to a significant reduction in the odds ratio of DOR. Clinical trials and prospective studies are needed to confirm this association.
Asunto(s)
Dieta Saludable , Reserva Ovárica , Humanos , Femenino , Reserva Ovárica/fisiología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Adulto , Irán/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Oportunidad RelativaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The observed impacts of Garcinia cambogia (GC) on serum leptin indicate inconsistency. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effectiveness of GC on leptin levels. METHODS: A thorough literature search was carried out using different online databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar, until May 25, 2024. Using random effects, weighted mean differences (WMDs) and corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were computed. Standard procedures were followed to account for publication bias, study quality, and statistical heterogeneity. RESULTS: In this meta-analysis, a total of eight eligible trials with 330 participants were ultimately included. Quality assessment showed that half of the included trials were considered to have fair quality, while the other half were deemed to have poor quality. Our analysis, with no indication of publication bias, showed a significantly decreased effect of GC on leptin compared with the placebo (WMD: -5.01 ng/ml; 95 % CI: -9.22 to -0.80, p = 0.02). However, significant heterogeneity was detected between studies (I2 =93.5 %, p < 0.001). The Hartung-Knapp adjustment did not affect our results. Subgroup analysis revealed that GC consumption represents the most effects in trials with sample size ≥ 50 (WMD: -3.63 ng/ml; 95 % CI [-5.51, -1.76], p < 0.001), and mean age of participants ≥ 30 years (WMD: -7.43 ng/ml; 95 % CI [-9.31, -5.56], p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the present study showed that leptin levels might decline following GC administration. REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42023486370.
Asunto(s)
Garcinia cambogia , Leptina , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Humanos , Leptina/sangre , Citratos/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
CONTEXT: Although several investigations have been conducted on the association between serum vitamin D levels and prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in children and adolescents, their findings are inconsistent. OBJECTIVE: We conducted a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis to summarize this subject. DATA SOURCES: The electronic databases of ISI Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and motor engineering of Google Scholar were comprehensively searched up to May 2023. DATA EXTRACTION: Epidemiologic studies that investigated the risk of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in relation to serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels in children and adolescents were included. DATA ANALYSIS: Twenty-two investigations, with a total of 38â622 participants, were systematically reviewed. Meta-analysis of 15 studies (n = 32â720 participants) showed that participants with the highest serum vitamin D levels had 42% lower risk of hyperglycemia, compared with those in the lowest category of serum vitamin D levels (relative risk [RR] = 0.58; 95%CI, 0.48, 0.71). Moreover, pooling 8 studies (n = 10â465 participants) illustrated that highest serum vitamin D level was associated with a 44% lower risk of insulin resistance compared with the lowest serum vitamin D level (RR = 0.56; 95%CI, 0.37, 0.83). Based on linear dose-response analysis, each 10 nmol/L increment in serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D was associated with a 6% decreased risk of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in children. Furthermore, nonlinear dose-response analysis revealed that increasing serum vitamin D concentration from 40 nmol/L to sufficient values (>50 nmol/L) was associated with a decreasing trend in risk of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis revealed inverse associations between serum vitamin D levels and hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in children and adolescents, in a dose-response manner. Increasing serum vitamin D concentration from 40 nmol/L to sufficient values (>50 nmol/L) was associated with a decreasing trend in hyperglycemia and insulin resistance risk. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023458155.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is one of the preferred treatments for patients with heart problems, especially in individuals with other comorbidities and when multiple arteries are narrowed. This study aimed to assess the effects of administrating curcumin-piperine on patients who underwent CABG surgery. METHODS: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, in which 80 eligible adults who underwent CABG surgery, were randomized into 4 groups. Patients received 3 tablets daily for 5 days after the surgery, which contained curcumin-piperine (each tablet contained 500 mg curcumin +5 mg piperine) or a placebo (each tablet contained 505 mg maltodextrin). Group A received 3 placebo tablets, group B received 2 placebos and one curcumin-piperine tablet, group C received 1 placebo and 2 curcumin-piperine tablets, and group D received 3 curcumin-piperine tablets. Before and after the intervention, C-reactive protein (CRP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), cardiometabolic factors, clinical outcomes, and 28-day mortality were evaluated. RESULTS: Between-group analysis showed that CRP significantly decreased (P = 0.028), and TAC significantly increased (P = 0.033) after the intervention (Post hoc analysis showed that for CRP, the difference was between group B and D, and for TAC was between group C and D). Between-group analysis also showed that creatine kinase mono-phosphate (CK-MB) marginally reduced (P = 0.077); however, changes for troponin I (P = 0.692), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (P = 0.668), ejection fraction (P = 0.340), and arterial fibrillation (P = 0.99) were not significant. Blood urea nitrogen (P = 0.820) and serum creatinine (P = 0.244) did not show notable changes between groups. CONCLUSION: Supplementation with curcumin-piperine had a promising effect on serum CRP and TAC. It also had a favorable impact on CK-MB among patients who underwent CABG surgery. TRIAL REGISTRATION: IRCT20201129049534N4, available on https://en.irct.ir/trial/56930.
Asunto(s)
Alcaloides , Fibrilación Atrial , Benzodioxoles , Biomarcadores , Proteína C-Reactiva , Puente de Arteria Coronaria , Curcumina , Suplementos Dietéticos , Piperidinas , Alcamidas Poliinsaturadas , Humanos , Curcumina/administración & dosificación , Piperidinas/administración & dosificación , Piperidinas/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Benzodioxoles/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Método Doble Ciego , Biomarcadores/sangre , Fibrilación Atrial/tratamiento farmacológico , Anciano , Proteína C-Reactiva/metabolismo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Inflamación , AntioxidantesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment is amongst the most substantial mental health problems in elderly people, and inflammation is an underlying mechanism for cognitive impairment. The dietary inflammatory index (DII®) reflects the overall inflammatory potential of individuals' diets. The current study aimed to assess the relationship between the DII and cognitive function among the Iranian old population. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 221 subjects≥65 years old in healthcare centers in five socioeconomically distinct districts of Tehran, Iran. Dietary intake data were obtained using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Energy-adjusted-DII (E-DIITM) scores were calculated for each participant according to a total of 35 food parameters, which were available from the FFQ. Mini mental state examination (MMSE), a brief screening questionnaire was used to assess cognitive function. RESULTS: E-DII scores were not significantly associated with cognitive function, both in the crude model (ß=-0.04, p-value=0.82) and after adjusting for potential confounders (ß=0.22, pvalue= 0.14). Additionally, in the unadjusted model, individuals in the highest tertile of E-DII score had increased odds of mild cognitive impairment (OR=1.13, p-trend=0.01) compared to those older adults in the lowest tertile of E-DII score. However, after controlling for potential confounders, these relationships faded (AOR=1.46, p-trend=0.12). CONCLUSION: The findings of the present study showed no significant relationship between E- DII and cognitive function among the Iranian elderly. Future prospective studies should be undertaken to explore the association between diet-associated inflammation and cognitive decline in the elderly.
Asunto(s)
Cognición , Disfunción Cognitiva , Dieta , Inflamación , Humanos , Irán/epidemiología , Anciano , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios Transversales , Inflamación/epidemiología , Cognición/fisiología , Dieta/efectos adversos , Disfunción Cognitiva/epidemiología , Disfunción Cognitiva/diagnóstico , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Previous studies have assessed how supplementing with policosanol affects blood sugar levels. The outcomes, nevertheless, were not constant. Multiple electronic databases were searched including ISI Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus until February 9, 2023. To assess the effects of policosanol on glucose, we employed a random-effects or fixed-effects meta-analysis approach to examine the weighted mean differences (WMDs) and associated 95 % confidence intervals (CI) before and after policosanol and placebo administration. The final analysis comprised a total of 25 trials with 2680 participants. Compared to the control group, policosanol supplementation significantly reduced blood glucose levels (WMD: -2.24 mg/dl; 95 % CI: -4.05, -0.42, P = 0.01). Findings from subgroup analysis revealed a significant reduction of policosanol supplementation on glucose levels in period of less than 24 weeks, and in individuals below 50 years of age. Additionally, the reduction was statistically significant in dosage of 10 mg/day. Our dose-response analysis indicates no evidence of a non-linear relationship between policosanol dose and duration and changes in glucose levels (P-nonlinearity = 0.52, and P-nonlinearity = 0.52, respectively). Policosanol supplementation might improve blood glucose. Further trials with more complex designs are required to confirm the findings.
Asunto(s)
Glucemia , Suplementos Dietéticos , Alcoholes Grasos , Humanos , Glucemia/efectos de los fármacos , Glucemia/metabolismo , Glucemia/análisis , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Alcoholes Grasos/administración & dosificación , Alcoholes Grasos/uso terapéutico , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como AsuntoRESUMEN
SCOPE: The present study aims to assess the interaction of dietary patterns (DPs) and paraoxonase1 (PON1) rs662 polymorphism on coronary artery disease (CAD) severity and its risk factors. METHODS AND RESULTS: This cross-sectional study is conducted on 425 patients undergoing angiography. The PON1 genotypes are detected by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP-PCR) technique. DPs are extracted by exploratory factor analysis. Two dietary patterns Western (WDP) and Traditional (TDP) are extracted. A gene-diet interaction concerning a high Gensini score is observed. Accordingly, high adherence to the WDP increases the odds of a high Gensini score in R allele carriers compared to QQ genotype carriers by 2.48 times (odds ratio [OR]: 2.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.98-6.26, p = 0.05). Also, the risk of high systolic blood pressure (SBP) is higher in R allele carriers with high adherence to the WDP compared to QQ genotype carriers (OR: 3.49, 95% CI 1.38-8.82, p < 0.001. No significant interaction is observed between TDP and PON1 rs662 on any cardiometabolic risk factors (p-value > 0.05). The results remain significant after adjusting for confounders. CONCLUSION: The present study's findings indicate the existence of an interaction between the PON1 rs662 polymorphism and the WDP on the risk of stenosis severity and high SBP.
Asunto(s)
Arildialquilfosfatasa , Angiografía Coronaria , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Humanos , Arildialquilfosfatasa/genética , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/genética , Factores de Riesgo , Angiografía Coronaria/métodos , Estudios Transversales , Anciano , Dieta , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Genotipo , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Adulto , Patrones DietéticosRESUMEN
Background and Aim: The present double-blinded randomized clinical trial aimed to investigate the effect of selenium supplementation on oxidative stress, clinical, and physiological symptoms in patients with migraine. Methods: In total, 72 patients with migraine were randomly assigned to receive either 200 µg/day selenium (n = 36) or placebo (n = 36) for 12 weeks. Clinical traits of migraine (e.g., severity, frequency, and duration of headaches), mental health indices (e.g., depression, anxiety, and distress), quality of life, biomarkers of oxidative stress (e.g., nitric oxide [NO], malondialdehyde [MDA], total antioxidant capacity [TAC], total oxidant status [TOS]), and anthropometric indices were assessed at baseline and at the end of the study. Results: Selenium supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in NO (-1.24 ± 0.43 vs. 0.16 ± 0.43; p = 0.03) levels and a significant increase in TAC (9.89 ± 2.50 vs. -0.18 ± 2.50; p = 0.01) compared to the placebo group. Moreover, selenium supplementation had a significant protective effect against MDA levels compared to placebo (0.33 ± 0.57 vs. 1.83 ± 0.57; p = 0.03). In addition, selenium intake was associated with a lower headache frequency (-8.15 ± 0.77 vs. -4.12 ± 0.77; p < 0.001) and severity (-2.89 ± 0.42 vs. -1.16 ± 0.42; p = 0.01) as well as a lower Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6) score (-9.22 ± 2.00 vs. -2.08 ± 2.00; p = 0.02) compared to the controls. For other outcome variables, we found no significant effect. Conclusion: Selenium supplement may be considered a complementary therapy in patients with migraine due to its beneficial effects on oxidative stress and migraine symptoms. Further studies are needed to affirm our findings.Clinical Trial Registration: This study was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (https://www.irct.ir) on 27 May 2023 with code number of IRCT20121216011763N60.
RESUMEN
CONTEXT: The relation of magnesium (Mg) intake with depression was previously investigated by meta-analyses. However, due to limited data, a dose-response analysis was not performed. OBJECTIVE: Considering the recently published articles, a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis was conducted to summarize the relation of dietary Mg intake with depression in adults. DATA SOURCES: Medline (PubMed), ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar were comprehensively searched up to August 2023. DATA EXTRACTION: Observational studies that reported the relation of dietary Mg intake and depression in adults were included and their data were extracted. DATA ANALYSIS: A total of 63â214 participants from 10 cross-sectional and 3 cohort studies were included in the current study. Pooling 15 effect sizes from 12 studies (including 50â275 participants) revealed that individuals with the highest Mg intake had a 34% lower risk of depression, compared with those with the lowest Mg intake (RR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.57, 0.78). Moreover, the linear dose-response analysis revealed that each 100-mg/d increment in Mg intake was associated with a 7% reduced risk of depression (RR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.90, 0.96). Additionally, based on nonlinear dose-response analysis, increasing Mg intake from 170 to 370 mg/d was associated with a reduced risk of depression. Analyses were also conducted on 9 studies (49â558 participants) with representative populations, and similar results were found in the meta-analysis (RR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.83) and linear (RR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.90, 0.96) and nonlinear dose-response analysis. CONCLUSION: The current study shows an inverse dose-dependent association between dietary Mg intakes and risk of depression in both a general and representative population of adults in a dose-response manner. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42024506570.
RESUMEN
CONTEXT: Several studies have investigated the relationship between serum vitamin D and dyslipidemia in children and adolescents, but the findings have been contradictory. OBJECTIVE: The current systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis investigated the serum vitamin D - dyslipidemia relationship in children and adolescents. DATA SOURCES: ISI Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE databases, and Google Scholar, were searched up to December 2022. DATA EXTRACTION: Observational studies that investigated the odds of dyslipidemia in categories of serum vitamin D levels in children were included, and their data were extracted. DATA ANALYSIS: Pooling of 17 effect sizes from 15 studies (39 342 participants) showed that subjects with higher serum vitamin D had 27% lower odds of hypertriglyceridemia (odds ratio [OR] = 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.60, 0.88). A meta-analysis of 18 effect sizes from 16 studies (39 718 participants) illustrated that highest vs lowest serum vitamin D was related to 22% lower odds of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) (OR = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.66, 0.91). Also, a nonlinear association between serum vitamin D and odds of abnormal lipid profile was found: elevating values of 25-hydroxyvitamin D from 35 nmol/L to 55 nmol/L was associated with a decreasing trend in odds of hypertriglyceridemia, hyper low-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia, hypercholesterolemia, and hypo HDL-cholesterolemia. However, no significant linear association was observed. Based on the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE), the certainty of all evidence was rated as high. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis revealed that the level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was inversely related to odds of abnormal serum triglycerides and HDL-c in children and adolescents. Increasing serum vitamin D from 35 nmol/L to 55 nmol/L was associated with a decreasing trend in the odds of abnormal serum triglycerides, HDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total cholesterol in children. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration no. 42023400787.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The effects of jujube (Ziziphus jujube) consumption on metabolic and mental health outcomes in subjects diagnosed with metabolic syndrome (MetS) is unknown and remains to be examined. Hence, we carried out a parallel-group, randomized controlled trial to investigate this issue. METHODS: Eligible participants were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 30) or the control (n = 30) groups to receive either jujube or a placebo for eight weeks. Subjects were provided with 30 g dried jujube powder or placebo and were asked to consume half of the powder at 10 a.m. and the rest at 4 p.m. Lipid profile, fasting blood glucose (FBG), waist circumference (WC), and blood pressure were evaluated as primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes collected were mental health measures (e.g., depression, anxiety, and stress). RESULTS: Jujube consumption failed to decrease FBG, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood pressure, as well as depression and anxiety scores (P > 0.05). However, the between-group comparison revealed a significant improvement in WC (- 3.98 vs. - 0.51, P = 0.01), triglyceride (TG) (- 24.96 vs. - 0.73, P = 0.03), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (2.83 vs. 0.40, P = 0.01) in the jujube group compared to the placebo. In addition, compared to the control group, jujube consumption led to a significant improvement in the score of stress (- 5.80 vs. - 2.86, P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Jujube consumption only had beneficial effects on WC, TG, and HDL-C in subjects with MetS. However, the current study has methodological weaknesses in blinding and herb purity/potency testing, which should be addressed in future studies.
Asunto(s)
Glucemia , Síndrome Metabólico , Ziziphus , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Presión Sanguínea , Circunferencia de la Cintura , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Salud Mental , Depresión/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
We investigated the relationship between dietary phytochemical index (DPI) and migraine headaches in Iranian patients, analyzing both clinical and psychological traits. A cross-sectional study was conducted using non-obese adults aged 20-50 years who were diagnosed with migraine. The study used a validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire to assess the usual dietary intake of participants. The DPI was calculated using the following formula: [daily energy derived from phytochemical-rich foods (in kJ)/total daily energy intake (in kJ)] × 100. Clinical outcomes of migraine including frequency, duration, and severity of headaches, as well as migraine-related disability were obtained using relevant questionnaires. Moreover, the mental health profile of patients including depression, anxiety, and stress, as well as serum levels of nitric oxide (NO) were measured. A Poisson regression was used for headache frequency. Linear regression analyzed migraine-related outcomes including duration, severity, migraine-related disability, and serum NO levels. In addition, psychological traits were analyzed via logistic regression. A total of 262 individuals (85.5% females) with a mean age of 36.1 years were included in the analysis. The frequency of migraine attacks was lower in patients in the last DPI tertile compared to those in the first DPI tertile both in the crude [incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.63, 0.78, Ptrend < 0.001] and fully-adjusted models (IRR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.74, 0.96, Ptrend = 0.009). After controlling for potential confounders, an inverse relationship was observed between higher adherence to DPI and migraine-related disability (ß = - 2.48, 95% CI - 4.86, - 0.10, P trend = 0.046). After controlling for potential confounders, no significant relationship was observed between DPI and depression (OR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.42, 1.47, Ptrend = 0.480), anxiety (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 0.61, 2.14, Ptrend = 0.655), and stress (OR = 1.04, 95% CI 0.57, 1.90, Ptrend = 0.876). Higher intakes of phytochemical-rich foods may be associated with lower migraine frequency and improved daily activities among patients. Further studies should confirm our observations and delineate the biological pathways linking phytochemicals and migraine headaches.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos Migrañosos , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudios Transversales , Irán/epidemiología , Trastornos Migrañosos/diagnóstico , Cefalea , FitoquímicosRESUMEN
The fabrication possibility of nanocomposite film from sweet cherry tree exudate gum (SCG) was studied. To improve SCG film properties, oxidation with hydrogen peroxide, ultraviolet irradiation (UV-A and UV-C), and TiO2 nanoparticles (T-NPs) were used. Hydrogen peroxide oxidation at higher amounts decreased the water vapor permeability (WVP) and thickness and increased the mechanical properties and transparency. In comparison with the UV-A, UV irradiation of the C-type increased permeability, and elongation at break (EAB) and thickness, but reduced the tensile strength (TS), solubility, and transparency. The permeability and tensile strength were increased and elongation at break was decreased at a longer time of irradiation. The transparency values of fabricated films ranged from 65.3 to 79.5 % and WVP were in the range of 2.32-4.72 (×10-10 g/m.s.Pa). The measured TS of the SCG films were between 2.2 and 5 MPa and the EAB of the SCG films was between 35 and 68.7 %. The FTIR spectrum and SEM images revealed that the treatments could affect the bonds and the smoothness of the film surface, respectively. Images provided by AFM showed that the roughness of the films was increased by the addition of T-NPs. The incorporation of T-NPs increased the TS and decreased EAB and WVP. These results indicated that oxidation, UV irradiation and nanomaterials incorporation could be used to improve SCG film properties that are related to food packaging material.
Asunto(s)
Peróxido de Hidrógeno , Nanopartículas , Oxidación-Reducción , Permeabilidad , Gomas de Plantas , Prunus avium , Titanio , Rayos Ultravioleta , Titanio/química , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/química , Nanopartículas/química , Gomas de Plantas/química , Prunus avium/química , Vapor , Nanocompuestos/química , Resistencia a la Tracción , SolubilidadRESUMEN
The COVID-19 pandemic that started in 2019 and resulted in significant morbidity and mortality continues to be a significant global health challenge, characterized by inflammation, oxidative stress, and immune system dysfunction.. Developing therapies for preventing or treating COVID-19 remains an important goal for pharmacology and drug development research. Polyphenols are effective against various viral infections and can be extracted and isolated from plants without losing their therapeutic potential. Researchers have developed methods for separating and isolating polyphenols from complex matrices. Polyphenols are effective in treating common viral infections, including COVID-19, and can also boost immunity. Polyphenolic-based antiviral medications can mitigate SARS-CoV-2 enzymes vital to virus replication and infection. Individual polyphenolic triterpenoids, flavonoids, anthraquinonoids, and tannins may also inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 protease. Polyphenol pharmacophore structures identified to date can explain their action and lead to the design of novel anti-COVID-19 compounds. Polyphenol-containing mixtures offer the advantages of a well-recognized safety profile with few known severe side effects. However, studies to date are limited, and further animal studies and randomized controlled trials are needed in future studies. The purpose of this study was to review and present the latest findings on the therapeutic impact of plant-derived polyphenols on COVID-19 infection and its complications. Exploring alternative approaches to traditional therapies could aid in developing novel drugs and remedies against coronavirus infection.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Animales , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2 , Pandemias , Antivirales/farmacología , Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Antivirales/química , Polifenoles/farmacología , Polifenoles/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Despite a number of recommended strategies, effective treatment of migraine remains elusive. Given the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of migraine, selenium, as an antioxidant nutrient, may have a beneficial effect on migraine outcomes. However, no study has explored the effects of selenium supplementation on migraine symptoms, oxidative stress biomarkers, and mental health. Therefore, this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial aims to examine the effects of selenium supplementation among migraine patients. METHODS: Seventy-two migraine patients will receive either 200 µg/day selenium supplement (n = 36) or placebo (n = 36) for 12 weeks in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. The severity, frequency, and duration of headaches, mental health indices including depression, anxiety, and distress, and quality of life, as well as biomarkers of oxidative stress such as nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total oxidant status (TOS), will be measured at the baseline and end of the study. The intention-to-treat (ITT) approach will be used to estimate missing values. One-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) will be performed to detect the effect of selenium supplementation on outcome variables. DISCUSSION: Oxidative stress is recognized as a key contributor to migraine pathogenesis. Selenium is an essential trace element with antioxidant properties, capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB), holding promise to alleviate the oxidative stress and neurotoxicity. Thus, selenium may beneficially affect clinical symptoms and oxidative stress as well as the quality of life in migraine patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials ( https://www.irct.ir/ ) on 27 May 2023 with the code number IRCT20121216011763N60.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos Migrañosos , Selenio , Humanos , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Biomarcadores , Suplementos Dietéticos , Método Doble Ciego , Irán , Trastornos Migrañosos/diagnóstico , Trastornos Migrañosos/tratamiento farmacológico , Trastornos Migrañosos/prevención & control , Estrés Oxidativo , Calidad de Vida , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Selenio/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Sepsis, a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a host's dysregulated response to infection with an inflammatory process, becomes a real challenge for the healthcare systems. L-carnitine (LC) has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties as in previous studies. Thus, we aimed to determine the effects of LC on inflammation, oxidative stress, and clinical parameters in critically ill septic patients. METHODS: A randomized double-blinded controlled trial was conducted. A total of 60 patients were randomized to receive LC (3 g/day, n = 30) or placebo (n = 30) for 7 days. Inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters (C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), 28-day mortality rate, and some monitoring variables were evaluated. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between study arms in baseline characteristics and disease severity scores. CRP (p < 0.001) and ESR (p: 0.004) significantly reduced, and SOD (p < 0.001) and TAC (p < 0.001) significantly improved in the LC group after 7 days. Between-group analysis revealed a significant reduction in CRP (p: 0.001) and serum chloride (p: 0.032), an increase in serum albumin (p: 0.036) and platelet (p: 0.004) significantly, and an increase in SOD marginally (p: 0.073). The 28-day mortality rate was also lower in the LC group compared with placebo (7 persons vs. 15 persons) significantly (odds ratio: 0.233, p: 0.010). CONCLUSIONS: L-carnitine ameliorated inflammation, enhanced antioxidant defense, reduced mortality, and improved some clinical outcomes in critically ill patients with sepsis. TRIAL REGISTRATION: IRCT20201129049534N1; May 2021.