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Background: Children who have lost their parents are especially susceptible because they lack the mental and physical maturity to handle the emotional distress that comes with parental loss. This study aimed to assess the psychological effects of orphanhood in southwest Ethiopia. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey in southwest Ethiopia from January 1, 2019, to March 30, 2019. Orphan students who attended primary school at regular programs and those who live at orphanage centers were included. The study ecluded those orphans, who were adopted, not attending education, live in the street, and attending education, but absent at the time of data collection. A simple random sampling technique was employed to select participants. The SPSS version 21 used to entered and analyzed the collected data. Statistical tests such as independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to compare the mean of depression, anxiety, and stress level of orphan students regarding age, sex, and grade levels. Results: Of the 322 participants, 176 (54.7%) of the respondents were males. One hundred ninety-two (59.6%) of the participants were aged 14-17 years. Male and female orphans differed significantly in terms of depression, and stress levels (P < 0.05), but not in terms of anxiety levels (p > 0.05). Across age groups and grade levels, there was a significant difference in the aspects of stress, anxiety, and depression (P 0.05). Conclusion: Generally, we can conclude that psychological problems (depression, anxiety, and stress) are common problems among orphans in the study area. Orphans who were grade 5thstudents are less psychologically challenged compared to others. Orphans aged 10-13 years were relatively less psychologically challenged than other age groups. As a result, strengthening connections between the care of orphans and other support groups, including charitable organizations or direct healthcare providers should be taken into consideration.
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INTRODUCTION: Despite the higher burden of cervical cases, screening programs in highly affected developing countries remained low. This made the disease to be present at an advanced stage which is almost always fatal, causing enormous pain and suffering for the individual and having significant adverse effects on the welfare of their families and community. Thus, this study aimed to assess determinants of cervical cancer screening utilization among women attending health facilities in Dessie Town, Northeast Ethiopia. METHODS: An institution-based unmatched case-control study design was employed on 430 women (146 cases and 284 controls) at selected health facilities of Dessie town, South Wollo Zone, from July 1/2020 to August 30/2020. Cases were selected for all women screened for cervical cancer during the data collection period until the required sample size was attained and using a consecutive sampling technique, every 3 participants from women who come for services other than cervical cancer screening. were included as controls. Pretested and structured questionnaires were used to collect the data. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 25 software. Bivariable and multivariable logistics regression analysis was done. An adjusted odds ratio with 95% CI was estimated to measure the strength of the association. The level of statistical significance was declared at a p-value < 0.05. RESULT: Age group of 35 and more [AOR = 11.52(6.09-21.77)], being a private employee [AOR = 4.67(2.41-9.03)], having symptoms of vaginal bleeding or pelvic pain or postcoital bleeding or vaginal discharge [AOR = 3.08(1.37-6.95)], being recommended by a physician for screening [[AOR = 3.07(1.45-6.49)] and positive attitude towards cervical cancer screening [AOR = 5.3(2.8-10.59)] were determinants of cervical cancer screening. CONCLUSION: Age group of 35 and more, current occupation as a private employee, having symptoms of cervical cancer, being recommended by a physician for screening, and positive attitude towards cervical cancer screening were determinants of cervical cancer screening utilization.