Aprepitant boasted a protective effect against olanzapine-induced metabolic syndrome and its subsequent hepatic, renal, and ovarian dysfunction; Role of IGF1/p-AKT/FOXO1 and NFκB/IL-1ß/TNF-α signaling pathways in female Wistar albino rats.

Olanzapine-induced metabolic syndrome (MS) is a primary risk factor for insulin resistance, hepatorenal damage, and polycystic ovarian syndrome. The objective of the current study was to assess the protective effects of aprepitant (AP) against MS caused by olanzapine and the associated ovarian, renal, and liver dysfunction via modulation of IGF1/p-AKT/FOXO1 and NFκB/IL-1ß/TNF-α signaling pathways. AP mitigated all biochemical and histopathological abnormalities induced by olanzapine and resulted in a significant reduction of serum HOMA-IR, lipid profile parameters, and a substantial decrease in hepatic, renal, and ovarian MDA, IL-6, IL-1ß, TNF-α, NFκB, and caspase 3. Serum AST, ALT, urea, creatinine, FSH, LH, and testosterone also decreased significantly by AP administration. The FOXO 1 signaling pathway was downregulated in the AP-treated group, while GSH, SOD, and HDL cholesterol levels were elevated.

Ultrasound-guided Retroclavicular Approach Versus Costoclavicular Approach of Infraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block for Upper Limb Surgeries.

BACKGROUND: Regional anesthesia for an upper limb provides many advantages over general anesthesia, especially in orthopedic surgery. OBJECTIVES: This trial aimed to compare a retroclavicular approach to the infraclavicular brachial plexus with a costoclavicular approach in term of needle time, image time, and procedure time, and comparing both with the classic technique for upper limb surgeries guided by ultrasound. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, single-blinded controlled trial. SETTING: Minia University, Faculty of Medicine, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department. METHODS: Sixty patients of both sees with an American Society of Anesthesiologists  Classification of I and II, a BMI (kg/m2) of 20-35, aged from 18-60 years who were scheduled for a forearm or hand surgery under infraclavicular brachial plexus block were divided into 3 parallel equal groups. Group I (RC) received a retroclavicular approach.  Group II (CC)received a costoclavicular approach.  Group III (CT) received the classic technique. Procedure time, the sum of the imaging and needling times, was our primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were the motor and sensory block success rate 30 minutes postinjection of local anesthesia, duration of motor and sensory block, Visual Analog Score, first analgesic need, total analgesia requirements during the first postoperative 24 hours, and any complications. RESULTS: The procedure and needle times were significantly decreased in the retroclavicular group due to better needle visibility. There was no significant difference regarding sensory and motor block data. The VAS score in the first postoperative 24 hours showed no statistical significance. Regarding analgesic data and patient satisfaction, there was no statistical significance among the 3 studied groups. There were no complications in any of the used approaches. LIMITATION: Our trial did not include patients with a BMI > 35. CONCLUSIONS: The retroclavicular approach is superior because of its decreased procedure time and needle time than both the costoclavicular approach and classic approach.

Perioperative Duloxetine and Etoricoxibto improve postoperative pain after lumbar Laminectomy: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study.

BACKGROUND: Duloxetine, Etoricoxib and opioid are of the commonly administered drugs in Lumbar laminectomy. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of perioperative use of Duloxetine in combination with Etoricoxib on postoperative pain and opioid requirements. METHODS: One hundred twenty patients with ASA physical status were enrolled with age between 18 and 70 years. Patients were divided randomly into four groups of 30 patients: group P received placebo, group E received etoricoxib 120 mg, group D received duloxetine 60 mg and group D/E received duloxetine 60 mg capsules and etoricoxib 120 mg; 1 h before surgery and 24 h after. RESULTS: Neither Duloxetine nor etoricoxib individually had effect on pain with movement, while their combination revealed a significant reduction in pain scores over the entire postoperative period at rest and on movement. Etoricoxib showed a significant decrease in pain at all times at rest when compared with group P, while it showed significant pain decrease only at 0, 2 and 4 h when compared with group D. On the other hand duloxetine alone showed significant decrease in pain at rest at 24 h and 48 h when compared with group P. ConcerningMorphine requirement after 24 h.; it wassignificantly lower in the D/E group in comparison with groups P, E and D. It should be noted also that there was a significant decrease morphine requirement in both groups E and D. CONCLUSION: The perioperative administration of the combination of etoricoxib and duloxetine improved analgesia and reduced opioid consumption without significant side effects. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN48329522 . 17 June 2017.