Clindamycin resistance of skin derived Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is higher in dogs with a history of antimicrobial therapy.

BACKGROUND: In the Netherlands there is a lack of data regarding resistance of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius to the systemic antimicrobial drugs used for the treatment of superficial pyoderma. OBJECTIVES: To assess antimicrobial resistance, with emphasis on resistance to clindamycin and meticillin, in clinical isolates of S. pseudintermedius isolated from dogs with superficial pyoderma. Results were compared between dogs with and without a history of systemic antimicrobial therapy during the previous year. ANIMALS: A retrospective study of 237 referral cases presented to an academic teaching hospital between 2014 and 2019, with the clinical and microbiological diagnosis of superficial pyoderma. METHODS AND MATERIALS: All clinical isolates were identified primarily by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested either by an agar diffusion method (2014-2016) or by broth microdilution. Antimicrobial history in the preceding year was obtained from medical records. RESULTS: Meticillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) was isolated from 8% of superficial pyoderma cases. Within the meticillin-susceptible S. pseudintermedius (MSSP) population, clindamycin resistance was significantly more common in isolates derived from dogs with histories of antimicrobial treatment (37.7%) compared to dogs with no histories of exposure (21.7%; P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Given the high prevalence of clindamycin resistance in MSSP isolated from dogs with prior antimicrobial exposure, it is recommended that bacterial culture and susceptibility testing be pursued before prescribing systemic antimicrobials. Clindamycin should be regarded as the preferred treatment option if susceptibility is confirmed, due to its narrow spectrum and reduced selective pressure for MRSP.

Mast cell morphometry and densitometry in experimental skin wounds treated with a gel containing adelmidrol: a placebo controlled study.

The role of skin mast cells (MCs) in wound healing has been extensively investigated. The present study was designed to examine the effect of the aliamide adelmidrol on MCs during healing of experimental cutaneous wounds. Adelmidrol gel or the vehicle alone was applied 3 times daily on 5-mm punch biopsy wounds created on the thoracolumbar skin of 10 dogs. Wounds were allowed to heal by secondary intention. Eight-mm punch samples of the healing wounds were taken on days 1, 2, 4, 8, and 14, for histology. Mast cell numbers were counted and granular content assessed by densitometric analysis on toluidine blue-stained sections. The overall mean granule content was significantly greater in the treated wounds compared to control wounds, whereas no statistically significant differences in MC counts were observed. These data indicate a reduction in MC degranulation in wounds topically treated with adelmidrol suggesting that the compound is able to down-modulate skin MC releasability without affecting their number.

Assessment of the Effect of an Aliamide-containing Topical Gel by Evaluation of the Reduction of Wound Volume Measured by High R.

This study evaluated the use of an aliamide-containing gel in the treatment of skin wounds by employing noninvasive wound volume measurements acquired from wound images of high resolution ultrasonography (HRU). The dorsal thoracolumbar areas of 10 Beagle dogs were clipped and 2 rows of 6 full-thickness 5-mm punch biopsy samples were taken from either side of the midline under general anaesthesia. Wounds were allowed to heal by secondary intention, while treatment gel or base was applied 3 times daily to randomly selected treatment and control groups. Concentric 8-mm punch biopsy samples of the healing wounds were taken on Days 1, 2, 4, 8, and 14 for histopathological assessment. Wounds were imaged with 20 MHz HRU daily over a period of 28 days. Wound volume was calculated using scanner software based on the disk summation method. The wound volume was calculated in longitudinal and transverse ultrasound images and the average of the 2 values was used as the final wound volume. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess whether wound volume differed significantly over time, and between control and treated animals. Mean wound volume decreased significantly during the 28-day experimental period, and there was a significant time-treatment interaction indicating that the treatment effect varied at different stages during the healing process. Overall, application of the aliamide-containing gel appears to improve wound healing over time.

Treatment of canine Old World visceral leishmaniasis: a systematic review.

Canine visceral leishmaniasis is a systemic disease caused by Leishmania infantum. The aim of this systematic review was to identify and evaluate the evidence of efficacy of interventions for treatment or prevention of canine visceral leishmaniasis, and to propose recommendations for or against their use. Forty-seven articles describing clinical trials published between 1980 and 2004 fulfilled selection criteria. The evaluation of clinical trials provided good evidence for recommending the use of meglumine antimoniate at a minimum dosage of 100 mg kg(-1) daily for at least 3-4 weeks, combined with allopurinol in order to obtain a good clinical efficacy and a reduced relapse rate. The evaluation of the articles also provided fair evidence for recommending the use of pentamidine (4 mg kg(-1) twice weekly) and aminosidine (5 mg kg(-1) twice daily) for 3-4 weeks. There was insufficient evidence for recommending the use of allopurinol alone, amphotericin B, buparvaquone, ketoconazole, enrofloxacin, and the combinations of metronidazole with spiramicyn or metronidazole with enrofloxacin. Fair evidence against the use of aminosidine at high dosages (20-80 mg kg(-1) per day) was proposed due to its side effects. Evaluation of articles on repellent measures against sand fly vectors of leishmaniasis provided good evidence for recommending deltamethrin collars and fair evidence for recommending spot-on permethrin.