[Main variables of carbohydrate metabolism in elderly men-northerners.]

Aging normally leads to profound changes in the homeostasis of carbohydrate metabolism, which is considered a good predictor of health state and life expectancy. The objective of this study was assessing main indicators of carbohydrate metabolism in Northern men of older ages living under conditions of the North-Eastern region of Russia (Magadan). The results of the study showed carbohydrate disorders in healthy elderly men who exhibited high values of fasting plasma glucose (5,81±0,20 mmol/L) and glycosylated hemoglobin (5,73±0,12%), mainly owing to elevated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR was 2,63±0,25 arb. units), and not to reduced pancreatic ß-cells function (HOMA-ß was 96,85±6,10%), in the absence of a compensatory increase in basal insulin levels (9,97±0,81 µm/mL). Carbohydrate metabolism tenduence in healthy elderly men appears to worsen cardiometabolic health in older residents of the North. Our data confirm those by other authors and indicate the formation of age-associated pathology that causes accelerated aging of the body.

[Effect of short-term leave on functional characteristics of the body of northerners]. / Vliyanie kratkosrochnogo otpuska na funktsional'nye kharakteristiki organizma zhitelei-severyan.

Vacation is an essential feature of modern life for many people, and there is a fundamental assumption that short-term leave contributes to physical improvement and, thus, it is an improving the quality of life factor. OBJECTIVE: To study physiological and a number of psychophysiological body characteristics of the Magadan region residents when moving from northern latitudes to the conditions of the southern band in the summer period for vacation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Through year-round psychophysiological monitoring of a group, consisting of 19 male northern residents volunteers (mean age 33.2±1.5 years), a sample (15 men) was formed. These participants left the territory of the Magadan region for summer vacation during the research period. The mean vacation length was 47±6 days. The subjects were analyzed by the main indicators of physical development, cardiovascular system, heart rate variability, as well as individual psychophysiological characteristics. RESULTS: Short-term departure from the Magadan region did not cause significant changes in the main indicators of physical development, which was manifested in the absence of statistically significant differences in the indicators of body mass, total fat in the body and body mass index. A similar tendency was noted about the main cardiovascular indicators, except the significantly lower value of myocardial index on the post-vacation period, the reduction of which demonstrates a decrease in the total amount of dispersive abnormalities and, in general, an optimization of the cardiovascular system. At the same time, the conducted analysis of heart rate variability indicators shows a change in sympathetic-parasympathetic balance towards higher parasympathetic activity, which demonstrates the positive effect of summer vacation. Negative tendencies of the vacation effect manifested in a slight speed increase of a comprehensive visual-motor reaction, as well as in an increase of the harmful habits number. CONCLUSION: The obtained results of the study expand knowledge about the positive contribution of summer vacation to the health and well-being of working population of the Northern region, and also show that the vacation activities positive results can be assessed on the basis of the indicators of the heart rate variability, the myocardial index, as well as on the basis of the objective and subjective assessment of the psychophysiological condition analysis. These findings fully provide the basis for further research in the sphere of summer vacation activities organization as a public health resource.

[Capillary blood flow morphofunctional readjustments in northerners of different ages.]

Morphofunctional characteristics of capillary blood flow can be considered one of the most sensitive markers of ontogenetic desadaptive changes both within a local area of the capillary network and in the entire cardiovascular system. The study involved two hundred seventy-seven male northerners aged 18-66 to identify the age dynamics of the capillary bed morphofunctional characteristics. Subjects exhibited a reduction in diameters of arterial and transitional sections of the microcapillary bed testifying to a significant age dynamics from young men to the elderly. The remodeling coefficient increasingly came up in workable and elderly men, which indicated the risk of reducing in effectiveness of substances diffusion. We could see the average capillary length increase in this age vector and considered that as a compensatory growth of the contact surface of the vessel aimed at maintaining the necessary level of transcapillary exchange. We clearly observed microcirculatory changes with subjective age and considered them to be adaptive changes of microangioarchitectonics which may indicate the formation of a pattern characteristic of northerners' ontogenetic readjustments.

[Age-related dynamics of heart rate variability indicators in the population of Northerners young men, mature age and elderly men.]

Heart rate variability is a measure of autonomic nervous system that regulates cardiac function. It is also a potential tool for quantifying its physiological changes under the age aspect. The research examined age characteristics and differences in autonomic control of cardiovascular system based on heart rate variability indicators in individuals of different ages (young men, mature age men, and the elderly men). We studied the influence of age on indicators of autonomic heart function in temporal and frequency sections of heart rate variability. For the purpose, one hundred ninety-two young male subjects, one hundred and nine men of working age, and fifty-six healthy elderly men were voluntary involved in the survey. The main characteristics of heart rate variability at rest (sitting position) were analyzed in all subjects using the Varikard device. The results showed a decrease in autonomic functions with subjective growing older, which was associated with lower activity of parasympathetic link of autonomic nervous system that shifted the sympathovagal balance to a relative state of sympathetic activity. The group of elderly men exhibited average heart rate values which were similar to those of mature age men but yet, elderly subjects tended to demonstrate reduced activity of parasympathetic link of autonomic nervous system. Our study has contributed to research data available in terms of predominance of sympathetic nervous system and reduction in vagus nerve tone in autonomic control of cardiovascular system as an inevitable component of aging process.

[The main somatometric indicators in elderly men living in the conditions of the North.]

This study presents anthropometric indicators in a sample of elderly men aged 60 years and older (mean age 67±0,7 years, n=124) living in the Magadan region. It is shown that the examined sample has a significant decrease in body length due to a decrease in sitting height, which leads to the formation of a disproportionate somatotype and is observed against the background of an increase in chest circumference, total fat content and body mass index without a decrease in body weight and muscle component of body composition. It was found that overweight was characteristic of 58%, obesity of the first degree was detected in 25% of the subjects, and normal body weight was noted in 17% of elderly men. But at the same time, it should be emphasized that in the examined group, in the absence of significant dynamics of body weight relative to men of working age, an «artificial¼ increase in BMI by 2,1 kg/m2 was detected, due to a decrease in body length. The absence of a decrease in the muscular component indicates the absence of a tendency to sarcopenic manifestations and reflects a favorable trend in the formation of the somatic status of elderly people living in the North. Thus, the indicators of physical development obtained in our study in the group of elderly Northerners can be the basis for the formation of normative anthropometric data specific to the elderly.

[Age-related readjustments of caucasian men's functional reserves in the North.]

This study determined proportion of males whose physiological parameters were out of standard ranges and made patterns of their functional reserves to see dynamics in the row of teenagers, young adults, middle-aged adults, older adults. For the first time, dynamics of functional reserves was evaluated based on deviations from standard values existing for physical development, cardiovascular system, biochemical and trace element pictures, as well as characteristics of basic metabolism and breathing in ontogenetic aspect. The evaluation was performed by creating patterns of tension in subjective body systems under the North extremes to make predictive age-related changes older adults morphophysiological indicators. The results the patterns exhibited increasingly dysregulated functioning in the age aspect. That could be seen in age-related stress observed in physical development variables (accelerated body mass index), cardiovascular system (higher proportion of people with high normal blood pressure and arterial hypertension in systolic and diastolic blood pressure), carbohydrate metabolism disorders (higher index of insulin resistance and fasting hyperglycemia), more pronounced dyslipidemia, microelement disorders such as more severe age-related deficiency or excess. Those deviations existed together with worsening in basic metabolism and external respiration function in modern northerners of working age.

[Peculirities of physical development and state of the cardiovascular system in young males from various districts of Northeast of Russia].

The comparative research was carried to study basic indices of physical development and cardiovascular system in Aboriginals and north-born Europeans of different areas of Russia's northeast (Chukotsky Autonomous District, Magadan Region). According to most examined morphofunctional characteristics no significant differences were found between the groups of subjects that testify to the formation, under the current social conditions, of convergent adaptation processes typical for the two ethnic cohorts from the observed areas of residing. High percentage of asthenia in body constitution of young residents from Magadan Region was common and mostly demonstrated by Aboriginals of the Magadan city.

[THE SEASON DYNAMICS OF MAIN INDICES OF LIPID AND CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN STUDENTS ABORIGINES AND CAUCASIANS OF THE NORTHERN-EAST OF RUSSIA].

The article presents analysis of main indices of lipid specter and level of glucose in blood of aborigines and Caucasians during winter and spring seasons. The study covered 184 male youths aged from 17 to 21 years (18.2±0.8) studying in the North-Eastern state university (Magadan). The study was implemented using portable biochemical express-analyzer CardioChek PA (USA) by means of capillary blood sampling taking in morning hours on an empty stomach from finger 10-12 hours later after last food intake. The purpose of study was to compare characteristics of season variations of main characteristics of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in aborigines and natives of the North-East of Russia from among Caucasians in102 generation (autochthonic population). The results of biochemical analyses, obtained in various seasons, demonstrated that average values of all analyzed characteristics of lipid profile approximated to lower limit of normal variation of indication. By all appearance, this is related to substrate energy inadequacy and with lipid alimentary deficiency in particular observed in examined students during analysis of their dietary intake where percentage of fat was in the limits of 65-70 g per day. The analysis of carbohydrate metabolism in male youths of different ethnic groups established that level of glucose was at the higher limit of reference intervals of normoglycemia. At that, in the group of aborigines season reorientation in analyzed values of metabolic profile were observed related to decreasing of level of glucose in blood while in group of Caucasians similar tendency was not observed. Apparently, the given season dynamics of metabolic processes in young aborigines indicates to efficiency of their evolutionary fixed mechanisms of adaptation developed in conditions of the North-East of Russia.

[HEART RATE VARIABILITY CHANGES DEMONSTRATED BY INDIVIDUALS WITH DIFFERENT VEGETATIVE REGULATION TYPES IN ORIGIN UNDER RERESPIRATION SESSION].

The studied in the paper is how breathing in isolated space (rerespiration) influences heart rate variability, arterial pressure indices, and composition of the expired gas in individuals with different vegetative regulation types in origin. Found that, the values and vector of the changes in low frequency indices of the power of heart rate spectrum before and within the process of rerespiration have been highly informative when assessing the leading type of vegetative regulation. The structure of intersystem correlations in the examined male subjects has specific features either at rest (baseline) or at breathing test that testifies to different mechanisms of maintaining functional abilities in sympathicotonic and vagotonic individuals undergoing hypoxic-hypercapnic gas mixture breathing.

[AGE DYNAMICS OF THE MAIN SOMATOMETRIC PARAMETERS IN ADOLESCENT STUDENTS BORN IN THE CITY OF MAGADAN].

In the period from 2005 to 2013 the age dynamics of indices of physical development was studied in 1466 adolescent students aged from 17 to 21 years born in Magadan. Studies have shown that the growth of the body length in boys in Magadan stopped at 17 years, whereas in the period of 19, 20 and 21 years, an increase in the body mass and chest circumference relative to the length of the body was detected, which, in turn, lead to an increase in the strength of the physique. All of the surveyed youths were characterized by a proportional and harmonious types of physical development.