Trait mindfulness, reasons for living and general symptom severity as predictors of suicide probability in males with substance abuse or dependence.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate suicide probability in Iranian males with substance abuse or dependence disorder and to investigate the predictors of suicide probability based on trait mindfulness, reasons for living and severity of general psychiatric symptoms. METHOD: Participants were 324 individuals with substance abuse or dependence in an outpatient setting and prison. Reasons for living questionnaire, Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale and Suicide probability Scale were used as instruments. Sample was selected based on convenience sampling method. Data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS. RESULTS: The life-time prevalence of suicide attempt in the outpatient setting was35% and it was 42% in the prison setting. Suicide probability in the prison setting was significantly higher than in the outpatient setting (p<0.001). The severity of general symptom strongly correlated with suicide probability. Trait mindfulness, not reasons for living beliefs, had a mediating effect in the relationship between the severity of general symptoms and suicide probability. Fear of social disapproval, survival and coping beliefs and child-related concerns significantly predicted suicide probability (p<0.001). DISCUSSION: It could be suggested that trait mindfulness was more effective in preventing suicide probability than beliefs about reasons for living in individuals with substance abuse or dependence disorders. The severity of general symptom should be regarded as an important risk factor of suicide probability.

Object recognition deficit in early- and adult-onset schizophrenia regardless of age at disease onset.

Perceptual closure is the ability of the brain to recognize a complete object based on fragmentary information and has been known to be impaired in schizophrenia. Here, the neural integrity of perceptual closure in schizophrenia with different disease onsets was evaluated by examining the generation of event-related potential (ERP) components (P100, N180, and N(cl)). ERPs were recorded from 40 patients (19 early-onset schizophrenia, "EOS" and 21 adult-onset schizophrenia, "AOS") and 40 age-matched healthy volunteers. Brain electric source analysis (BESA) was applied to localize the cerebral generators underlying perceptual closure. Patients showed an impaired generation of N(cl) and P100 components. P100 and N(cl) amplitudes were significantly reduced in both AOS and EOS (P<0.01). Moreover, N180 and N(cl) amplitudes were significantly increased with age in controls and patients (P<0.01). In the case of the N(cl), there was also a significant interaction (P<0.001) between age and group, indicating a greater age-dependent N(cl) increase in controls compared to patients. Visual information processing during perceptual closure is impaired in schizophrenia, regardless of age at disease onset. The combined influence of age and group on the amplitude of the N(cl) might support the idea of neurodevelopmental deficits in schizophrenia.

Associations between coerced anal sex and psychopathology, marital distress and non-sexual violence.

BACKGROUND: There is a dearth of scientific data on anal intercourse in heterosexual relationships. Likewise, anal sex within marital relationships has yet to be fully explored. OBJECTIVES: Among a representative sample of married women in the Iranian capital, Tehran, we aimed to determine the association of self-reported coerced anal sex with: (i) self-reported coerced vaginal sex; (ii) self-reported non-sexual violence; (iii) psychopathology; and (iv) marital attitude. METHOD: The data presented here were obtained from the Family Violence Survey conducted in Tehran in 2007. A total of 230 married Iranian women were selected via a multi-cluster sampling method from four different randomized regions. The subjects' sociodemographic data, psychological distress (Symptom Check List; SCL-90-R), personality, and relationship characteristics (Personal and Relationships Profile), and marital attitude (Marital Attitude Survey) were gathered. In addition, the participants' self-reported histories of lifetime victimization through all types of violence by the husband, including coerced anal and vaginal sex as well as psychological and physical assault (Conflict Tactic Scales-Revised; CTS-2), were collected. RESULTS: There were associations between self-reported victimization through coerced anal and vaginal sex (P < 0.001), psychological (P < 0.001), and physical aggression (P < 0.001). Those reporting to have been forced into anal intercourse cited higher rates of paranoid and psychotic features, jealousy, attribution of problems to one's own behavior, conflict, and male dominance, as well as lower expectations of improvement in one's marital relationship. CONCLUSION: In marital relationships, women are at a higher risk of coerced anal sex if subjected to other types of sexual or non-sexual violence. Higher rates of psychopathology and poorer marital relationships are also allied to self-reported anal sexual coercion.

Standardization of trauma symptoms checklist for children / Normatização da escala de sintomas de trauma para crianças / Normatizacion de la escala de sintomas de trauma para niños

The aim of this study was to standard and assign validity and reliability of the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children - TSCC-A. Normative data for the TSCC-A were based on 3.042 students participating in a prevalence child abuse study in 19 different loca-tions of Tehran and 140 participants who had been referred to the run away children cen-ters in Tehran. After the TSCC was validat ed on run away and abused children, it was made available to researchers doing larger studies on normative group. Reliability analysis of the TSCC-A scales in the normative sample demonstrated high internal consistency. The evidence for its validations (convergent, discriminate and construct validity) showed that they were significantly acceptable. This paper presents data demonstrating the psychometric reliability and validity of the TSCC-A scales in Iranian student population. We suggest to include the TSCC-A in a battery of relevant standardized tests

O objetivo deste estudo foi normatizar e estudar a confiabilidade e validade da Escala de Sintomas de Trauma para Crianças - Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children(TSCC-A). Os dados normativos para a TSCC-A foram baseados em 3.042 estudantes que participaram de um estudo sobre prevalência de abuso infantil que abrangeu 19 cidades diferentes de Teerã e 140 participantes que haviam fugido de instituições para crianças de Teerã. Depois que o TSCC foi validado em crianças que sofreram abuso e que fugiram, ele foi disponibiliza - do aos pesquisadores que fazem estudos maiores com grupo normativo. A análise de confiabilidade da escala TSCC-A na amostra normatizada mostrou uma alta consistência interna. As evidências para essa validação (convergência, discriminação e validade de construto) mostraram que foram aceitas significativamente. Este artigo apresenta dados demonstrando a con - fiabilidade e a validade psicom étrica da escala TSCC-A na população de estudantes iranianos. Sugere-se incluir a escala TSCC-A na categoria de bateria de testes normatizados.

El objetivo de este estudio fué normatizar y estudiar la confiabilidad y validad de la Escala de Síntomas de Trauma para Niños - Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children(TSCCA). Los datos normativos para la TSCC-A fueron basados en 3.042 estudiantes que participaron en un estudio sobre prevalencia de abuso infantil que abarcó 19 ciudades diferentes de Teheran y 140 participantes que habían huído de instituições para crianças de Teheran. Después que la TSCC fué validada en niños que sufrieron abuso y que huyeron, el mismo fué disponibilizado a los investigadores que hacen estudios mayores con grupo normativo. El análisis de confiabilidad de la escala TSCC-A en la muestra normatizada mostró una alta consistencia interna. Las evidencias para esta validación (convergencia, discriminación y validad de construc - to) mostraron que fueron aceptas significativamente. Este artículo presenta datos demostrando la confiabilidad y validad psicométrica de la escala TSCC-A en la población de estudiantes iranianos. Se sugiere incluir la escala TSCC-A en la categoría de batería de tests normatizados.

Standardization of trauma symptoms checklist for children

The aim of this study was to standard and assign validity and reliability of the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children - TSCC-A. Normative data for the TSCC-A were based on 3.042 students participating in a prevalence child abuse study in 19 different loca-tions of Tehran and 140 participants who had been referred to the run away children cen-ters in Tehran. After the TSCC was validat ed on run away and abused children, it was made available to researchers doing larger studies on normative group. Reliability analysis of the TSCC-A scales in the normative sample demonstrated high internal consistency. The evidence for its validations (convergent, discriminate and construct validity) showed that they were significantly acceptable. This paper presents data demonstrating the psychometric reliability and validity of the TSCC-A scales in Iranian student population. We suggest to include the TSCC-A in a battery of relevant standardized tests(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi normatizar e estudar a confiabilidade e validade da Escala de Sintomas de Trauma para Crianças - Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children(TSCC-A). Os dados normativos para a TSCC-A foram baseados em 3.042 estudantes que participaram de um estudo sobre prevalência de abuso infantil que abrangeu 19 cidades diferentes de Teerã e 140 participantes que haviam fugido de instituições para crianças de Teerã. Depois que o TSCC foi validado em crianças que sofreram abuso e que fugiram, ele foi disponibiliza - do aos pesquisadores que fazem estudos maiores com grupo normativo. A análise de confiabilidade da escala TSCC-A na amostra normatizada mostrou uma alta consistência interna. As evidências para essa validação (convergência, discriminação e validade de construto) mostraram que foram aceitas significativamente. Este artigo apresenta dados demonstrando a con - fiabilidade e a validade psicom étrica da escala TSCC-A na população de estudantes iranianos. Sugere-se incluir a escala TSCC-A na categoria de bateria de testes normatizados.(AU)

El objetivo de este estudio fué normatizar y estudiar la confiabilidad y validad de la Escala de Síntomas de Trauma para Niños - Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children(TSCCA). Los datos normativos para la TSCC-A fueron basados en 3.042 estudiantes que participaron en un estudio sobre prevalencia de abuso infantil que abarcó 19 ciudades diferentes de Teheran y 140 participantes que habían huído de instituições para crianças de Teheran. Después que la TSCC fué validada en niños que sufrieron abuso y que huyeron, el mismo fué disponibilizado a los investigadores que hacen estudios mayores con grupo normativo. El análisis de confiabilidad de la escala TSCC-A en la muestra normatizada mostró una alta consistencia interna. Las evidencias para esta validación (convergencia, discriminación y validad de construc - to) mostraron que fueron aceptas significativamente. Este artículo presenta datos demostrando la confiabilidad y validad psicométrica de la escala TSCC-A en la población de estudiantes iranianos. Se sugiere incluir la escala TSCC-A en la categoría de batería de tests normatizados.(AU)