Imaging of Nerve Disorders in the Elbow.

Neuropathies of the elbow represent a spectrum of disorders that involve more frequently the ulnar, radial, and median nerves. Reported multiple pathogenic factors include mechanical compression, trauma, inflammatory conditions, infections, as well as tumor-like and neoplastic processes. A thorough understanding of the anatomy of these peripheral nerves is crucial because clinical symptoms and imaging findings depend on which components of the affected nerve are involved. Correlating clinical history with the imaging manifestations of these disorders requires familiarity across all diagnostic modalities. This understanding allows for a targeted imaging work-up that can lead to a prompt and accurate diagnosis.

Knowledge, attitudes and practices related to influenza illness and vaccination in children: Role of awareness campaigns in changing parents' attitudes toward influenza vaccination in Jordan.

BACKGROUND: Influenza infection is associated with a significant health burden in children, especially in developing countries. The influenza vaccine is an important preventive strategy for flu illness. Aim of this study to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) related to influenza illness and vaccination in children in the Jordanian population and to study the effect of awareness campaigns on changing the attitudes of parents toward vaccinating their children against influenza. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among families visiting shopping malls and parks in November 2016. A questionnaire was administered via in-person interviews. Answers to KAP questions regarding influenza illness and vaccination were summed, with a total KAP score of 30. Facts about influenza illness and vaccination were explained to parents and provided in printed pamphlets. RESULTS: There were 1241 respondents. 10.9% of participants had vaccinated their children during the last season 2015/2016. The mean KAP score (standard deviation) was 16.21 (4.61). People living in urban areas, with high monthly income >600 JD and healthcare workers had higher KAP scores than their counterparts. Compared to other sources of information about the influenza vaccine, health resources correlated most with vaccinating children. Awareness and educational pamphlets changed attitudes positively in 29% of parents who refused the influenza vaccine for their children. CONCLUSIONS: Awareness about influenza illness and vaccination is insufficient, and the coverage rate of influenza vaccination in children is low in the Jordanian population. Implementing public health policies is necessary to spread knowledge about influenza illness and vaccination and to promote the practice of receiving the influenza vaccine in children. Educational campaigns are helpful in changing the attitudes of parents toward vaccinating their children against the flu.

Knowledge, practices & attitude toward antibiotics use and bacterial resistance in Jordan: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance represents a significant public health problem worldwide. Irrational use of antibiotics is the main driving factor for the evolution of antimicrobials-resistant organisms. The aim of this study is to evaluate the areas of defects in the knowledge and practices of the community about antibiotic use. METHODS: A cross-sectional study on a sample of 1060 randomly-selected adults residing in the North of Jordan using a pre-validated questionnaire to evaluate knowledge, practices and attitude toward antimicrobial use and misuse, as well as to assess knowledge about antimicrobial resistance. RESULTS: Of all respondents, 41% (n = 437) stated that they have received oral antibiotics in the past two months, of which 38% acquired the antibiotics without a prescription. 32% of those who received antibiotics did not complete the recommended course of treatment. 39-54% of the sample population believe in common misconceptions/malpractices of antibiotics use. The majority (70%) of the respondents have not known about the term "antimicrobials resistance". Although people with higher education and higher income were generally more knowledgeable about appropriate antibiotics use and antimicrobial resistance, responses to some of the most important aspects in the assessment of knowledge showed no statistical difference between the different groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our data revealed major defects in the public knowledge about appropriate antibiotics use, as well as lack of awareness on "antimicrobial resistance" problem. Awareness about appropriate antibiotic use and the serious consequences of antibiotic misuse should reach everyone in the community regardless of their educational or economic status.