[Clinical effects of acupoint catgut embedding with quadruple therapy on Hp (+) chronic atro-phic gastritis of spleen and stomach deficiency syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effects of acupoint catgut embedding combined with quadruple therapy on Helicobacter pylori (Hp)-positive (+) chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) of spleen and stomach deficiency syndrome and explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS: Hp (+) CAG patients with spleen and stomach deficiency syndrome were randomly divi-ded into a control group (n=68) and a treatment group (n=71). In addition to the routine quadruple therapy for two weeks, the patients in the control group received oral Weifuchun Tablets (4 tablets once, tid.), and those in the treatment group underwent acupoint catgut embedding at Pishu (BL20), Weishu (BL21), Zhongwan (CV12), and Zusanli (ST36), once a week. The two groups were treated for three months in total. The scores of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) symptoms and signs, clinical efficacies, quality of life scale scores (PRO scores and HAMA scores), endoscopic and histopathologic scores, Hp eradication rates detected by 13C breath test, and the recurrence rates after six months of the two group were compared. The changes in serum gastrin 17 (G-17), pepsinogen Ⅰ (PGⅠ) and pepsinogen Ⅱ (PGⅡ) were detected by ELISA, and PGⅠ/PGⅡ was calculated. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the eradication rate of Hp between the two groups after treatment (P>0.05), but the recurrence rate after six months in the treatment group was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of TCM symptoms and signs, endoscopic and histopathologic scores, PRO scores, and HAMA scores were decreased in both groups (P<0.01), while serum levels of G-17, PG Ⅰ, PG Ⅱ, and PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ were increased (P<0.05, P<0.01). The treatment group was superior to the control group in alleviating stomach discomfort by pressing or warmth, decreasing the total score of TCM symptoms and signs, relieving anorexia, mottled gastric mucosa, mucosal ulcer, chronic inflammation, and activity, improving anxiety, and regulating G-17 (P<0.05, P<0.01). The effective rates of the treatment group and the control group were 40.85% (29/71) and 23.53% (16/68)，the treatment group was higher than the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Acupoint catgut embedding combined with quadruple therapy in the treatment of Hp (+) CAG of spleen and stomach deficiency syndrome is significant in clinical efficacy and low in recurrence rate, which is presumedly achieved by repairing gastric mucosa and sensitizing the secretion of G-17 and pepsinogen.

Penile augmentation with injectable hyaluronic acid gel: an alternative choice for small penis syndrome.

There is no well-established procedure for the management of small penis syndrome (SPS), especially when psychological interventions fail. This study aimed at systematically evaluating the physical and psychological benefits of penile augmentation (PA) using injectable hyaluronic acid (HA) gel. Thirty-eight patients receiving PA with HA gel from January 2017 to March 2020 were included and followed up for 1 year. Penile size, erectile function, and psychological burden measured by the Index of Male Genital Image (IMGI), Index of International Erectile Function (IIEF), and Beliefs about Penis Size (BPAS), respectively, were assessed at the beginning and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postinjection. The volume of HA gel injected was 21.5 ± 3.7 ml. Compared to baseline data, flaccid penile girth and length significantly increased by 3.41 ± 0.95 cm (P < 0.01) and 2.55 ± 0.55 cm (P < 0.01) at the 1st month postinjection, respectively. At the endpoint, despite attenuations, statistically significant improvements in flaccid penis size were still obtained, namely 2.44 ± 1.14 cm in girth (P < 0.01) and 1.65 ± 0.59 cm in length (P < 0.01). Similarly, erectile penile girth statistically increased by 1.32 ± 1.02 cm (P < 0.01) at the 1st month but were only 0.80 ± 0.54 cm bigger than baseline (P < 0.01) at the endpoint. At the 1st month, the average score of IMGI and the mean score of IIEF statistically increased by 46.2 ± 10.5 (P < 0.01) and 7.6 ± 6.2 (P < 0.01), respectively; the score of BAPS significantly decreased by 18.3 ± 4.5 (P < 0.01). These alterations remained steady during follow-up. Considering the significant penile size improvement, lasting psychological benefit, and low complication rate, PA with HA might serve as an appropriate alternative for patients with SPS.

[Normalized diagnosis and treatment of small penis: Advances in studies].

Small penis is abnormal development of the male external genitalia with unknown etiology. It is closely related to abnormal endocrine or pubertal development, chromosomal or genetic abnormalities. Pubertal growth retardation and secondary hypogonadism are commonly complicated by small penis or small testis; primary hypogonadal lesion develops in the testis; testosterone deficiency often results in small penis and short stature; sexual dysfunction and male infertility tend to occur in adult men. Attention should be paid to the four aspects concerning the clinically standardized diagnosis and treatment of small penis, namely, accurate measurement of the stretched penile length, active screening of possible causes, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, and active and effective clinical interventions for the purpose of increasing the penile length and improving the prognosis, patient's quality of life, and natural pregnancy rate.

[Normative diagnosis and treatment of small penis].

Small penis is a disease of sexual dysplasia, which might be related to chromosome or genetic abnormalities, pubertal dysplasia, endocrine abnormality, and other factors. Hypogonadism is common in small penis. Children with small penis often have small testes, short stature, and male secondary sexual deficiencies, and the incidence of infertility is high in adulthood. Small penis can be early detected by accurately measuring the stretched penile length, screening the pathogenic causes, and differentiating it from buried or concealed penis. Once definite diagnosis is made, positive clinical intervention should be initiated. Early treatment can improve the prognosis of small penis, the patient's quality of life and the rate of natural pregnancy.

[Considerations on priapism].

Priapism is a rare pathological penile erection, and there are some inadequacies in its definition, classification, diagnosis, and therapeutic strategies. In this article, we sum up our years of experience with priapism and put forward some new views and ideas about its definition, classification, pathophysiologic process, pathological change, diagnostic essentials, therapeutic measures, indications of successful treatment, and post-therapeutic rehabilitation of erectile function. We also describe the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of some special types of priapism, such as intermittent seizure, sleep-related painful erection, and tumor-related priapism, hoping to help urologists and andrologists in the further understanding and management of priapism.

A randomized clinical trial investigating treatment choice in Chinese men receiving sildenafil citrate and tadalafil for treating erectile dysfunction.

Sildenafil and tadalafil are efficacious and well tolerated in Chinese men with erectile dysfunction (ED). Recent study results indicate that men with ED in China who were naïve to phosphodiesterase inhibitor type 5 (PDE5) therapy prefer tadalafil 20-mg (on-demand) versus sildenafil 100-mg (on-demand). Differences in psychosocial outcomes may help to explain treatment preference in favor of tadalafil. This open-label, randomized, crossover study compared psychosocial outcomes and drug attribute choices between tadalafil and sildenafil in Chinese men with ED naïve to PDE5 inhibitor therapy. Eligible patients were randomized to sequential 20-mg tadalafil/100-mg sildenafil (n = 190) or 100-mg sildenafil/20-mg tadalafil (n = 193) for 8 weeks each and were asked which treatment they preferred to take for the 8-week extension phase. Psychosocial outcomes were assessed using the Psychological and Interpersonal Relationship Scale (PAIRS), Drug Attributes Questionnaire (DRAQ), and Sexual Life Quality Questionnaire (SLQQ). When taking tadalafil versus sildenafil, men had a higher mean endpoint score on the PAIRS Spontaneity Domain (tadalafil = 2.86 vs sildenafil = 2.72; P < 0.001), and a lower mean endpoint score on the Time Concerns Domain (tadalafil = 2.41 vs sildenafil = 2.55; P < 0.001). A numerical increase in the Sexual Self-Confidence Domain was observed when taking tadalafil versus sildenafil (tadalafil = 2.76 vs sildenafil = 2.72; P = 0.102). The most frequently chosen drug attributes explaining treatment preference were able to get an erection long after having drug, and ability to get an erection every time. SLQQ results were comparable between treatment groups. These psychosocial outcomes may explain why more Chinese men preferred tadalafil versus sildenafil for the treatment of ED in this clinical trial.

An analysis of treatment preferences and sexual quality of life outcomes in female partners of Chinese men with erectile dysfunction.

The impact of erectile dysfunction is distressing to both males and their female partners, but less attention has been paid to identify female partners' preferred treatment and sexual quality of life outcomes. The present analysis explores female partners' treatment preference for erectile dysfunction in Chinese Men. This was a phase 4, randomized, open-label, multicenter, crossover study in Chinese men with erectile dysfunction who were naïve to phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor treatments. Eligible patients were randomized to sequential 20-mg tadalafil/100-mg sildenafil or 100-mg sildenafil/20-mg tadalafil for 8 weeks each. Of 418 patients, female partners of 64 patients agreed to enter the study; of 64 patients who entered the study with female partners, 63 were randomized, and 62 completed the study. Baseline demographics and disease characteristics were comparable between treatment groups. Significantly more couples preferred tadalafil compared with sildenafil overall (75.4% vs 24.6%; P < 0.001), and irrespective of erectile dysfunction severity at baseline (P ≤ 0.005). Significant improvements in sexual quality of life scores were reported at endpoint (Visit 8) in male patients and female partners in both tadalafil and sildenafil treatment groups (P < 0.001). Significantly higher mean changes from baseline were observed for male patients in the tadalafil group compared with the sildenafil group for the erectile function (P = 0.013) and overall satisfaction (P = 0.019) International Index for Erectile Function domains and the spontaneity domain (P < 0.001) of the Psychological and Interpersonal Relationship Scale. No major safety concerns were reported during the study. Though both treatments were effective, safe, and tolerable, more couples preferred tadalafil compared with sildenafil.

[Diagnosis and management of sleep-related painful erections:A report of 9 cases].

Objective: To investigate the pathogenesis and management of sleep-related painful erections(SRPE). Methods: This study included 9 SRPE patients aged 39- 59( mean 47. 8) years and with a mean disease course of 13. 5 ± 1. 2 months. We conducted blood urine routine examinations, collected four blood coagulation indexes, obtained IIEF-5 scores and sexual hormone levels, and recorded the nocturnal penile tumescence( NPT) and results of polysomnographic sleep monitoring of the patients. After 1,4,8,12,and 24 weeks of individualized treatment for each patient, we performed telephone follow-up for therapeutic effects and adverse drug reactions. Results: All the 9 patients were diagnosed with primary SRPE after excluding other diseases,6 of them treated with chlorimipramine or chlorimipramine combined with other medicine and the other 3 by antiandrogen therapy. Complete pain remission was achieved by 77. 78% at 4 weeks and 66. 67% at 24 weeks. The 3 patients treated by antiandrogen therapy experienced recurrence at 24 weeks but relieved after 1 week of adjusted treatment. Conclusion: Chlorimipramine, combination of chlorimipramine with medicine, and antiandrogen therapy are all evidently effective for the treatment of primary SRPE.

An open-label, multicenter, randomized, crossover study comparing sildenafil citrate and tadalafil for treating erectile dysfunction in Chinese men naïve to phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor therapy.

The study was to compare treatment preference, efficacy, and tolerability of sildenafil citrate (sildenafil) and tadalafil for treating erectile dysfunction (ED) in Chinese men naοve to phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor therapies. This multicenter, randomized, open-label, crossover study evaluated whether Chinese men with ED preferred 20-mg tadalafil or 100-mg sildenafil. After a 4 weeks baseline assessment, 383 eligible patients were randomized to sequential 20-mg tadalafil per 100-mg sildenafil or vice versa for 8 weeks respectively and then chose which treatment they preferred to take during the 8 weeks extension. Primary efficacy was measured by Question 1 of the PDE5 Inhibitor Treatment Preference Questionnaire (PITPQ). Secondary efficacy was analyzed by PITPQ Question 2, the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) erectile function (EF) domain, sexual encounter profile (SEP) Questions 2 and 3, and the Drug Attributes Questionnaire. Three hundred and fifty men (91%) completed the randomized treatment phase. Two hundred and forty-two per 350 (69.1%) patients preferred 20-mg tadalafil, and 108/350 (30.9%) preferred 100-mg sildenafil (P < 0.001) as their treatment in the 8 weeks extension. Ninety-two per 242 (38%) patients strongly preferred tadalafil and 37/108 (34.3%) strongly the preferred sildenafil. The SEP2 (penetration), SEP3 (successful intercourse), and IIEF-EF domain scores were improved in both tadalafil and sildenafil treatment groups. For patients who preferred tadalafil, getting an erection long after taking the medication was the most reported reason for tadalafil preference. The only treatment-emergent adverse event reported by > 2% of men was headache. After tadalafil and sildenafil treatments, more Chinese men with ED naοve to PDE5 inhibitor preferred tadalafil. Both sildenafil and tadalafil treatments were effective and safe.

Chinese urologists' practice patterns of diagnosing and treating chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a questionnaire survey.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the application of the Chinese Urological Association (CUA) guidelines on prostatitis and the effects on the clinical practice patterns of diagnosing and treating chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) among Chinese urologists. METHODS: We conducted a questionnaire investigation of the CUA guidelines on prostatitis among the urologists from 399 hospitals in 63 cities of China, and performed statistical analyses on all the eligible questionnaires collected. RESULTS: Of the 2 251 questionnaires distributed, 2 046 (90.9%) were eligible, of which 92.5% were from the urologists in tertiary or secondary hospitals, of whom 72.3% had senior or intermediate professional titles, and 90.2% had studied the CUA guidelines. Most respondents agreed that Type III prostatitis was a clinical syndrome, of which the diagnosis should be made after other conditions with similar symptoms had been ruled out and the aim was to relieve pain, alleviate urination symptoms and improve quality of life. Those who had and those who had not studied the CUA guidelines differed in their viewpoints on CPPS as illustrated in the guidelines. In clinical practice, the most common treatment options for CPPS were pharmaceutical therapy (95.0%), life style adjustment (88.9%), and psychotherapy (79.9%), and the most frequently prescribed drugs were phytotherapy (84.5%), α-blockers (79.0%) and antibiotics (64.0%). CONCLUSION: CUA guidelines on prostatitis has gained a nationwide application and promoted the standardization of the management of CPPS in China.

[Micropump infusion of gonadorelin in the treatment of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in patients with pituitary stalk interruption syndrome: cases analysis and literature review].

Two cases of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism caused by pituitary stalk interruption syndrome treated by pulse infusion of gonadorelin via micropump were reported, and their clinical features and the treatment process of pulse infusion of gonadorelin via micropump summarized. Both of the 2 patients were presented primarily with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. After the treatment with pulse infusion of gonadorelin via micropump, their syndrome of androgen deficiency improved and the gonadotropin levels promoted at the end of 12 weeks' follow-up. Pulse infusion of gonadorelin via micropump is an alternative to treat hypogonadotropic hypogonadism caused by pituitary stalk interruption syndrome.

[Changes in the ultrastructure of sperm flagella in severe idiopathic asthenospermia patients: observation of 22 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the ultrastructural changes of sperm flagella in patients with severe idiopathic asthenospermia. METHODS: Using the transmission electron microscope, we examined the ultrastructure of sperm flagella from 22 patients with severe idiopathic asthenospermia. RESULTS: Ultrastructural anomalies were found in all the 22 patients, 6 with partial or complete absence of internal and external dynamic arms in dedicative of primary ciliary dyskinesia, 1 with hyperplasia, hypertrophy and disordered organization of the fibrous sheath usually referred to as dysplasia of the fibrous sheath, and the other 15 with non-specific flagellar anomalies. CONCLUSION: Examination of the ultrastructure of sperm flagella in severe idiopathic asthenospermia patients can help to distinguish congenital from acquired flagellar structural anomalies and give valuable guidance in the treatment.

[Distal cavernosal-glan shunt for ischemic priapism: a long-term follow-up study].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the management of ischemic priapism (IP) by analyzing the clinical and follow-up data of IP patients. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 8 IP patients treated in our hospital from January 2004 to June 2010 and analyzed the results of follow-ups by telephone calls and clinic visits. RESULTS: The average age of the patients was 34.5 (23 -41) years and the mean duration of priapism was 84.5 (36 -132) hours. All the patients had received previous detumescence treatment but failed before referred to our hospital. Irrigation/aspiration was performed at first, which achieved complete detumescence in 1 case and partial or transitional detumescence in the other 7. Subsequently, bilateral Al-Ghorab shunt was tried and succeeded in 2 cases but failed in 5. Finally, T-shunt was conducted, which achieved complete resumption in all the remaining 5 cases. Follow-up data were available in 5 of the cases, which were followed up for 12 -66 (mean 54) months. Of the 5 cases, moderate ED occurred in 2, and complete ED in 3. The latter 3 had suffered a longer duration of IP than the former 2. CONCLUSION: If detumescence failes, early intervention by T-shunt can improve the success rate of IP treatment.

Association of depression/anxiety with lower urinary tract symptoms and erectile dysfunction in Chinese men aged from 22 to 50 years.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationships among lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), erectile dysfunction (ED) and mental health in Chinese men aged from 22 to 50. METHODS: The subjects were 907 men aged between 22 and 50 years. The symptoms of mental distress were evaluated by the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale questionnaires and Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale questionnaires. The symptoms of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS), LUTS and ED were assessed by the US National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI), the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and the International Index of Erectile Function 5 (IIEF-5) score. RESULTS: In the study, 894 subjects had their complete data. Their mean NIH-CPSI score was higher for the men with depression and anxiety than for those without (6.2±6.2 vs. 5.0±5.8, P=0.015; 8.7±8.1 vs. 4.7± 5.3, P<0.001), with the mean IPSS score (5.9±6.6 vs. 4.7±5.8, P=0.029; 8.4±8.0 vs. 4.4±5.5, P<0.001). The mean IIEF-5 score was lower for the men with depression and anxiety than for those without (18.3±4.4 vs. 20.2±3.5; 17.2±4.1 vs. 20.1±3.6, both P<0.001). The proportion of total ED was higher for the men with depression and anxiety than for those without (69.7% vs. 57.8%, P=0.002; 81.1% vs. 57.0%, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Our study reveals associations among depression, anxiety, and CPPS, LUTS and ED in Chinese men aged 50 years and younger.

[Application of CUA Guidelines on Prostatitis in the management of chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a nationwide survey].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the application of the Chinese Urological Association (CUA) Guidelines on Prostatitis and its effects on the clinical practice patterns of diagnosing and treating chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) among Chinese urologists and andrologists. METHODS: We conducted a questionnaire investigation on the application of the CUA Guidelines on Prostatitis among the urologists and andrologists of 173 hospitals in 21 cities of China, and performed statistical analyses on all the eligible questionnaires collected. RESULTS: Of the 1 056 questionnaires distributed, 851 (80.6%) were eligible, of which 71.6% were from the urologists or andrologists in grade 3 hospitals, 80.7% of them with senior or intermediate professional titles and 97.5% had studied the CUA Guidelines. Most of the subjects agreed that Type III prostatitis is a clinical syndrome, whose diagnosis should exclude other conditions with similar symptoms, and whose treatment should aim at relieving pain, alleviating urination symptoms and improving the quality of life. Those who had and those who had not studied the CUA Guidelines differed in their viewpoints on CPPS as illustrated in the book. In clinical practice, the most common treatment options for CPPS were psychological therapy (80.7%), medication (80.4%) and life style adjustment (79.6%), and the most frequently used drugs were phytotherapy (80.0%), alpha-blockers (68.9%) and antibiotics (61.0%). CONCLUSION: CUA Guidelines on Prostatitis has gained a nationwide application and promoted the standardization of the management of CPPS in China.

[Synthesis and experimental study of a novel polymer/gene compound drug controlled release system for the treatment of erectile dysfunction].

OBJECTIVE: To overcome the deficiency in the current therapies for erectile dysfunction (ED), we designed and synthesized a novel high-efficiency polymer/gene compound drug controlled release system and discussed the feasibility of pH and temperature dually sensitive injectable hydrogel in ED gene therapy. METHODS: We synthesized optimal siRNA gene nanoparticles by characterizing the zeta potential of polylysine (PLL)/siRNA gene compounds, and established a pH and temperature dually sensitive injectable gene compound drug controlled release system via Schiffs reaction between glycol chitosan (GC) and benzaldehyde capped OHC-PEO-PPO-PEO-CHO. Then we demonstrated the sustained release of the system at different temperatures. RESULTS: When the mass ratio of PLL to siRNA was 20:1, the zeta potential of the PLL/siRNA gene compound reached the peak (+23.5 mV) and the siRNA was encapsulated by PLL in the maximal degree. GC and OHC-PEO-PPO-PEO-CHO was crosslinked via benzoicimine reaction when environmental pH was changed from 5.5 to 7.4. The reslease of the siRNA encapsulated in this system kept at a low rate at 37 degrees C, significantly enhanced with the increase of the temperature to 60 degrees C, rising to (122.5 +/- 5.3) microg at 1 000 minutes as compared with (23.8 +/- 6.0) microg at 37 degrees C (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The polymer/gene compound drug controlled release system was successfully synthesized, which improved the stability and capacity of gene carriers and achieved siRNA release at different temperatures, promising to be a new approach to the gene therapy of ED.

Androgen replacement therapy improves psychological distress and health-related quality of life in late onset hypogonadism patients in Chinese population.

BACKGROUND: Late onset hypogonadism negatively impacts on men's psychological well-being. This study was conducted to examine the interrelationship among symptoms of testosterone deficiency, psychological well-being, and quality of life. METHODS: Eligible subjects were randomized into active treatment and control groups, and were asked to complete the following questionnaires at baseline and month 6: aging male's symptoms (AMS) rating scale, hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), perceived stress scale (PSS) and the short form health survey-12 (SF-12). In this study, men were treated and monitored for 6 months with oral testosterone undecanoate (TU) capsules or vitamin E/C capsules in a single-blinded fashion. All in the active treatment group were administered a total of 120 - 160 mg TU orally on a daily basis. Total and free T levels between baseline and month 6 were compared. RESULTS: One hundred and sixty eligible subjects were recruited and followed up. In the active treatment group, total serum testosterone concentrations before and after intervention were (7.98 ± 0.73) nmol/L and (13.7 ± 1.18) nmol/L. The mean HADS anxiety subscale scores for the subjects at baseline and at month 6 were 3.47 ± 0.4 and 1.72 ± 0.2, respectively (t = 1.526, P < 0.05). Additionally, the mean HADS depression subscale scores were 4.91 ± 0.6 and 2.39 ± 0.3, respectively (t = 3.466, P < 0.05). The mean scores on PSS for the subjects at baseline and at month 6 were 12.88 ± 2.1 and 9.83 ± 1.7, respectively (t = 4.009, P < 0.05). Significantly improved SF-12 could be observed (t = 1.433 and 1.118, respectively; both P < 0.05). No significant changes were observed in the control group at month 6. CONCLUSION: Androgen replacement not only improves androgen deficiency associated symptoms, but also enhances comprehensive improvement in psychological issues.

Gold nanoparticles as a label-free probe for the detection of amyloidogenic protein.

Because amyloidogenic proteins, such as prion protein, ß-amyloid peptide and α-synuclein, are associated with a variety of diseases, methods for their detection are important. Recombinant prion protein (rPrP) can selectively induce aggregation of dihydrolipoic acid capped gold nanoparticles (DHLA-AuNPs), which reduces the absorbance of the DHLA-AuNPs and changes their color from red to blue. These changes were used for label-free qualitative and quantitative detection of amyloidogenic protein. The addition of NaCl improved the detection sensitivity considerably, and the detection limit was as low as 33 pmol/L.

A preliminary evaluation of the psychometric profiles in Chinese men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome.

BACKGROUND: As one of the most commonly diagnosed diseases, chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is characterized by a variety of complex symptoms. Anxiety and depression are two of the most prevalent clinical manifestations of patients with CP/CPPS, and have adverse effects on the health of the subjects and prognosis of comorbidities. Such psychological disorders, however, have not been deeply and thoroughly studied in China. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and severity of psychological disorders in Chinese adults with CP/CPPS. METHODS: From April 2008 to June 2009, 80 patients and 40 age-matched healthy men participating in a voluntary health examination were recruited. The majority of the subjects completed the questionnaires on the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) as well as the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS). RESULTS: Of all the participants, 77 (96.3%) patients and 37 (92.5%) healthy controls completed the questionnaires. The average NIH-CPSI total score was 21.0 ± 9.5 for the patients and 2.2 ± 1.5 for the controls (P = 0.03). Of the 77 patients with CP/CPPS, 48 (62.3%), 5 (6.5%), and 1 (1.2%) had anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, or both anxiety and depression symptoms, respectively. For the controls, the average HADS anxiety and depression scores in patients were 14.5 ± 6.8 and 5.2 ± 4.5, which were both significantly higher than in controls. Moreover, the prevalence and the symptom scores of both the HADS anxiety and depression were higher for the younger age group (< 35 years) than for the older age group (< 35 years). CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary study revealed that male patients with CP/CPPS had a higher prevalence of psychological disorders than in the control subjects. Moreover, the differences of the prevalence and severity of the psychological symptoms between the two different age groups may imply that psychological disorders related to CP/CPPS may be relieved with increasing age. The present study indicated that psychological evaluation is important in men with CP/CPPS, especially in younger men.