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BACKGROUND: Depression is a leading cause of disability and poor health worldwide and is expected to rank first worldwide by 2030. The aim of this study is to analyze the transition and trend of depression burden in China and various income-level countries by utilizing the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database and the Joinpoint regression model. This analysis seeks to comprehend the variations in the burden of depression across different income regions and evaluate their developmental patterns. METHODS: Based on the GBD 2019 open dataset, this study extracted data on YLD (Years Lived with Disability), DALY (Disability-Adjusted Life Years), and incidence related to depression. The analysis focused on the period between 1990 and 2019, covering global data and distinguishing between high-income, upper-middle-income, lower-middle-income, low-income countries, and China. We utilized the Joinpoint regression model to fit the spatiotemporal trend changes among different income-level countries. Pairwise comparisons were conducted to examine the parallelism and to determine if the differences in trend changes among various regions were statistically significant. RESULTS: From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized YLD and DALY for depression female were higher than that in male. The YLD total change rate of depression men was higher than that of women. China exhibited the largest disparity in total YLD change rates between genders, reaching 0.08. During 1990 to 2019, the incidence of depression in 2005-2019 increased among females in middle to high-income countries, low-income countries, and China as compare to that of 1990-2005. Notably, China shown the most increase the incidence rate of females (from -0.4 % to 0.84 %). China experienced the most significant change in the YLD of depression during this period (AAPC = 0.45, 95 % CI = 0.41, 0.48, P < 0.01). China's YLD/Incidence rate was higher compared to the global, HICs, UMCs, LMCs, and LICs. In China, the YLD/incidence rate of depression began to rise in 1994, peaking around 2010, and then gradually declining. Since 2010, the growth rate of depression DALYs in China has been higher than the global average, high-income countries, upper-middle-income countries, lower-middle-income countries, and low-income countries. The DALY's AAPC value for the HLCs was the highest (AAPC = 0.24, 95 % CI = 0.22, 0.25, P < 0.01). The UMCs, in comparison to other regions, incidence rate had the highest AAPC value (AAPC = 0.48, 95 % CI = 0.46, 0.50, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Given the significant variations in the burden of depression across countries with different income levels, future strategies aimed at reducing the burden of depression should adopt tailored and differentiated approaches according to each country's specific needs and developmental stages.
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Depresión , Carga Global de Enfermedades , Humanos , China/epidemiología , Masculino , Femenino , Depresión/epidemiología , Incidencia , Carga Global de Enfermedades/tendencias , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Años de Vida Ajustados por Discapacidad/tendencias , Renta/estadística & datos numéricos , Países en Desarrollo/estadística & datos numéricos , Análisis de Regresión , Bases de Datos Factuales , Personas con Discapacidad/estadística & datos numéricos , Costo de Enfermedad , Trastorno Depresivo/epidemiología , Anciano , Países Desarrollados/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
The frequency domain characteristics of acoustic emission can reflect issues such as rock structure and stress conditions that are difficult to analyze in time domain parameters. Studying the influence of immersion time on the mechanical properties and acoustic emission frequency domain characteristics of muddy mineral rocks is of great significance for comprehensively analyzing rock changes under water-rock coupling conditions. In this study, uniaxial compression tests and acoustic emission tests were conducted on sandstones containing montmorillonite under dry, saturated, and different immersion time conditions, with a focus on analyzing the effect of immersion time on the dominant frequency of rock acoustic emission. The results indicated that immersion time had varying degrees of influence on compressive strength, the distribution characteristics of dominant acoustic emission frequencies, the frequency range of dominant frequencies, and precursor information of instability failure for sandstones. After initial saturation, the strength of the rock sample decreased from 53.52 MPa in the dry state to 49.51 MPa, and it stabilized after 30 days of immersion. Both dry and initially saturated rock samples exhibited three dominant frequency bands. After different immersion days, a dominant frequency band appeared between 95 kHz and 110 kHz. After 5 days of immersion, the dominant frequency band near 0 kHz gradually disappeared. After 60 days of immersion, the dominant frequency band between 35 kHz and 40 kHz gradually disappeared, and with increasing immersion time, the dominant frequency of the acoustic emission signals increased. During the loading process of dry rock samples, the dominant frequency of acoustic emission signals was mainly concentrated between 0 kHz and 310 kHz, while after saturation, the dominant frequencies were all below 180 kHz. The most significant feature before the rupture of dry rock samples was the frequent occurrence of high frequencies and sudden changes in dominant frequencies. Before rupture, the characteristics of precursor events for initially saturated and immersed samples for 5, 10, and 30 days were the appearance and rapid increase in sudden changes in dominant frequencies, as well as an enlargement of the frequency range of dominant frequencies. After 60 days of immersion, the precursor characteristics of rock sample rupture gradually disappeared, and sudden changes in dominant frequencies frequently occurred at various stages of sample loading, making it difficult to accurately predict the rupture of specimens based on these sudden changes.
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A novel Ag-catalyzed ring opening of unsymmetric cyclopropenones for the stereoselective synthesis of a diverse range of α-alkylidene lactones has been developed. In this protocol, two different C-C(O) bonds were distinguished, demonstrating selective C-C bond activation. This reaction features a wide substrate scope, good functional group compatibility, and high atom economy, providing a versatile and general approach to the construction of α-alkylidene lactones.
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Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease (AD). Currently, there is no cure for PD, and medications can only control the progression of the disease. Various experimental studies have shown the significant efficacy of TCM in treating PD, and combination with western medicine can enhance the effects and reduce toxicity. Thus, exploring effective anti-PD compounds from TCM has become a popular research fields. This review summarizes commonly used TCM extracts and natural products for the treatment of PD, both domestically and internationally. Furthermore, it delves into various mechanisms of TCM in treating PD, such as anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, improve mitochondrial dysfunction, inhibits α-synuclein (α-Syn) misfolding and aggregation, regulating neurotransmitters, regulates intestinal flora, enhances immunity, and so on. The results reveal that most TCMs exert their neuroprotective effects through anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress actions, thereby slowing down the progression of the disease. These TCM may hold the key to improving PD therapy and have tremendous potential to be developed as novel anti-PD drugs.
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Antiinflamatorios , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Medicina Tradicional China , Fármacos Neuroprotectores , Estrés Oxidativo , Enfermedad de Parkinson , Enfermedad de Parkinson/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/farmacología , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/química , Animales , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Productos Biológicos/farmacología , alfa-Sinucleína/metabolismoRESUMEN
Purpose: The committed differentiation fate regulation has been a difficult problem in the fields of stem cell research, evidence showed that nanomaterials could promote the differentiation of stem cells into specific cell types. Layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles possess the regulation function of stem cell fate, while the underlying mechanism needs to be investigated. In this study, the process of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) differentiate to neural progenitor cells (NPCs) by magnesium aluminum LDH (MgAl-LDH) was investigated. Methods: MgAl-LDH with diameters of 30, 50, and 100 nm were synthesized and characterized, and their effects on the cytotoxicity and differentiation of NPCs were detected in vitro. Dot blot and MeRIP-qPCR were performed to detect the level of m6A RNA methylation in nanoparticles-treated cells. Results: Our work displayed that LDH nanoparticles of three different sizes were biocompatible with NPCs, and the addition of MgAl-LDH could significantly promote the process of ESCs differentiate to NPCs. 100 nm LDH has a stronger effect on promoting NPCs differentiation compared to 30 nm and 50 nm LDH. In addition, dot blot results indicated that the enhanced NPCs differentiation by MgAl-LDH was closely related to m6A RNA methylation process, and the major modification enzyme in LDH controlled NPCs differentiation may be the m6A RNA methyltransferase METTL3. The upregulated METTL3 by LDH increased the m6A level of Sox1 mRNA, enhancing its stability. Conclusion: This work reveals that MgAl-LDH nanoparticles can regulate the differentiation of ESCs into NPCs by increasing m6A RNA methylation modification of Sox1.
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Diferenciación Celular , Nanopartículas , Células-Madre Neurales , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Células-Madre Neurales/efectos de los fármacos , Células-Madre Neurales/citología , Células-Madre Neurales/metabolismo , Ratones , Nanopartículas/química , Metilación/efectos de los fármacos , Hidróxidos/química , Hidróxidos/farmacología , Metiltransferasas/metabolismo , Metiltransferasas/genética , Tamaño de la Partícula , Células Madre Embrionarias/efectos de los fármacos , Células Madre Embrionarias/citología , Adenosina/farmacología , Adenosina/química , Adenosina/análogos & derivados , Hidróxido de Aluminio/química , Hidróxido de Aluminio/farmacología , Hidróxido de Magnesio/química , Hidróxido de Magnesio/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Inferior vena cava (IVC) filters are considered when patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) develop a contraindication to anticoagulation. Use of IVC filters is increasing, despite associated complications and lack of data on efficacy in reducing VTE-related mortality. We characterized the pattern of IVC filter use at a large community hospital between 2018 and 2022. Specifically, we assessed the indications for IVC filter insertion, filter removal rates, and filter-associated complications. Indications for IVC filters were compared to those outlined by current clinical practice guidelines. We reviewed 120 consecutive filter placement events. The most common indications included recent VTE and active bleeding (40.0%) or need for anticoagulation interruption for surgery (25.8%). Approximately one-third (30.0%) of IVC filters were inserted for indications either not supported or addressed by guidelines. Half (50.0%) of patients had successful removal of their IVC filter. At least 13 patients (10.8%) experienced a filter-related complication. In a large community-based practice, nearly one-third of IVC filters were inserted for indications not universally supported by current practice guidelines. Moreover, most IVC filters were not removed, raising the risk of filter-associated complications, and supporting the need for development of comprehensive guidelines addressing use of IVC filters, and post-insertion monitoring practices.
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Hospitales Comunitarios , Filtros de Vena Cava , Tromboembolia Venosa , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Femenino , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tromboembolia Venosa/prevención & control , Anciano , Anticoagulantes/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Remoción de Dispositivos/métodosRESUMEN
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) capsid assembly modulators (CAMs) represent a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of HBV infection. In this study, the hit compound CDI (IC50 = 2.46 ± 0.33 µM) was identified by screening of an in-house compound library. And then novel potent benzimidazole derivatives were designed and synthesized as core assembly modulators, and their antiviral effects were evaluated in vitro and in vivo biological experiments. The results indicated that compound 26f displayed the most optimized modulator of HBV capsid assembly (IC50 = 0.51 ± 0.20 µM, EC50 = 2.24 ± 0.43 µM, CC50 = 84.29 µM) and high selectivity index. Moreover, treatment with compound 26f for 14 days significantly decreased serum levels of HBV DNA levels in the Hydrodynamic-Injection (HDI) mouse model. Therefore, compound 26f could be considered as a promising candidate drug for further development of novel HBV CAMs with the desired potency and safety.
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Antivirales , Bencimidazoles , Virus de la Hepatitis B , Hepatitis B , Bencimidazoles/química , Bencimidazoles/farmacología , Bencimidazoles/síntesis química , Antivirales/farmacología , Antivirales/química , Antivirales/síntesis química , Virus de la Hepatitis B/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Ratones , Humanos , Hepatitis B/tratamiento farmacológico , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Estructura Molecular , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Cápside/efectos de los fármacos , Cápside/metabolismo , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Células Hep G2 , Desarrollo de MedicamentosRESUMEN
American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) is used as tonic plant and high-grade nourishment. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) method was established for identifying the chemical constituent in three morphological regions of American ginseng, including main root (MR), rhizome (RH) and lateral root (LR). The 63 saponins was identified in different morphological regions of 10 American ginseng samples. The chemical maker compounds in corresponding morphological region, while the major compounds of MR (malonyl-ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rd, Rs2 and pseudo-RC1), LR (stipuleanoside R2, ginsenoside Re and malonyl-ginsenoside Rc), and RH (malonyl-ginsenoside Rd, Rb3, and chikusetsu saponin II) were discovered. Correlation analysis showed that 11 compounds were positively correlated with the antioxidant activity of American ginseng. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-023-01453-4.
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Invasive candidiasis, attributed to Candida albicans, has long been a formidable threat to human health. Despite the advent of effective therapeutics in recent decades, the mortality rate in affected patient populations remains discouraging. This is exacerbated by the emergence of multidrug resistance, significantly limiting the utility of conventional antifungals. Consequently, researchers are compelled to continuously explore novel solutions. Natural phytochemicals present a potential adjunct to the existing arsenal of agents. Previous studies have substantiated the efficacy of phytochemicals against C. albicans. Emerging evidence also underscores the promising application of phytochemicals in the realm of antifungal treatment. This review systematically delineates the inhibitory activity of phytochemicals, both in monotherapy and combination therapy, against C. albicans in both in vivo and in vitro settings. Moreover, it elucidates the mechanisms underpinning the antifungal properties, encompassing (i) cell wall and plasma membrane damage, (ii) inhibition of efflux pumps, (iii) induction of mitochondrial dysfunction, and (iv) inhibition of virulence factors. Subsequently, the review introduces the substantial potential of nanotechnology and photodynamic technology in enhancing the bioavailability of phytochemicals. Lastly, it discusses current limitations and outlines future research priorities, emphasizing the need for high-quality research to comprehensively establish the clinical efficacy and safety of phytochemicals in treating fungal infections. This review aims to inspire further contemplation and recommendations for the effective integration of natural phytochemicals in the development of new medicines for patients afflicted with C. albicans.
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Antifúngicos , Candida albicans , Fitoquímicos , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Candida albicans/efectos de los fármacos , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Humanos , Animales , Candidiasis/tratamiento farmacológico , Pruebas de Sensibilidad MicrobianaRESUMEN
Bone tissue defects present a major challenge in orthopedic surgery. Bone tissue engineering using multiple versatile bioactive materials is a potential strategy for bone-defect repair and regeneration. Due to their unique physicochemical and mechanical properties, biofunctional materials can enhance cellular adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation, thereby supporting and stimulating the formation of new bone tissue. 3D bioprinting and physical stimuli-responsive strategies have been employed in various studies on bone regeneration for the fabrication of desired multifunctional biomaterials with integrated bone tissue repair and regeneration properties. In this review, biomaterials applied to bone tissue engineering, emerging 3D bioprinting techniques, and physical stimuli-responsive strategies for the rational manufacturing of novel biomaterials with bone therapeutic and regenerative functions are summarized. Furthermore, the impact of biomaterials on the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells and the potential pathways associated with biomaterial-induced osteogenesis are discussed.
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Materiales Biocompatibles , Regeneración Ósea , Huesos , Osteogénesis , Ingeniería de Tejidos , Ingeniería de Tejidos/métodos , Osteogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Materiales Biocompatibles/química , Materiales Biocompatibles/farmacología , Regeneración Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Huesos/efectos de los fármacos , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Andamios del Tejido/química , Animales , Impresión Tridimensional , Bioimpresión/métodosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Venous thromboembolism(VTE)is a common multifactorial disease. Anticoagulant protein deficiency is the most usual hereditary thrombophilia in the Chinese people, which includes protein C(PC), protein S and antithrombin deficiencies. CASE PRESENTATION: A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, genetic information, and other relevant data of siblings diagnosed with VTE in 2020 at the Department of Pediatrics of Shenzhen Second People's Hospital. The proband, a 12-year-old female, was admitted to the hospital in December 2020 with a complaint of pain in the left lower limb for four days. The examination found that the PC activity was 53%, and B-ultrasound showed bilateral thrombosis of the great saphenous vein in the thigh segment. The proband's younger brother, a 10-year-old male, was admitted to the hospital in January 2021 due to right lower limb pain for two weeks. PC activity is 40%. B-ultrasound showed superficial venous thrombosis in the left lower limb and upper limb. Both siblings suffered from thalassemia and underwent splenectomy before recurrent thrombosis occurred. The proband's mother was asymptomatic, and her PC activity was 45%. Both cases were treated with warfarin anticoagulation, and their symptoms improved. The proband's mother was found to have a heterozygous mutation at this locus through Sanger sequencing. CONCLUSION: Protein C deficiency should be considered for venous thromboembolism in childhood. The heterozygous mutation 1204 A > G in PROC exon 9 in this family is reported for the first time.
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Coronaviruses (CoVs) are responsible for a wide range of illnesses in both animals and human. The main protease (Mpro) of CoVs is an attractive drug target, owing its critical and highly conserved role in viral replication. Here, we developed and refined an enzymatic technique to identify putative Mpro inhibitors from 189 marine chemicals and 46 terrestrial natural products. The IC50 values of Polycarpine (1a), a marine natural substance we studied and synthesized, are 30.0 ± 2.5 nM for SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and 0.12 ± 0.05 µM for PEDV Mpro. Our research further demonstrated that pretreatment with Polycarpine (1a) inhibited the betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and alphacoronavirus PEDV multiplication in Vero-E6 cells. As a result, Polycarpine (1a), a pan-inhibitor of Mpro, will function as an effective and promising antiviral option to combat CoVs infection and as a foundation for further therapeutic research.
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Antivirales , Urocordados , Animales , Chlorocebus aethiops , Humanos , Antivirales/farmacología , Inhibidores de Proteasas/farmacología , SARS-CoV-2 , Células VeroRESUMEN
Aurantii Fructus (AF) and Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (AFI) have been used for thousands of years as traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with sedative effects. Modern studies have shown that Citrus plants also have protective effects on the nervous system. However, the effective substances and mechanisms of action in Citrus TCMs still remain unclear. In order to explore the pharmacodynamic profiles of identified substances and the action mechanism of these herbs, a comprehensive approach combining ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS) analysis and network pharmacology was employed. Firstly, UNIFI 2.1.1 software was used to identify the chemical characteristics of AF and AFI. Secondly, the SwissTargetPrediction database was used to predict the targets of chemical components in AF and AFI. Targets for neuroprotection were also collected from GeneCards: The Human Gene Database (GeneCards-Human Genes|Gene Database|Gene Search). The networks between targets and compounds or diseases were then constructed using Cytoscape 3.9.1. Finally, the Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery Database (DAVID) (DAVID Functional Annotation Bioinformatics Microarray Analysis) was used for GO and pathway enrichment analysis. The results showed that 50 of 188 compounds in AF and AFI may have neuroprotective biological activities. These activities are associated with the regulatory effects of related components on 146 important signaling pathways, derived from the KEGG (KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes), such as neurodegeneration (hsa05022), the Alzheimer's disease pathway (hsa05010), the NF-kappa B signaling pathway (hsa04064), the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 signaling pathway (hsa04066), apoptosis (hsa04210), the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance signaling pathway (hsa01521), and others, by targeting 108 proteins, including xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH), glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B (GRIN2B), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), among others. These targets are thought to be related to inflammation, neural function and cell growth.
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Biosensors have emerged as ideal analytical devices for various bio-applications owing to their low cost, convenience, and portability, which offer great potential for improving global healthcare. DNA self-assembly techniques have been enriched with the development of innovative amplification strategies, such as dispersion-to-localization of catalytic hairpin assembly, and dumbbell hybridization chain reaction, which hold great significance for building biosensors capable of realizing sensitive, rapid and multiplexed detection of pathogenic microorganisms. Here, focusing primarily on the signal amplification strategies based on DNA self-assembly, we concisely summarized the strengths and weaknesses of diverse isothermal nucleic acid amplification techniques. Subsequently, both single-layer and cascade amplification strategies based on traditional catalytic hairpin assembly and hybridization chain reaction were critically explored. Furthermore, a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in DNA self-assembled biosensors for the detection of pathogenic microorganisms is presented to summarize methods for biorecognition and signal amplification. Finally, a brief discussion is provided about the current challenges and future directions of DNA self-assembled biosensors.
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Técnicas Biosensibles , ADN , ADN/genética , Hibridación de Ácido Nucleico/métodos , Técnicas Biosensibles/métodos , Técnicas de Amplificación de Ácido Nucleico/métodos , Catálisis , Límite de DetecciónRESUMEN
In addition to hemostasis and coagulation, years of studies have proved that platelets are involved in the whole process of tumor progression, including tumor invasion, intravasation, extravasation, and so on. It means that this property of platelets can be used in anti-tumor therapy. However, traditional platelet-based antitumor drugs often cause autologous platelet damage due to lack of targeting, resulting in serious side effects. Therefore, the researchers designed a variety of anti-tumor drug delivery systems based on platelets by targeting platelets or platelet membrane coating. The drug delivery systems have special response modes, which is crucial in the design of nanoparticles. These modes enhance the targeting and improve the anti-tumor effect. Here, we present a review of recent discoveries in the field of the crosstalk between platelets and tumors and the progress of platelet-based anti-tumor nanoparticles.
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Antineoplásicos , Nanopartículas , Neoplasias , Humanos , Plaquetas , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Membrana Celular , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos/métodosRESUMEN
Chronic low back pain (LBP) caused by intervertebral disc (IVD) degradation is a serious socioeconomic burden that can cause severe disabilities. Addressing the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of IVD degeneration may inspire novel therapeutic strategy for LBP. Herein, hypoxic preconditioning improves both the biological function of MSCs in hostile microenvironments and enhances the production of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) with desirable therapeutic functions. In vitro results reveal that hypoxic preconditional engineering sEVs (HP-sEVs) alleviate the inflammatory microenvironments of IVD degradation, enhance the proliferation of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells, and promote proteoglycan synthesis and collagen formation. Transcriptomic sequencing reveales the excellent therapeutic effects of HP-sEVs in promoting extracellular matrix regeneration through the delivery of microRNA(miR)-7-5p, which further suppresses p65 production and thus the inhibition of Cxcl2 production. Moreover, in vivo results further confirm the robust therapeutic role of HP-sEVs in promoting IVD regeneration through the same mechanism mediated by miR-7-5p delivery. In conclusion, this study provides a novel therapeutic strategy for treating IVD degradation and is thus valuable for understanding the mechanism-of-action of HP-sEVs in IVD regeneration associated with chronic lower back pain.
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Vesículas Extracelulares , Degeneración del Disco Intervertebral , Disco Intervertebral , MicroARNs , Humanos , Vesículas Extracelulares/metabolismo , Disco Intervertebral/metabolismo , Degeneración del Disco Intervertebral/terapia , Degeneración del Disco Intervertebral/metabolismo , MicroARNs/genética , MicroARNs/metabolismo , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , FN-kappa B/farmacología , FN-kappa B/uso terapéutico , Regeneración , Quimiocina CXCL2/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: In patients with acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT) treated with catheter-based thrombolysis and venous stenting, poststenting anticoagulant management is uncertain. OBJECTIVES: To determine the type and duration of antithrombotic therapy used in patients who have received venous stents for treatment of acute lower extremity DVT. METHODS: We created an international registry of patients with leg DVT from 2005 to 2019 who received venous stents as part of their acute management. We collected data on baseline clinical characteristics and pre-venous and post-venous stent antithrombotic therapy. RESULTS: We studied 173 patients with venous stents: 101 (58%) were aged ≤50 years, 105 (61%) were female, and 128 (74%) had risk factors for thrombotic disease. DVT was iliofemoral in 150 (87%) patients, and catheter-based treatment was given within 7 days of diagnosis in 92 (53%) patients. After venous stenting, 109 (63%) patients received anticoagulant-only therapy with a direct oral anticoagulant (29%), warfarin (22%), or low-molecular-weight heparin (10%), and 59 (34%) received anticoagulant-antiplatelet therapy. In patients taking anticoagulant-only therapy, 29% received indefinite treatment; in patients on anticoagulant-antiplatelet therapy, 19% received indefinite treatment. Factors associated with combined anticoagulant-antiplatelet therapy vs anticoagulant-only therapy were use of thrombolytic, thrombectomy, and aspiration interventions (odds ratio [OR], 5.11; 95% CI, 1.45-18.05); use of balloon angioplasty (OR, 2.62; 95% CI, 1.20-5.76); and immediate stent restenosis (OR, 7.2; 95% CI, 1.45-5.89). CONCLUSION: Anticoagulant therapy without concomitant antiplatelet therapy appears to be the most common antithrombotic strategy in patients with DVT and venous stenting. More research is needed to determine outcomes of venous stenting in relation to antithrombotic therapy.
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Fibrinolíticos , Trombosis de la Vena , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Fibrinolíticos/efectos adversos , Terapia Trombolítica/efectos adversos , Inhibidores de Agregación Plaquetaria/uso terapéutico , Resultado del Tratamiento , Vena Femoral , Trombosis de la Vena/tratamiento farmacológico , Trombosis de la Vena/etiología , Anticoagulantes/efectos adversos , Stents , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
The committed differentiation of stem cells into neurons is a promising therapeutic strategy for neurological diseases. Predifferentiation of transplanted stem cells into neural precursors could enhance their utilization and control the direction of differentiation. Embryonic stem cells with totipotency can differentiate into specific nerve cells under appropriate external induction conditions. Layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles have been proven to regulate the pluripotency of mouse ESCs (mESCs), and LDH could be used as carrier in neural stem cells for nerve regeneration. Hence, we sought to study the effects of LDH without loaded factors on mESCs neurogenesis in this work. A series of characteristics analyses indicated the successful construction of LDH nanoparticles. LDH nanoparticles that may adhere to the cell membranes had insignificant effect on cell proliferation and apoptosis. The enhanced differentiation of mESCs into motor neurons by LDH was systematically validated by immunofluorescent staining, quantitative real-time PCR analysis and western blot analysis. In addition, transcriptome sequencing analysis and mechanism verification elucidated the significant regulatory roles of focal adhesion signaling pathway in the enhanced mESCs neurogenesis by LDH. Taken together, the functional validation of inorganic LDH nanoparticles promoting motor neurons differentiation provide a novel strategy and therapeutic prospect for the clinical transition of neural regeneration.
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Células Madre Embrionarias de Ratones , Nanopartículas , Ratones , Animales , Diferenciación Celular , Células Madre Embrionarias , Neuronas Motoras , Hidróxidos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Flavonoids derived from citrus plants are favored by phytomedicinal researchers due to their wide range of biological activities, and relevant studies have been sustained for 67 years (since the first paper published in 1955). In terms of a scientometric and critical review, the scientometrics of related papers, chemical structures, and pharmacological action of citrus flavonoids were comprehensively summarized. The modern pharmacological effects of citrus flavonoids are primarily focused on their anticancer activities (such as breast cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer, and liver cancer), neuroprotective effects (such as anti-Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease), and metabolic diseases. Furthermore, the therapeutic mechanism of cancers (including inducing apoptosis, inhibiting cell proliferation, and inhibiting cancer metastasis), neuroprotective effects (including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory), and metabolic diseases (such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus) were summarized and discussed. We anticipate that this review could provide an essential reference for anti-cancer and neuroprotective research of citrus flavonoids and provide researchers with a comprehensive understanding of citrus flavonoids.
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Yupingfeng San (YPFS) is a famous and commonly used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, respiratory tract infections, and pneumonia in China. It is composed of three Chinese herbs, including Astragali Radix, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and Saposhnikoviae Radix. In this review, the relevant references on YPFS were searched in the Web of Science, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and other databases. Literatures published from 2000 to 2022 were screened and summarized. The constituents in YPFS could be classified into nine groups according to their structures, including flavonoids, saponins, essential oils, coumarins, lactones, amino acids, organic acids, saccharides, chromones and others. The importance of chemical constituents in YPFS were demonstrated for specific pathological processes including immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and pulmonary diseases. This article systematically reviewed the up-to-date information on its chemical compositions, pharmacology and safety, that could be used as essential data and reference for clinical applications of YPFS.