Adenomatoid odontogenic tumour.

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumour (AOT) is a benign non-invasive odontogenic tumour, having mostly a slow and sustained growth pattern. AOT is an uncommon lesion of odontogenic origin, which affects young individuals, with a female predilection and mostly occurring in the second decade. In the literature, it has been considered as a hamartoma rather than a true neoplasm because of its limited size, minimal growth potential and the lack of recurrence. We present an extrafollicular central variant of AOT with a occurrence rate of 30%, adjacent to the incisors.

Maxillary adenomatoid odontogenic tumour.

An adenomatoid odontogenic tumour (AOT) is a benign, slow-growing, relatively rare oral tumour, which accounts for about 3-7% of all odontogenic tumours as reported in the literature. It is an unusual benign neoplasm which shares clinical and radiographical characteristics with odontogenic cystic lesions denoting a distinct behaviour. The three variants-follicular, extrafollicular and peripheral-present with identical histological findings. This report describes a patient with an AOT in the anterior maxilla. Radiographically, the lesion was characterised by a well circumscribed unilocular radiolucent area displacing left maxillary lateral incisor, canine and first premolars. The final diagnosis was AOT. The lesion was enucleated under local anaesthesia. The patient was followed-up for one year. This paper also provides a refresher for general dental practitioners about various diagnostic aspects of this tumour and highlights the controversies regarding its origin and management in the light of recent findings.

Accessory tragus: a dentist's perspective.

Accessory tragus (AT) also referred as preauricular tag is a rudimentary tag of ear tissue This paper presents two specific cases: one hereditary and another sporadic case of AT. A general clinical description of AT, its associated syndromes, embryology aetiopathogenesis and management is discussed. A dentist can play an important role in spotting the AT during their head and neck examination. The presence of this defect can be correlated to other congenital defects of first branchial arch. On recognising its occurrence, the dentist can refer to a specialist for thorough investigation management. A dentist can play a vital role in encouraging and counselling the parents for the correction of such defects as it improves the aesthetics of the face. Usually, children with these defects are often targets of teasing by peers.

Peripheral cementifying fibroma: a clinical diagnostic dilemma.

The peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) is a reactive gingival overgrowth occurring frequently in the anterior maxilla. It originates in the cells of the periodontal ligament and is more common in children and young adults. In the current article a case of gingival over growth, which was thought to be puberty-induced gingivitis was seen in the lower anterior maxillary gingiva. Histology of the excised tissue showed cellular, fibrous connective tissue stroma with calcified osseous calcifications indicative of POF. The definitive diagnosis is established only by histological examination, which revealed the presence of highly cellular connective tissue with focal calcifications. Surgery is the treatment of choice, though the recurrence rate can reach 20% in case of POF. After histological confirmation the recall and clinical evaluation protocol of POF varies due to its increased recurrence rate, which the general dentist should be aware of.

Infected mesenteric cyst.

Mesenteric cyst is a rare condition. Presentation with non-typhoid spontaneous infection in an unusual area makes it even more a rare situation with mesenteric cyst. Its diagnosis is mainly based on the imaging modalities. However, there are difficulties in diagnosis when it is present in an uncommon area and rare known complications. Mesenteric cyst can present with few uncommon emergency conditions which pose difficulties in diagnosis as well as treatment options as mentioned in this case.

A rare occurrence and management of familial schwannomatosis.

We are presenting a familial schwannomatosis without the features of neurofibromatosis (NF). We retrospectively reviewed the hospital charts, radiology films, operative notes and pathology slides of the patient. There was a family history of schwannomatosis. The patient had contrast-enhanced MRI, which was negative for vestibular schwannomas. The patient underwent surgical excision of symptomatic lesions. Histopathology confirmed these lesions as schwannomas consisting of areas of Antoni A and B, and immunohistochemical study was positive for S-100 protein. We recommend surgery for symptomatic lesions. Asymptomatic tumours can be monitored. Regular follow-up is essential as they may develop fresh lesions at any time. The relevant literature is discussed.

A rare occurrence of peripheral ossifying fibroma in the first decade of life and its management.

Localised growths are commonly seen on the gingiva. Many of these enlargements are considered to be reactive rather than neoplastic in nature. Clinically, differentiating one from the other as a specific entity is often not possible. Clinical knowledge and histopathological examination is needed to positively identify the lesion. The peripheral ossifying fibroma is one such lesion. We report a rare case in a 10-year-old female patient with a peripheral ossifying fibroma in the mandible exhibiting a significant increase in size within a short duration of 6 months.

Management of a xeroderma pigmentosum case with oral findings in a dental setup.

Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is heterogeneous group of disorder transmitted as autosomal recessive trait. It is characterised by photosensitivity, freckled pigmentation and premature skin ageing and malignant tumour development. The manifestations are due to a cellular hypersensitivity to ultraviolet light resulting from a defect in DNA repair. Multiple cutaneous neoplasms develop at a young age in persons with XP. Two important causes of mortality are metastatic malignant melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We report a case of XP in a 22 year-old male patient who developed SCC of lower lip with in a short period of 1 month.

Odontomas--silent tormentors of teeth eruption, shedding and occlusion.

Odontomas are the most common odontogenic tumours of the jaws, characterised by their slow growth and non-aggressive behaviour. They usually remain asymptomatic, and are diagnosed on routine radiographs. Clinically, they are often associated with delayed eruption or impaction of permanent teeth and retained primary teeth. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature and report two cases of odontomas. In the first case, a compound odontoma was associated with an unerupted maxillary permanent right central incisor, in an 11-year-old boy. In the second case, a 12-year-old girl had retained mandibular primary left central incisor and its unerupted successor was associated with a compound odontoma, a site considered rare for compound odontoma to occur. The clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of these cases have been discussed.