Maternal Coagulation Disorders and Postpartum Hemorrhage.

Coagulation disorders are rare causes of postpartum hemorrhage. Disturbances in coagulation should be suspected in patients with a family history of coagulopathy, those with a personal history of heavy menstrual bleeding, and those with persistent bleeding despite correction of other causes. The coagulopathic conditions discussed include disseminated intravascular coagulation, platelet disorders, and disturbances of coagulation factors. These should not be overlooked in the evaluation of obstetric hemorrhage, as diagnosis and appropriate treatment may prevent severe maternal morbidity and mortality.

Does Antenatal Progesterone Administration Modify the Risk of Neonatal Intraventricular Hemorrhage?

OBJECTIVE: Progesterone administration has been associated with improved neurological outcomes following traumatic brain injury in adults. However, studies examining the effect of progesterone on the risk of neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) are inconsistent. We sought to determine if maternal administration of intramuscular 17-α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17-OHPC) is associated with decreased rates of IVH in infants born before 32-weeks gestation. STUDY DESIGN: This is a retrospective study of liveborn singleton deliveries between 20- and 32-weeks gestation at two large academic medical centers from January 1, 2012 to August 30, 2020. Data were extracted from hospital electronic medical record data warehouses using standardized definitions and billing and diagnosis codes. We evaluated receipt of 17-OHPC in the antepartum period and diagnosis of IVH (grade I-IV, per Volpe classification) during the neonatal delivery hospitalization encounter. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to examine the association between 17-OHPC and neonatal IVH adjusting for potential confounders. Odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were presented. RESULTS: Among 749 neonates born between 20- and 32-week gestation, 140 (18.7%) of their mothers had received antenatal 17-OHPC and 148 (19.8%) were diagnosed with IVH after birth. No significant association was observed between maternal 17-OHPC and neonatal IVH in unadjusted (OR 1.14, 95% CI 0.72-1.78) or adjusted analyses (adjusted odds ratio 1.14, 95% CI 0.71-1.84). Independent of exposure to 17-OHPC, as expected, infants born <28-weeks gestation or those with very low birthweight (<1,500 g) were at an increased risk of IVH (OR 2.32, 95% CI 1.55-3.48 and OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.09-4.38, respectively). CONCLUSION: Antenatal maternal 17-OHPC administration was not associated with the risk of neonatal IVH. Further research may be warranted to determine whether timing, route of delivery, and duration of progesterone therapy impact rates of neonatal IVH. KEY POINTS: · This study aimed to compare the frequency of intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm neonates exposed to antenatal 17-α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate to those not exposed.. · In neonates born at <32-weeks gestation, maternal use of progesterone is not associated with the risk of intraventricular hemorrhage.. · In contrast to preclinical and adult data, this study suggests that progesterone exposure is not associated with the prevention of neonatal brain injury..

A comparison of prevaginal and postvaginal manipulation fetal fibronectin.

BACKGROUND: Fetal fibronectin (fFN) is used as a biomarker for preterm delivery. Currently, its use is discouraged if there has been vaginal manipulation in the previous 24 hours. OBJECTIVE: Our objective is to determine if there are differences between fFN results before and after vaginal manipulation in the form of sterile vaginal exam or transvaginal ultrasound. STUDY DESIGN: This was a prospective observational cohort study at a single center of women between 22-33 6/7 weeks at risk for preterm delivery due to: (1) a history of preterm delivery, short cervix, or multifetal gestation; or (2) symptoms of preterm labor. We excluded women with vaginal bleeding or infection, placenta previa, ruptured membranes, cervical dilation >3 cm, or any form of vaginal manipulation in the previous 24 hours. Specimen A was collected prior to planned vaginal exam or transvaginal ultrasound and specimen B was collected within 4 hours. The agreement between specimens A and B was assessed using descriptive statistics. Test characteristics of specimens A and B using the outcome of preterm delivery (<37 weeks) were calculated. RESULTS: In all, 310 specimen pairs from 237 women were collected. Specimen A was positive in 37 (12%) instances and negative in 273 (88%) while specimen B was positive in 39 (13%) and negative in 271 (87%). There were discordant results in 26 specimen pairs. Of these, 14 (5%) negative specimen A results subsequently became positive for specimen B, and 12 (32%) positive specimen A results became negative for specimen B. Overall, there was a 92% agreement between specimens A and B (confidence interval, 88-94%). The specificity of specimens A and B for preterm birth was 90% vs 89%, respectively, with a negative predictive value of 87% for both. The false-negative rate was 12.8% for specimen A and 13.3% for specimen B. CONCLUSION: There is a moderately high degree of agreement between prevaginal and postvaginal manipulation fFN results. Their test characteristics for evaluating preterm birth are similar with strong specificity and negative predictive values, and their false-negative rates are not clinically different. Consideration should be made to the utilization of postvaginal manipulation fFN when a prevaginal manipulation specimen is not available.