Risk phenotype for sarcopenia in older adults from Amazonas, Brazil; a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: There are several markers for the suspicion, identification, and confirmation of sarcopenia. OBJECTIVES: To analyse the importance of several markers for assessing sarcopenia by classifying phenotypes based on five domains: symptomatology, muscle function, muscle mass, physical performance, and physical function. METHODS: A cross-sectional study analysing 312 older adults (72.6±7.8 yrs) was conducted in Novo Aripuanã, Amazonas, Brazil. Symptoms of sarcopenia were determined with the SARC-Calf; muscle function was assessed using the 30-Chair Stand test (CST), 30-CST power, and handgrip strength (HGS) with and without normalisation for body mass/height; the skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI) was estimated from anthropometry; physical performance was determined through the 4-m gait speed (GS) and 6-min walking test (6MWT); and physical function was determined with the Composite Physical Function Scale (CPF). RESULTS: Cluster analysis revealed two phenotypes (at risk vs not at risk for sarcopenia) and the contribution of each marker (ranged from 0 to 1). In men, the contribution of each marker was: 1 for SARC-Calf, 0.18 for SMMI, 0.09 for 30-CST power and 0.06 for HGS; in women: 1 for SARC-Calf, 0.25 for 30-CST power, 0.22 for SMMI, 0.06 for GS, 0.04 for HGS, and 0.03 for CPF. Considering the cutoff values proposed by Rikli and Jones (2013) for physical function and Cruz-Jentoft et al. (2019) for the other domains, the risk profile for sarcopenia was characterized by: high SARC-Calf in both sexes (men:51.8 vs 3.6%, p<0.001; women:71.2 vs 1.1%, p<0.001), low SMMI (men:73.2 vs 44.6%, p<0.002; women:44.1 vs 23.6%, p = 0.002); in women, low GS (38.7 vs 12.4%, p<0.001) and low CPF (29.7 vs 15.7%, p = 0.020), and no differences in HGS between groups in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: SARC-Calf, SMMI, and 30-CST were more relevant markers for sarcopenia risk in older adults of both sexes, GS and CPF played also an important role in women.

Diagnostic performance of SARC-F and SARC-CalF in screening for sarcopenia in older adults in Northern Brazil.

To compare the performance of SARC-F and SARC-CalF as screening tools for sarcopenia. Cross-sectional study with a convenience sample of 312 community-dwelling older people. Sarcopenia was defined as low handgrip strength (HGS) or low gait speed (GS ≤ 0.8 m/s). HGS was measured by dynamometry and GS by the 4-m walking speed test. For HGS, six criteria (C) were used to identify sarcopenia in men/women: CI: < 27 kg/16 kg; CII: < 35.5 kg/20.0 kg; CIII: grip over body mass index < 1.05/< 0.79; CIV: grip strength over total body fat < 1.66/< 0.65; CV: grip over bodyweight < 0.45/< 0.34; CVI: < 27 kg/16 kg and low skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI); CI and CVI defined according to the European Working Group on sarcopenia in older people and the rest according to the sarcopenia definition and outcomes Consortium. For sarcopenia screening, the SARC-F (≥ 4 points) and the SARC-CalF (≥ 11 points) were used. The kappa analysis revealed no agreement between the SARC-F and the various criteria for the identification of sarcopenia in men. The same lack of agreement was observed in women with some exceptions: CI = 0.161 ± 0.074, p = 0.020; GS = 0.209 ± 0.076, p = 0.003. Concerning the Cohen's kappa between the SARC-Calf and the reference criteria of sarcopenia, the following coefficients were observed as significant for women: CI = 0.201 ± 0.069, p = 0.003; CII = 0.186 ± 0.064, p = 0.005; GS = 0.273 ± 0.068, p = 0.0001; and for men: CII = 0.139 ± 0.053, p = 0.021; GS = 0.223 ± 0.099, p = 0.011. ROC curves revealed the SARC-Calf with acceptable discrimination and reasonable sarcopenia predictive capacity considering a cutoff value of 10.5 in both men (AUC: 67.5%, p = 0.022; Se = 52.9%; Sp = 76.8%) and women (AUC: 72.4%, p < 0.001; Se = 63%; Sp = 68.5%) concerning GS. The SARC-CalF performed better than the SARC-F for screening sarcopenia in the population ≥ 60 years of age in the Amazonas, measured through walking slowness.

Potential for Ammonia Generation and Emission in Broiler Production Facilities in Brazil.

Air quality is one of the main factors that must be guaranteed in animal production. However, the measurement of pollutants is still a problem in several countries because the available methods are costly and do not always apply to the reality of the constructive typology adopted, as in countries with a hot climate, which adopt predominantly open facilities. Thus, the objective of the present study was to develop predictive models for the potential generation and emission of ammonia in the production of broiler chickens with different types of litter, different reuse cycles and under different climatic conditions. Samples of poultry litter from thirty commercial aviaries submitted to different air temperatures were analyzed. The experiment was conducted and analyzed in a completely randomized design, following a factorial scheme. Models were developed to predict the potential for generation and emission of ammonia, which can be applied in facilities with ambient conditions of air temperature between 25 and 40 °C and with wood shaving bed with up to four reuse cycles and coffee husks bed with up to six reuse cycles. The developed and validated models showed high accuracy indicating that they can be used to estimate the potential for ammonia generation and emission.

Muscle Weakness and Walking Slowness for the Identification of Sarcopenia in the Older Adults from Northern Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of sarcopenia in elderly people from Northern Brazil according to muscle weakness or walking slowness. Methods: The sample consisted of 312 elderly people (72.6 ± 7.8 years). For walking slowness, a gait speed ≤ 0.8 m/s was used as a cut-off value, and for muscle weakness the following handgrip strength criteria were used for men and women, respectively: CI: <27.0/16.0 kg; CII: <35.5/20.0 kg; CIII: grip strength corrected for body mass index (BMI) < 1.05/0.79; CIV: grip strength corrected for total fat mass: <1.66/0.65; CV: grip strength corrected for body mass: <0.45/0.34. Results: Walking speed was reduced in 27.0% of women and 15.2% of men (p < 0.05). According to grip strength criteria, 28.5% of women and 30.4% of men (CI), 58.0% of women and 75.0% of men (CII), 66.0% of women and 39.3% of men (CIII), 28.8% of women and 19.6% of men (CIV), and 56.5% of women and 50.0% of men (CV) were identified as having sarcopenia. Conclusions: Walking slowness is more prevalent in women and muscle weakness is more prevalent in men in Northern Brazil. Walking slowness proved to be more concordant with muscle weakness in both sexes when the CI for handgrip strength was adopted.

Pilates and dance to patients with breast cancer undergoing treatment: study protocol for a randomized clinical trial - MoveMama study.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is a global public health issue. The side effects of the clinical treatment can decrease the quality of life of these women. Therefore, a healthy lifestyle is essential to minimize the physical and psychological side effects of treatment. Physical activity has several benefits for women with breast cancer, and Pilates solo and belly dancing can be an enjoyable type of physical activity for women with breast cancer undergoing clinical treatment. The purpose of this study is to provide a Pilates solo and a belly dance protocol (three times per week/16 weeks) for women undergoing breast cancer treatment and compare its effectiveness with that in the control group. METHODS: The participants will be allocated to either the intervention arm (Pilates solo or belly dance classes three times per week for 16 weeks) or a control group (receipt of a booklet on physical activity for patients with breast cancer and maintenance of habitual physical activity routine). The Pilates solo and belly dance classes will be divided into three stages: warmup and stretching, the main stage, and relaxation. Measurements of the study outcomes will take place at baseline; postintervention; and 6, 12, and 24 months after the end of the intervention (maintenance period). The data collection for both groups will occur with a paper questionnaire and tests covering general and clinical information. The primary outcome will be quality of life (EORT QLQ-C30 and EORT QLQ-BR23), and secondary outcomes will be physical aspects such as cardiorespiratory fitness (6-min walk test and cycle ergometer), lymphedema (sum of arm circumference), physical activity (IPAQ short version), disabilities of the arm (DASH), range of motion (goniometer test), muscular strength (dynamometer test) and flexibility (sit and reach test), and psychological aspects such as depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory), body image (Body Image After Breast Cancer Questionnaire), self-esteem (Rosenberg), fatigue (FACT-F), pain (VAS), sexual function (FSFI), and sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index). DISCUSSION: In view of the high prevalence of breast cancer among women, the implementation of a specific protocol of Pilates solo and belly dancing for patients with breast cancer is important, considering the necessity to improve their physical and psychological quality of life. Pilates solo and belly dancing are two types of physical activity that involve mental and physical concentration, music, upper limb movements, femininity, and social involvement. An intervention with these two physical activities could offer options of supportive care to women with breast cancer undergoing treatment, with the aim being to improve physical and psychological quality of life. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03194997. Registration date 12 August 2017. Universal Trial Number (World Health Organization), U1111-1195-1623.

Physical activity and quality of life in women with breast cancer - a cross-sectional study / Atividade física e qualidade de vida em mulheres com câncer de mama - um estudo transversal / Actividad física y calidad de vida en mujeres con cáncer de mama - un estudio transversal

INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer treatment can cause different side effects on the quality of life of women. Physical activity, in turn, can reduce these side effects. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the physical activity and quality of life of women during and after breast cancer treatment. METHODS: Sample of 174 women (57.0±9.5 years) during or after clinical treatment for breast cancer. Interview questionnaire composed of general information, physical activity (IPAQ short version) and quality of life (EORTC QLQ-C30 and BR23). For statistical analysis chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test, student's t-test for independent samples, Mann-Whitney U test and multiple logistic regression analyses (p <0.05). RESULTS: Most women did not achieve the physical activity guidelines, particularly those undergoing clinical treatment. Results showed longer walking time, moderate physical activity, vigorous physical activity, moderate + vigorous physical activity, and total physical activity among the women following completion of treatment. The quality of life scores were also higher among women after clinical treatment. Logistic regression indicated that every 10-minute increment to walking time results in a 19% decrease in the probability of worse functional capacity and a 26% decrease in the probability of worse symptoms associated with treatment side effects. CONCLUSION: During treatment, women with breast cancer undertake less physical activity and have worse quality of life. Walking appears to be an effective type of physical activity for these women, improving quality of life during and after breast cancer treatment. Level of evidence II; Prognostic studies - Investigation of the effect of patient characteristics on the disease outcome.

INTRODUÇÃO: O tratamento do câncer de mama pode causar diferentes efeitos colaterais na qualidade de vida das mulheres. A atividade física, por sua vez, pode diminuir esses efeitos colaterais. OBJETIVO: Investigar a atividade física e a qualidade de vida de mulheres durante e após o tratamento para câncer de mama. MÉTODOS: Amostra de 174 mulheres (57,0 ± 9,5 anos) durante e depois do tratamento de câncer de mama. Questionário de entrevista composto de informações gerais, atividade física (versão curta do IPAQ) e qualidade de vida (EORTC QLQ-C30 e BR23). Para a análise estatística foram usados Qui-quadrado ou Exato de Fisher, teste T de Student para amostras independentes, teste U de Mann-Whitney e análises de regressão logística múltipla (p < 0,05). RESULTADOS: A maioria das mulheres não atingiu as recomendações de atividade física, com destaque para as mulheres que estavam em tratamento clínico. Os resultados mostraram mais tempo de caminhada, atividade física moderada, atividade física vigorosa, atividade física moderada + vigorosa e atividade física total em mulheres após o término do tratamento. Os escores de qualidade de vida também foram mais altos entre as mulheres após o término do tratamento. A regressão logística indicou que cada acréscimo de 10 minutos no tempo de caminhada resulta em diminuição de 19% da probabilidade de capacidade funcional mais baixa e de 26% de desenvolver mais sintomas mais graves associados aos efeitos colaterais do tratamento. CONCLUSÃO: Durante o tratamento, as mulheres com câncer de mama praticam menos AF e têm pior qualidade de vida. A prática de caminhada parece ser um tipo efetivo de atividade física para essas mulheres, melhorando a qualidade de vida durante e depois do tratamento de câncer de mama. Nível de evidência II; Estudos prognósticos - Investigação do efeito das características do paciente sobre o desfecho da doença.

INTRODUCCIÓN: El tratamiento del cáncer de mama puede promover diferentes efectos secundarios en la calidad de vida de las mujeres. A su vez, la actividad física puede disminuir estos efectos colaterales. OBJETIVO: Investigar la actividad física y la calidad de vida de las mujeres durante y después del tratamiento contra el cáncer de mama. MÉTODOS: Muestra de 174 mujeres (57,0 ± 9,5 años) que se encontraban en tratamiento y post tratamiento para el cáncer de mama. Cuestionario de entrevista compuesto de información general, actividad física (versión corta IPAQ) y calidad de vida (EORTC QLQ-C30 y BR23). Para análisis estadístico Chi-cuadrado o Exacto de Fisher, Test T Student para muestras independientes, U de Mann-Whitney y análisis de regresión logística múltiple (p < 0,05). RESULTADOS: La mayoría de las mujeres no alcanzaron las recomendaciones de actividad física, destacando para las mujeres que se encontraban en tratamiento. Los resultados mostraron más tiempo de caminata, actividad física moderada, actividad física vigorosa, actividad física moderada + intensidad vigorosa y actividad física total en mujeres post tratamiento. La calidad de vida también se mostró mejor entre las mujeres después de finalizar el tratamiento. La regresión logística apuntó que cada agregado de 10 minutos en el tiempo de caminata resulta en una disminución del 19% en la probabilidad de una peor capacidad funcional de la calidad de vida, y en un 26% de desarrollo de una peor sintomatología en relación a los efectos colaterales del tratamiento. CONCLUSIÓN: Durante el tratamiento, las mujeres con cáncer de mama practican menos actividad física y presentan peor calidad de vida. La práctica de caminar parece un tipo efectivo de actividad física para mujeres con cáncer de mama, mejorando la calidad de vida durante y después del período de tratamiento. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios pronósticos - Investigación del efecto de característica de un paciente sobre el desenlace de la enfermedad.

Concentrate intake and performance of dairy calves subjected to programs of supplementary lighting / Consumo de concentrado e desempenho de bezerras leiteiras submetidas a programas de iluminação suplementar

This research aimed to assess Girolando calves concentrate intake and performance when placed in shelters with distinct roofing materials and programs of supplementary lighting during the milk-feeding stage. In order to so, we used a completely randomized design with a 3×3 factorial arrangement, with three replications. Females Girolando calves (n=27) were assigned in individual shelters at random with 3 different roofing materials (fiber cement tile, recycled tile and thatched roofs) and subjected to three lighting programs (12, 16 and 20 hours). No interaction was observed between roofing material and lighting programs, whilst no significant effect (P>0.05) was observed among the roofing materials. The supplementary lighting, by providing greater light exposure time, has stimulated intake and therefore, significantly affected (P 0.05) the concentrate intake and performance of the animals that were subjected to 20 hours of light.(AU)

Essa pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o consumo de concentrado e o desempenho de bezerras da raça Girolando quando colocadas em abrigos com materiais de cobertura e programas de iluminação suplementar distintos, durante a fase de aleitamento. Para tal, nós utilizamos o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 3×3, com três repetições. As bezerras Girolando (n=27) foram distribuídas ao acaso em abrigos individuais, com materiais de cobertura distintos (telha de fibrocimento, telha reciclada e cobertura com palha), e sujeitas a três programas de iluminação (12, 16 e 20h). Não houve interação entre os mateiral de cobertura×programas de iluminação, ao mesmo tempo que não foi observado efeito significativo (P>0,05) para os materiais de cobertura. A iluminação suplementar, proporcionando maior tempo de luz, tem estimulado a ingestão, e, portanto, apresentou efeito significativo (P 0,05) no consumo de concentrado e desempenho dos animais submetidos a 20h de iluminação.(AU)

ction

Among the greenhouse gases produced in broiler chicken production environments, ammonia stands out for being present in higher concentrations and for significantly affecting human and animal health. Thus, this review evaluates the various sources of ammonia generation in animal production facilities, the damages caused by ammonia emissions in broiler chicken production facilities, and the accompanying economic losses. The main source of ammonia in broiler production is the nitrogen ingested in the diet, which is broken down into uric acid and, eventually, into ammonia that is volatilized from the bed to the environment. High ammonia concentrations in such facilities can affect productivity and result in economic losses. The effects on the environment are eutrophication of water bodies and ground water contamination. Ammonia emission control in poultry production facilities is therefore inevitable to avoid economic losses, prevent environmental damage, and increase feed efficiency.(AU)

Concentrate intake and performance of dairy calves subjected to programs of supplementary lighting / Consumo de concentrado e desempenho de bezerras leiteiras submetidas a programas de iluminação suplementar

ABSTRACT: This research aimed to assess Girolando calves' concentrate intake and performance when placed in shelters with distinct roofing materials and programs of supplementary lighting during the milk-feeding stage. In order to so, we used a completely randomized design with a 3×3 factorial arrangement, with three replications. Females Girolando calves (n=27) were assigned in individual shelters at random with 3 different roofing materials (fiber cement tile, recycled tile and thatched roofs) and subjected to three lighting programs (12, 16 and 20 hours). No interaction was observed between roofing material and lighting programs, whilst no significant effect (P>0.05) was observed among the roofing materials. The supplementary lighting, by providing greater light exposure time, has stimulated intake and therefore, significantly affected (P<0.05) the concentrate intake and performance of the animals that were subjected to 20 hours of light.

RESUMO: Essa pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o consumo de concentrado e o desempenho de bezerras da raça Girolando quando colocadas em abrigos com materiais de cobertura e programas de iluminação suplementar distintos, durante a fase de aleitamento. Para tal, nós utilizamos o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 3×3, com três repetições. As bezerras Girolando (n=27) foram distribuídas ao acaso em abrigos individuais, com materiais de cobertura distintos (telha de fibrocimento, telha reciclada e cobertura com palha), e sujeitas a três programas de iluminação (12, 16 e 20h). Não houve interação entre os mateiral de cobertura×programas de iluminação, ao mesmo tempo que não foi observado efeito significativo (P>0,05) para os materiais de cobertura. A iluminação suplementar, proporcionando maior tempo de luz, tem estimulado a ingestão, e, portanto, apresentou efeito significativo (P<0,05) no consumo de concentrado e desempenho dos animais submetidos a 20h de iluminação.

Concentrate intake and performance of dairy calves subjected to programs of supplementary lighting / Consumo de concentrado e desempenho de bezerras leiteiras submetidas a programas de iluminação suplementar

This research aimed to assess Girolando calves concentrate intake and performance when placed in shelters with distinct roofing materials and programs of supplementary lighting during the milk-feeding stage. In order to so, we used a completely randomized design with a 3×3 factorial arrangement, with three replications. Females Girolando calves (n=27) were assigned in individual shelters at random with 3 different roofing materials (fiber cement tile, recycled tile and thatched roofs) and subjected to three lighting programs (12, 16 and 20 hours). No interaction was observed between roofing material and lighting programs, whilst no significant effect (P>0.05) was observed among the roofing materials. The supplementary lighting, by providing greater light exposure time, has stimulated intake and therefore, significantly affected (P 0.05) the concentrate intake and performance of the animals that were subjected to 20 hours of light.

Essa pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o consumo de concentrado e o desempenho de bezerras da raça Girolando quando colocadas em abrigos com materiais de cobertura e programas de iluminação suplementar distintos, durante a fase de aleitamento. Para tal, nós utilizamos o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 3×3, com três repetições. As bezerras Girolando (n=27) foram distribuídas ao acaso em abrigos individuais, com materiais de cobertura distintos (telha de fibrocimento, telha reciclada e cobertura com palha), e sujeitas a três programas de iluminação (12, 16 e 20h). Não houve interação entre os mateiral de cobertura×programas de iluminação, ao mesmo tempo que não foi observado efeito significativo (P>0,05) para os materiais de cobertura. A iluminação suplementar, proporcionando maior tempo de luz, tem estimulado a ingestão, e, portanto, apresentou efeito significativo (P 0,05) no consumo de concentrado e desempenho dos animais submetidos a 20h de iluminação.

Prevalence of sufficient physical activity in middle-aged women from a Brazilian state capital / Prevalência de níveis suficientes de atividade física em mulheres de meia-idade de uma Capital Brasileira

The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of sufficient physical activity (PA) in middle-aged women from Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The sample included 1,011 women ranging in age from 45 to 59 years. Physical activity was evaluated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The sample was divided into three age groups (A: 45-49; B: 50-54; C: 55-59 years). According to WHO recommendations, 87% of the participants were sufficiently active. Walking (C: 55±41 vs. A: 45±41 min/day; p=0.013) and vigorous PA (C: 17±33 vs. A: 13±30 min/day; p=0.117) were more frequently performed by women of group C compared to group A. Linear regression analysis showed that total PA did not increase with age (R²=0.248; p=0.059), educational level (R²=0.259; p=0.076), or body mass index (R²=0.072; p=0.334), although total PA tended to be positively associated with age and educational level. In conclusion, 87% of the middle-aged women studied were sufficiently active. Higher levels of PA were observed among women aged 55-59 years, which were mainly a consequence of more frequent walking and vigorous PA.

O principal objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a prevalência de mulheres de meia-idade do município de Florianópolis, SC suficientemente ativas. Participaram 1011 mulheres dos 45-59 anos. A atividade física (AF) foi avaliada por meio do Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ). De acordo com a idade, a amostra foi categorizada em três faixas etárias (A:45-49; B:50-54; C:55-59 anos). Conforme as recomendações da OMS, 87% das participantes foram consideradas suficientemente ativas. O grupo C revelou valores mais elevados de caminhada (C:55±41 vs. A:45±41 min/d; p=0,013) e de AF vigorosa (C:17±33 vs. A:13±30 min/d; p=0,117) comparativamente ao grupo A. A regressão linear mostrou que a AF total não aumentou com a idade (R²=0,248; p=0,059), com a escolaridade (R²=0,259; p=0,076), ou com o índice de massa corporal (R²= 0,072; p= 0,334), apesar de uma tendência positiva associada à idade e à escolaridade. Concluindo, 87% das mulheres de meia-idade do município de Florianópolis-SC eram suficientemente ativas; os níveis mais elevados de AF foram observados nas mulheres de 55-59 anos, principalmente, devidos à caminhada e à prática de AF vigorosa.

Cardiovascular fitness and cardiovascular risk factors among obese men and women aged 58 years and older, in Portugal / Asociación entre el test de caminata de seis minutos y factores de riesgo cardiovascular en portugueses obesos

Background: A better physical fitness may have survival advantages in adults. Aim: To analyze the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular risk factors among obese subjects aged 58 years and older. Material and Methods: Cardiorespiratory fitness using the six-minute walk test, body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and blood pressure were measured in a non-representative sample of 76 obese Portuguese subjects aged 58 to 87 years (55 women). Participants were stratified in tertiles of walking capacity according to the six-minute walk test. Results: Six minutes walk test results were negatively correlated with percentage body fat (r = -0.28; p = 0.012) and systolic blood pressure (r = -0.23; p = 0.045). Participants located in the lowest tertile for the six minutes walk test had an odds ratio of4.34 (95% confidence intervals: 1.02-18.43) for elevated blood pressure. Conclusions: A lower six minutes walk test result is associated with a higher risk for high blood pressure.

Antecedentes: Una mejor condición física se asocia a mejor sobrevida en adultos. Objetivos: Estudiar la relación entre condición física y factores de riesgo cardiovascular en obesos mayores de 58 años. Material y Métodos: Se midió la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria mediante la prueba de caminata de seis minutos, composición corporal mediante densitometría de doble fotón y presión arterial en una muestra no representativa de 76 portugueses de 58 a 87 años (55 mujeres). Los participantes se estratificaron en terciles de acuerdo a los resultados de la prueba de seis minutos. Resultados: Los resultados de la prueba de caminata de seis minutos se correlacionaron negativamente con el porcentaje de grasa corporal (r = -0,28; p = 0,012) y presión sistólica (r = -0,23; p = 0,045). Los participantes ubicados en el tercil más bajo de la prueba de caminata de seis minutos tenían una razón de riesgo para hipertensión arterial de 4,34 (intervalos de confianza de 95%: 1,02- 18,43). Conclusiones: Una prueba de caminata de seis minutos con bajos resultados se asocia a un mayor riesgo de hipertensión arterial.

Cardiovascular fitness and cardiovascular risk factors among obese men and women aged 58 years and older, in Portugal.

BACKGROUND: A better physical fitness may have survival advantages in adults. AIM: To analyze the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular risk factors among obese subjects aged 58 years and older. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cardiorespiratory fitness using the six-minute walk test, body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and blood pressure were measured in a non-representative sample of 76 obese Portuguese subjects aged 58 to 87 years (55 women). Participants were stratified in tertiles of walking capacity according to the six-minute walk test. RESULTS: Six minutes walk test results were negatively correlated with percentage body fat (r = -0.28; p = 0.012) and systolic blood pressure (r = -0.23; p = 0.045). Participants located in the lowest tertile for the six minutes walk test had an odds ratio of 4.34 (95% confidence intervals: 1.02-18.43) for elevated blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: A lower six minutes walk test result is associated with a higher risk for high blood pressure.

Atividade física habitual e qualidade de vida de mulheres na meia-idade / Habitual physical activity and quality of life of middle-aged women

OBJETIVO: Analisar a relação entre a atividade física habitual (AF) e a qualidade de vida (QV) de mulheres na meia-idade. MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 1.011 mulheres dos 45 aos 59 anos de idade, das quais 370 eram perimenopausadas e 641 pós-menopausadas, com índice de massa corporal (IMC) de 25 ± 4kg/m² e escolaridade entre um e 13 anos. A QV foi avaliada pelo WHOQOL-bref da WHO e a AF através do International Physical Activity Questionnaire. RESULTADOS: Após a divisão da amostra em três grupos, de acordo com a prática de AF total (A: < 30 min/dia; B: 30-60 min/dia; C: > 60 min/dia), a análise da variância ajustada para o IMC e menopausa (peri vs. pós), mostrou diferenças de QV entre os grupos A e B e o grupo C no domínio físico, e entre o grupo A e os grupos B e C nos domínios psicológico, social e ambiental (p ≤ 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: A prática de 30 min/dia de AF de intensidade pelo menos moderada parece estar associada a efeitos mais favoráveis aos níveis psicológico, social e ambiental, mas parecem ser necessários pelo menos 60 min/dia para influenciar o domínio físico. Estas associações podem, no entanto, refletir o impacto da QV na quantidade total de AF. Assim, a prática de 30 min/dia pode ser mais condicionada pelos domínios psicológico, social e ambiental, enquanto os 60 min/dia pelo domínio físico.

OBJECTIVE: To assess associations between of regular physical activity (PA) and quality of life (QL) in middle age women. METHODS: 1011 female subjects, aged 45-59, took part in the research, considering 370 peri-menopausal and 641 post-menopausal, within the body mass index (BMI) 25±4 kg/m2 and schooling average 1-13 years. The QL was evaluated by the WHOQOL, and the PA through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. RESULTS: After dividing the sample into three groups according to the practice of total PA (A: <30 min/day; B: 30-60 min/day, C:> 60 min/day), analysis of variance adjusted for BMI and menopausal status (peri vs. postmenopause) showed differences in QL between groups A, B and group C in the physical domain and between group A and group B, C in psychological, social and environmental domains (p≤0.001). CONCLUSION: The accumulation of 30 min/day of total PA seems to be associated with more favorable effects on the psychological, social and environmental domains; however, it seems that at least 60 min/day are necessary to act on the physical domain. Nevertheless, such associations may reflect the impact of QL in the total amount of PA. Thus, the PA practice 30 min/day may be more conditioned by the psychological, social and environmental domains while the practice of 60 min/day by the physical domain.

Relationship between physical activity and menopausal symptoms / Relação entre atividade física e sintomas da menopausa

O objetivo deste estudo transversal foi analisar a relação entre atividade física (AF) total diária e os sintomas da menopausa, uma vez que a influência da AF sobre os sintomas da menopausa, tem sido examinada principalmente através de uma das componentes da atividade física total, que é o exercício estruturado. Os sintomas da menopausa e a AF foram avaliados em 1011 mulheres peri (Peri-MM) e pós menopausadas (Pós-MM), utilizando o índice de Kupperman e o Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física - IPAQ. Após a divisão de cada grupo em subgrupos de acordo com a freqüência de cada sintoma (A: ausência, B: baixa, C: moderada, D: elevada frequência), as Peri-MM que relataram elevada frequência de fogachos, problemas de memória e zumbidos nos ouvidos demonstraram uma menor atividade física total comparativamente às Peri-MM com menor frequência destes sintomas. As Pós-MM que reportaram elevada frequência de vertigem e zumbido nos ouvidos, apresentaram também menor AF total e/ou caminhada do que as Pós-MM com menor frequência destes sintomas. A AF diária não parece determinar a ocorrência dos sintomas da menopausa, mas parece diminuir a freqüência de alguns deles, especificamente com um acúmulo de ~100 min de AF total e/ou ~50 min de caminhada, particularmente em Peri-MM.

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to analyze the relationship between total daily physical activity (PA) and menopausal symptoms, since the influence of PA on menopause related symptoms has mainly been examined through a component of total PA, namely, structured exercise. Menopausal symptoms and PA were evaluated in 1011 peri (Peri-MW) and postmenopausal women (Post-MW) using the Kupperman index and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). After dividing each group into subgroups according to the frequency of each symptom (A-absence, B-low, C-moderate, D-high), Peri-MW who report high hot flashes, memory problems and humming ears, presented less total PA compared to those who reported less frequent symptoms. Also Post-MW reporting high vertigo and humming ears revealed less total PA or walking time than Post-MW with lower frequency of symptoms. Everyday PA does not seem to determine the occurrence of menopausal symptoms, but it does appear to lessen the frequency of some of them, specifically with a daily accumulation of ~100 min of total PA and/or ~50 min of walking, particularly in Peri-MW.

Índice de massa corporal e qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde em mulheres de meia-idade / Body mass index and health related quality of life in middle-age women

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: As mudanças na meia-idade estão geralmente associadas a uma diminuição da qualidade de vida (QV). O principal objetivo foi analisar a influência do índice de massa corporal (IMC) na QV de mulheres de meia-idade. MÉTODO: participaram do estudo 432 mulheres, com idade entre 45 e 59 anos (51,9 ± 4,5 anos); IMC entre 16,4 e 44,6 kg/m2 (25 ± 4 kg/m2), escolaridade entre 1 e 13 anos (11 ± 3 anos). A QV foi avaliada pelo WHOQOL– bref (OMS), o IMC foi calculado de acordo com o peso e a altura reportados pelas participantes e a prática de atividade física (AF) através do International Physical Activity Questionaire (IPAQ). RESULTADOS: A análise descritiva revelou que os escores obtidos no domínio físico (61% ± 11%), psicológico (63% ± 12%), social (72% ± 21%) e ambiental (69% ± 15%), são indicadores de boa QV e que 75% das mulheres eram ativas. Após a divisão da amostra em 3 grupos de acordo com o IMC (menos de 18,5 kg/m2, entre 18,5 e 24,9 kg/m2 e pelo menos 25 kg/m2), designadamente, o grupo A (17,7 ± 0,6 kg/m2), o grupo B (22,8 ± 1,4 kg/m2), e o grupo C (28,5 ± 3,4 kg/m2), a ANCOVA, ajustada para a AF total, idade e anos de escolaridade evidenciou diferenças, entre o grupo A e os grupos B e C nos domínios sociais (A = 57% ± 6% versus B = 73% ± 1%, p = 0,010; versus C = 72% ± 2%, p = 0,018) e ambiental (A = 60% ± 4% versus B = 69% ± 1%, p = 0,035; versus C = 70% ± 1%, p = 0,038), e entre o grupo A e C no domínio psicológico (A = 57% ± 3% versus C = 64% ± 1%, p = 0,038). CONCLUSÃO: As mulheres de meia-idade magras, devido ao peso insuficiente para a altura, relataram uma QV mais baixa nos domínios social, ambiental e psicológico do que as que têm IMC normal ou acima do normal.(AU)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Changes in the middle age are usually associated to a decrease in quality of life (QOL). The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of the body mass index (BMI) in QOL of middle age women. METHODS: 432 women aged 45 and 59 years old (51.9 ± 4.5 years of age); BMI between 16.4 and 44.6 kg/m² (25 ± 4 kg/m2), schooling between 1 and 13 years (11 ± 3 years). QOL was assessed through the WHOQOL-bref (WHO), the BMI was calculated according to the weight and height reported by the participants, and the physical activity practice through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). RESULTS: The descriptive analysis revealed that the obtained scores in the physical (61% ± 11%), psychological (63% ± 12%), social (72% ± 21%), and environmental (69% ± 15%) domain, are indicators of good QOL and that 75% of the women were sufficiently active. After the splitting of the samples into 3 groups according the BMI (less than 18.5 kg/m2, between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m2 and at least 25 kg/m2), namely, the group A (17.7 ± 0.6 kg/m2), the group B (22.8 ± 1.4 kg/m2), and the group C (28.5 ± 3.4 kg/m2), the ANCOVA, adjusted to the total PA, age, schooling years, showed differences between the group A and the groups B and C in the social (A = 57% ± 6% versus B = 73% ± 1%, p = 0.010; versus C = 72% ± 2%, p = 0.018), and environmental (A = 60% ± 4% versus B = 69% ± 1%, p = 0.035; versus C = 70% ± 1%, p = 0.038) domains, and between the groups A and C in the psychological domain (A = 57% ± 3% versus C = 64% ± 1%, p = 0.038). CONCLUSION: The middle age thin women, due to an insufficient body weight to height, reported a lower QOL in the social, environmental, and psychological domains than the ones presenting normal or above the normal BMI.(AU)