Surface Charge Mapping on Virions and Virus-Like Particles of Helical Plant Viruses.

Currently, the assembly of helical plant viruses is poorly understood. The viral assembly and infection may be affected by the charge distribution on the virion surface. However, only the total virion charge (isoelectric point) has been determined for most plant viruses. Here, we report on the first application of positively charged magnetic nanoparticles for mapping the surface charge distribution of helical plant viruses. The charge was demonstrated to be unevenly distributed on the surface of viruses belonging to different taxonomic groups, with the negative charge being predominantly located at one end of the virions. This charge distribution is mainly controlled by viral RNA.

[Aneurysm of posterior lateral choroid artery].

Rare clinical observation of a patient with spontaneous rupture of posterior lateral choroid artery aneurysm is described. The patient was surgically treated--clipping of aneurismal neck with preservation of arterial lumen was performed. The authors illustrated the paper with angiographic data and morphological view confirming genuine structure of aneurysm.

[Spontaneous anterior meningeal arterial aneurysmal rupture].

The paper describes a rare case of a patient with spontaneous rupture of nontraumatic anterior meningeal arterial aneurysmal rupture. The patient underwent clipping of the neck of the aneurysm and its excision. A detailed account of intraoperative signs of this aneurysm is given. Angiographic and morphological data and the morphological pattern confirming the true pattern of the aneurysm are presented.

[The use of propofol (Diprivan) for inducing anesthesia in neurosurgical patients. II. Its effect on intracranial pressure and on cerebral perfusion pressure]. / Primenenie propofola (diprivana) dlia induktsii anestezii u neirokhirurgicheskikh bol'nykh. II. Vliianie na vnutricherepnoe davlenie i tserebral'noe perfuzionnoe davlenie.

Clinical study of the effect of propofol (diprivan) on intracranial and cerebral perfusion pressure (ICP and CPP, respectively) in 30 patients with neurosurgical diseases of the brain showed that propofol without narcotic analgesics did not block ICP increase in response to tracheal intubation. If it was combined with narcotic analgesics, the optimal combination was with pyritramide in a dose of 0.4 mg/kg, because this combination blocked ICP increase in response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation and did not appreciably decrease CPP. Propofol for decreasing acute intracranial hypertension (like bolus injection of thiopental) during surgery is unjustified, because during anesthesia, bolus injection of propofol just negligibly decreases ICP.

[Use of propofol (diprivan) for induction of anesthesia in neurosurgical patients. I. Pressor reaction to laryngoscopy and intubation of the trachea]. / Primenenie propofola (diprivana) dlia induktsii anestezii u neirokhirurgicheskikh bol'nykh. I. Pressornaia reaktsiia na laringoskopiiu i intubatsiiu trakhei.

Pressor reaction to laryngoscopy and intubation of the trachea was studied in 32 patients with neurosurgical diseases of the brain (supratentorial tumors and arterial aneurysms) under conditions of induction anesthesia with propofol (diprivan) in the mean dose of 2.85 mg/kg. Diprivan alone did not block the development of pronounced pressor reaction to intubation. Combination of diprivan in the same dose with dipidolor (0.4 mg/kg) ensured complete blocking of the pressor reaction in neurosurgical patients. Combination of diprivan and fentanyl (2.85 mg/kg) blocked the development of a pressor reaction not so effectively and not in all the examinees.

[Prevention of pressor reaction to tracheal intubation in patients with cerebral aneurysms: fentanyl and nitroglycerin combination]. / Profilaktika pressornoi reaktsii na intubatsiiu trakhei u bol'nykh s anevrizmami sosudov mozga: kombinatsiia fentanila i nitroglitserina.

The authors analyze the clinical efficacy of a combined method for the prevention of pressor reaction to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation, based on the combination of common clinical doses of fentanyl (4 micrograms/kg b. m.) and intravenous infusion of nitroglycerin solution in 26 patients with brain vessel aneurysms. This method effectively prevented the dangerous rise of arterial pressure during laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation.

[The prevention of a pressor reaction to tracheal intubation in patients with aneurysms of the cerebral vessels. A comparative study of 7 methods]. / Profilaktika pressornoi reaktsii na intubatsiiu trakhei u bol'nykh s anevrizmami sosudov mozga. Sravnitel'noe izuchenie semi metodik.

A comparative study of seven techniques preventing pressor reactions to tracheal intubation (profound barbiturate anesthesia, conventional clinical doses of fentanyl, intravenous lidocaine, pentamine, glycerol trinitrate, sodium nitroprusside and magnesium sulfate) has been conducted in 75 patients with arterial aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations in brain vessels. The best preventive effect was observed with the use of glycerol trinitrate and conventional clinical doses of fentanyl. However, none of the above techniques could completely prevent pressor reactions to intubation.

[Intraoperative monitoring of the EEG in patients with arterial aneurysms of the cerebral vessels]. / Intraoperatsionnyi monitoring EEG u bol'nykh s arterial'nymi anevrizmami sosudiv mozga.

Visual EEG monitoring and EEG monitoring using a special "Neuro-2" monitor controlling the changes in quantitative EEG parameters (power range and coherence) have been used during surgery in 42 patients with arterial aneurysms of brain vessels performed in conditions of profound controlled arterial hypotension. Computer processing facilitates EEG analysis and reveals the most early signs of the developing cerebral ischemia on the basis of specific changes in power ranges and coherence.

[Monitoring somatosensory evoked potentials during surgery of cerebral vessels]. / Monitoring somatosensornykh vyzvannykh potentsialov vo vremia operatsii na sosudakh golovnogo mozga.

In 43 patients serial SSER recordings were made during operations for the clipping of arterial aneurysms of cerebral vessels performed under controlled arterial hypotension. SSER recordings during the preliminary phase of the operation showed an average decrease in the response amplitude of 20% during trepanation and a reduction (by 23% of the initial value) during the phase of arterial hypotension. The response recovered to 84% of its initial level by the moment of the beginning of the operation. There was no statistically significant relationship between serial SSER parameter values during arterial pressure reduction and the duration or degree of hypotension. The results testify to the higher information content of such SSER parameters as the amplitude of the first positive complex, as compared with latency criteria and in particular the CCT. It has also been found that a significant increase in the information value of the SSER for the evaluation of ischemia effect on the brain function may be obtained by synchronous stimulation of both arms and registration of cortical responses from both hemispheres.

[Brain blood flow and cerebral metabolism during ataralgesia]. / Mozgovoi krovotok i tserebral'nyi metabolizm v usloviiakh ataralgezii.

The effect of ataralgesia (diazepam and fentanyl anesthesia) on cerebral blood flow and metabolism has been studied in 9 patients with arterial aneurysms of cerebral vessels. The decrease of cerebral blood flow under anesthesia was observed in 8 out of 9 patients. The brain metabolism reaction varied showing a decrease in 6 patients and an increase in 3 patients.

[Blood glucose level as a criterion for surgical stress during ataralgesia and sodium nitroprusside hypotension during the surgical treatment of cerebral arterial aneurysms]. / Uroven' gliukozy v krovi kak kriterii operatsionnogo stressa v usloviiakh ataralgezii i gipotonii nitroprussidom natriia pri khirurgicheskom lechnenii tserebral'nykh arterial'nykh anevrizm.

Test for stress-induced hyperglycemia showed that deep sodium nitroprusside-controlled arterial hypotension in ataralgesia is a powerful stress-producing factor. Additional neurovegetative inhibition by administration of small doses of ganglioblocking agent pentamine is suggested for the prevention hypotension-induced stress.