Investigation of the Effects of COVID-19 on Perception, Attention, Memory, Balance, and Quality of Life in the Elderly.

This study was conducted with elderly individuals who had recovered from COVID-19 to investigate the effects of COVID-19 on balance, perception, attention, memory, and quality of life and produce rehabilitative solutions for these problems. Material and Method: A total of 45 volunteers older than 65 years who had not had COVID-19 were included in group 1. A total of 45 volunteers older than 65 years who had recovered from COVID-19 were included in group 2 (elderly people who have had COVID-19 at least 6 months ago). After obtaining the individuals' demographic data, we conducted vestibular assessment for balance and administered the Stroop test for attention, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the digit span test for short-term memory, and a quality-of-life test. Results: Mean age of the individuals who had had COVID-19 was 68.24 ± 3.32 years, and the mean age of the individuals who had not had COVID-19 was 68.55 ± 3.34 years. There were statistically significant correlations between the two groups for the Stroop test (P < .05), MMSE (P < .05), the digit span test for perception and attention (P < .05), and the vestibular assessment quality-of-life test (P < .01). Sensory (P < .001), past, present, and future activities (P < .05), social participation (P < .001), and death (P < .05) were found to be significant in the total score (P < .001). The covariance analysis of elderly individuals who had had COVID-19 revealed that they performed significantly worse on the balance, perception, attention, memory, and quality-of-life tests than elderly individuals who had not had COVID-19. Conclusion: The negative effects of COVID-19 were found among elderly individuals older than 65 years. We suggest that telerehabilitation should be developed for elderly people who have recovered from COVID-19 and that its effects investigated.

Melatonin in preservation solutions prevents ischemic injury in rat kidneys.

Transplantation is lifesaving and the most effective treatment for end-stage organ failure. The transplantation success depends on the functional preservation of organs prior to transplantation. Currently, the University of Wisconsin (UW) and histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) are the most commonly used preservation solutions. Despite intensive efforts, the functional preservation of solid organs prior to transplantation is limited to hours. In this study, we modified the UW solution containing components from both the UW and HTK solutions and analyzed their tissue-protective effect against ischemic injury. The composition of the UW solution was changed by reducing hydroxyethyl starch concentration and adding Histidine/Histidine-HCl which is the main component of HTK solution. Additionally, the preservation solutions were supplemented with melatonin and glucosamine. The protective effects of the preservation solutions were assessed by biochemical and microscopical analysis at 2, 10, 24, and 72 h after preserving the rat kidneys with static cold storage. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in preservation solutions was measured at 2, 10, 24, and 72. It was not detectable at 2 h of preservation in all groups and 10 h of preservation in modified UW+melatonin (mUW-m) and modified UW+glucosamine (mUW-g) groups. At the 72nd hour, the lowest LDH activity (0.91 IU/g (0.63-1.17)) was measured in the mUW-m group. In comparison to the UW group, histopathological damage score was low in modified UW (mUW), mUW-m, and mUW-g groups at 10, 24, and 72 hours. The mUW-m solution at low temperature was an effective and suitable solution to protect renal tissue for up to 72 h.

Evaluation of phoneme recognition skills in pediatric auditory brainstem implant users.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to evaluate the relationship between phoneme recognition skills and language development skills in pediatric auditory brainstem implant (ABI) users. It further intends to identify the delays and problems that may occur in the phoneme recognition skills of children with ABI and shed light on rehabilitation programs. METHODS: Our study included 20 children using ABI and another 20 using cochlear implants (CI). They were aged between 6 and 8 years 11 months. The participants exhibited homogenous demographic and audiological characteristics. The Turkish version of the Test of Language Development-Primary: Fourth Edition (TOLDP:4) was used to evaluate the language development skills, and the Turkish version of the Phoneme Recognition Test (PRT) was applied to assess the phoneme recognition skills. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in the PRT values as well as in the language development skills between the children with ABI and those with CI. It was observed that the values of the children with CI were significantly higher than those of children with ABI. CONCLUSION: Although children with ABI were not able to match the skills of their peers with CI, their language development and communication skills improved. It is believed that this study will contribute to the literature by demonstrating that the use of ABI improves phoneme recognition skills in children who are not eligible for CI or who do not adequately benefit from CI.

Cervical Vestibular-Evoked Myogenic Potentials and Balance Testing in Children with Down Syndrome.

Introduction Vestibular otolith function plays a major role in balance control. Objective To investigate the saccular and balance functions of children with Down syndrome (DS). Methods In total, 15 children with DS aged between 9 and 11 years were included. An age- and gender-matched control group (CG) composed of 15 normal participants was also included. The subjects with DS had trisomy 21, without hearing or organic problems, and they had independence in stance. The saccular function among the children with DS and among the controls was tested using air-conduction cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs). In addition, the static and dynamic balance statuses were evaluated using the following assessments; the Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS), the modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction on Balance (mCTSIB), the Romberg test, and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Results In the present study, the results of the saccular function test showed that there was a significant difference between children with and without DS ( p < 0.05). The DS subjects had significantly earlier N1 latancy and lower amplitude of the cVEMPs (< 70 µV) compared with the control subjects. The static-dynamic balance ability was statistically and significantly different in children with DS compared with the controls ( p < 0.05). Conclusion These results revealed that saccular function seems to be affected in DS subjects. The dysfunction in static and dynamic balance abilities of the children with DS may be attributed to vestibular dysfunction as well as low gross motor skills. This knowledge should be taken into account when assessing motor performance in those subjects. Additional larger studies testing other dimensions of the vestibular system in children with DS are needed.