Chronic Effects of Inter-Set Static Stretching on Morphofunctional Outcomes in Recreationally Resistance-Trained Male and Female.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of resistance training (RT) with inter-set static stretching (IS) versus traditional RT (TRT) on morphofunctional outcomes in recreationally resistance-trained male and female. Methods: Twenty-two recreationally-trained subjects were allocated to IS group (n = 12) or TRT (n = 10) and completed eight weeks of RT. The only difference between the groups was that IS group included static stretching between sets, while the TRT rested between the sets. Ultrasound images, dynamic and isometric strength tests for the elbow flexors and elbow extensors were evaluated pre- and post-intervention period. Results: Total training volume (TTV) was greater in TRT than IS (p = .031). TRT and IS caused similar increases in maximal dynamic and isometric strength. Fascicle length of the brachialis increased following TRT (p = .033); muscle thickness and the pennation angle of the distal portion of the triceps brachii increased following IS (p = .035 and p = .007, respectively). There were no significant changes in thickness and architecture for biceps brachii in either group. There were no significant differences between groups for any muscle strength and morphology outcome. Conclusion: IS negatively affects TTV but does not affect muscle strength and architecture of recreationally resistance-trained male and female.

An Examination of Two Resistance Training Frequency Techniques in Morphological and Functional Adaptations of the Patellar Tendon.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of distinct resistance training frequencies with equated-volume conditions in morphological and functional adaptations of the patellar tendon. Twenty-seven recreationally resistance-trained subjects (men [n=17] and women [n=10]) (age: 20.8 ± 1.9 years [range 18 to 25 years]; height: 1.73 ± 9.8 cm; total body mass = 73.2 ± 11.7 kg; previous RT experience = 3.3 ± 1.6 years) volunteered to participate in this study. A total of 16 training sessions were performed during the study period. Each subject's leg was randomly allocated to one of the following training protocols: 2 training sessions/week (2x) or 4 training sessions/week (4x). Measurements of tendon cross sectional area (CSA) and length were performed through ultrasound imaging. One repetition maximum test was performed to assess patellar tendon force (PTF) unilaterally. For CSA (2x: Δ= -1.3%; 4x: Δ= -0.9%), and length (2x: Δ= -0.4%; 4x: Δ= 1.2%), no significant differences were observed within or between conditions (all p > 0.05). For PTF, a significant difference was observed between conditions (mean difference = 0.05 [-125 to 224] p= 0.001). In conclusion, the leg extension exercise performed 2 vs 4x/week induces similar patellar tendon morphological responses. However, the increase in force seems to be enhanced by a lower weekly training frequency associated with a longer intervention period.

Dissociated Time Course of Indirect Markers of Muscle Damage Recovery Between Single-Joint and Multi-joint Exercises in Resistance-Trained Men.

ABSTRACT: de Camargo, JBB, Braz, TV, Batista, DR, Germano, MD, Brigatto, FA, and Lopes, CR. Dissociated time course of indirect markers of muscle damage recovery between single-joint and multi-joint exercises in resistance-trained men. J Strength Cond Res 36(8): 2089-2093, 2022-This study compared the time course of indirect markers of muscle damage after multi-joint and single-joint exercises. Ten resistance-trained men (years: 26.9 ± 3.0; total body mass: 83.2 ± 13.8 kg; height: 176 ± 7.0 cm; resistance training [RT] experience: 5.5 ± 2.4 years; RT frequency: 5.3 ± 0.7 sessions; relative squat 1 repetition maximum: 1.4 ± 0.3) performed, in a random order, 5 sets of 8 repetition maximum of the back squat (BS) and knee extension (KE) exercises. Rectus femoris muscle thickness (MT RF ), leg circumference (LC), and muscle soreness (MS) were recorded at baseline (pre), 0, 12, 24, and 36 hours after each exercise protocol. There was a significant increase ( p < 0.05) in dependent variables at every time point after both the multi-joint and single-joint exercise sessions. However, MT RF and LC were greater at 0 and 36 hours, and MS was greater at 24 and 36 hours after BS when compared with KE (all p < 0.05). This study shows that resistance-trained individuals can experience significant higher levels of indirect markers of muscle damage when performing a multi-joint lower-limb exercise compared with a single one.

Acute Effects of Foam Rolling on Cycling Performance: A Randomized Cross-Over Study.

Acute foam rolling protocols may increase range of motion without a negative impact on muscle performance. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the acute effects of foam rolling on cycling performance (mean power and maximal power), affect and perceived exertion. A secondary aim was to assess the effect of foam rolling on post-exercise muscle soreness. In a random order, ten recreationally trained cyclists (age: 26 ± 5 years; height 1.76 ± 0.06 m; total body mass 78.3 ± 19.8 kg; cycling experience: 5.6 ± 5.3 years; 4.1 ± 1.3 cycling sessions per week and 1.4 ± 1.4 strength sessions per week) were submitted to the following experimental conditions (separated by one week) before performing a three-minute, all-out cycling test: foam rolling or control. During foam rolling protocol, participants were instructed to roll back and forth on one leg and to place the opposite leg crossed over, from the proximal to the distal portion of the rectus femoris and vastus lateralis during one set of sixty seconds for each muscle group. Feeling scale (10 min pre and post-test), CR-10 scale of perceived exertion (ten-minute post-test), pressure pain threshold (pre and 24 h post-test) and mean/maximal power were assessed. No significant differences were observed between conditions for mean and maximal power, affect, perceived exertion, and pressure pain threshold (all p > 0.05). In conclusion, a pre-exercise acute session of self-myofascial release does not improve performance and post-exercise muscle soreness of recreationally trained cyclists.

Exercise intensity to maximal aerobic speed, physical activity level and heart rate variability in postmenopausal women / Intensidad del ejercicio para la velocidad aeróbica máxima, nivel de actividad física y variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca en mujeres posmenopáusicas / Intensidade do exercício para velocidade aeróbica máxima, nível de atividade física e variabilidade da frequência cardíaca em mulheres na pós-menopausa

Physical inactivity is main cause of disease worldwide. Identify the physical exercise preference, resulting in increases adherence and future intention to perform physical activity. The preference of the intensity of exercise questionnaire (PRETIE-Q) is the main tool used to assess preference in physical exercise. Variables as age, body mass index (BMI), usual physical activity level (PAL), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2máx), can influence in PRETIE-Q answers. The purpose of this study was investigate if there is relation between preference for exercise intensity with maximal aerobic speed (MAS), PAL and heart rate variability (HRV) in postmenopausal women phase. Participated of study 30 subjects who answer PRETIE-Q together with analyses of MAS, PAL and HRV. Preference was large correlated with MAS (r = 0.63), PAL (r = 0.57) and HRVRMSSD (r = 0.52). Together, MAS (40.4%), PAL (10.7%) and HRVRMSSD (6.4%) explained 57.5% of the preference score. This results study allow to health professional, that prescribe physical exercise, understand that subjects with high aerobic capacity, cardiovagal modulation and usual PAL will have preference for high intensity exercise. In consequence, can increase the adherence to systematic practice of physical exercise. Conclude that preference of exercise intensity for women in postmenopausal phase is related with aerobic capacity, high HRV and physical activity level

La inactividad física es la principal causa de enfermedades en todo el mundo. Identificar la preferencia al ejercicio físico da como resultado una mayor adherencia y una futura intención de realizar actividad física. El cuestionario de preferencia para al ejercicio físico (PRETIE-Q) es la herramienta principal utilizada para evaluar la preferencia en el ejercicio físico. Las variables como la edad, el índice de masa corporal (IMC), el nivel de actividad física habitual (NAFH), la captación máxima de oxígeno(VO2max) pueden influir en las respuestas de PRETIE-Q. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar si existe una relación entre la preferencia por la intensidad del ejercicio y la velocidad aeróbica máxima (VAM), la NAFH y la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca (VFC) en mujeres posmenopáusicas. El estudio incluyó a 30 individuos que respondieron a PRETIE-Q junto con análisis de VAM, NAFH y HRV. La preferencia tenía una gran correlación con VAM (r = 0.63), NAFH (r = 0.57) y VFCRMSSD(r = 0.52). VAM (40,4%), NAFH (10,7%) y VFCRMSSD(6,4%) juntos explican el 57,5% de la preferencia del resultado. Los resultados de este estudio permiten que los profesionales de la salud, que prescriben el ejercicio físico, comprendan que las personas con alta capacidad aeróbica, la modulación cardiovagal y la NAFH tendrán preferencia por el ejercicio de alta intensidad. En consecuencia, puede aumentar la adherencia a la práctica sistemática del ejercicio físico. Se concluye que la preferencia de intensidad de ejercicio para las mujeres posmenopáusicas está relacionada con la capacidad aeróbica, alta VFC y nivel de actividad física

Inatividade física é a principalcausa de doenças ao redor do mundo. Identificar a preferência ao exercício físico, resulta em aumento da aderência e intenção futura para realizar a atividade física. O questionário de preferência do exercício físico (PRETIE-Q) é a principal ferramenta usada para avaliar preferência em exercício físico. Variáveis como idade, índice de massa corporal (IMC), nível de atividade física habitual (NAFH), consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2máx), podem influenciar nas respostas do PRETIE-Q. O objetivo deste presente estudo foi investigar se existe relação entre preferência pela intensidade do exercício com a velocidade aeróbia máxima (VAM), NAFH, e variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) em mulheres na fase de pós-menopausa. Participaram do estudo 30 indivíduas que responderam PRETIE-Q junto com análises de VAM, NAFH, e VFC. A preferência teve grande correlação com VAM (r= 0.63), NAFH (r= 0.57) e VFCRMSSD(r= 0.52). A VAM (40,4%), NAFH (10,7%), e VFCRMSSD(6,4%) juntos explicam 57,5% da preferênciado resultado. Os resultados deste estudo permitem profissionais de saúde, que prescrevem exercício físico, entender que indivíduos com alta capacidade aeróbia, modulação cardiovagal e NAFH terão preferência por exercício de alta intensidade. Em consequência, pode aumentar a aderência para a prática sistemática de exercício físico. Conclui-se que preferência da intensidade de exercício para mulheres em fase pós-menopausa está relacionada com capacidade aeróbia, alta VFC e nível de atividade física

Acute physiological and affective responses in postmenopausal women during prescribed and self-selected aerobic exercise / Respuestas fisiológicas y afectivas agudas en mujeres posmenopáusicas durante el ejercicio aeróbico prescrito y auto-seleccionado / Respostas fisiológicas e afetivas agudas em mulheres na pós menopausa durante exercício aeróbio prescrito e auto-selecionado

Few elderly meet current physical activity (PA) guidelines. The limitations for PA adherence is due the barriers found such as displeasure, discomfort, pain and sense of exhaustion. Self-selected exercise has been strategy for PA adherence, due greatest tolerance by aerobic exercise practitioners. The aim of this study was investigate physiological and psychological responses in prescribed and self-selected sessions in postmenopausal women. It was recruited 27 women active. The study consisted 3 moments: familiarization, self-selected, prescribed sessions. The intensity of self-selected session was replicated in prescribed session. There was significant main effect of the time for HR (p=0,047), FS (p=0,009) and Borg scale (p=0,012). Session by time interaction the significant main effect in HR (p<0,001). Significant mean difference was observed for psychological variables FS (p= 0,011), Borg scale (p= 0,016) and ITL (p<0,001). This study demonstrates the self-selected session relationship with greatest affection and low perceived effort exercise when compared to prescribed exercise

Pocos ancianos cumplen con las pautas actuales de actividad física (PA). Las limitaciones para la adherencia de la PA se deben a las barreras encontradas, como el disgusto, la incomodidad, el dolor y la sensación de agotamiento. El ejercicio auto seleccionado ha sido una estrategia para la adherencia de la PA, debido a la mayor tolerancia de los practicantes de ejercicio aeróbico. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar las respuestas fisiológicas y psicológicas en sesiones prescritas y auto seleccionadas en mujeres posmenopáusicas. Se reclutaron 27 mujeres activas. El estudio constó de 3 momentos: familiarización, auto-seleccionados, sesiones prescritas. La intensidad de la sesión auto-seleccionada se replicó en la sesión prescrita. Hubo un efecto principal significativo del tiempo para la FC (p = 0,047), FS (p = 0,009) y escala de Borg (p = 0,012). Interacción sesión por tiempo: efecto principal significativo en la FC (p <0,001). Se observó una diferencia de medias significativa para las variables psicológicas FS (p = 0,011), escala de Borg (p = 0,016) y ITL (p <0,001). Este estudio demuestra la relación del sesión auto-seleccionada con el mayor afecto y el ejercicio de esfuerzo percibido bajo en comparación con el ejercicio prescrito

Poucos idosos atendem às diretrizes atuais de atividade física (AF). As limitações para a adesão à AF se devem às barreiras encontradas, como desprazer, desconforto, dor e sensação de esgotamento. O exercício auto-selecionado tem sido uma estratégia para a adesão à AF, devido à maior tolerância dos praticantes de exercícios aeróbicos. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar as respostas fisiológicas e psicológicas em sessões prescritas e auto-selecionadas em mulheres na pós-menopausa. Foram recrutadas 27 mulheres ativas. O estudo consistiu em 3 momentos: familiarização, sessão auto-selecionada e sessão prescrita. A intensidade da sessão auto-selecionada foi replicada na sessão prescrita. Houve efeito principal significativo do tempo para FC (p = 0,047), FS (p = 0,009) escala de Borg (p = 0,012). Interação da sessão por tempo, efeito principal significativo na FC (p <0,001). Diferença média significativa foi observada para as variáveis psicológicas FS (p = 0,011), escala de Borg (p = 0,016) e ITL (p <0,001). Este estudo demonstra a relação da sessão auto-selecionada com maior afetividade e baixo esforço percebido quando comparado ao exercício prescrito