Infantile Spasms, Clinical Manifestations of a Rare Brain Tumor: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma (DIG) has a favorable prognosis and is classified as a benign infantile brain tumor. The DIG is more common in children under 2 years of age than in other age groups. This report introduces a 5.5 month-old infant who was referred with infantile spasms and diagnosed with a brain tumor. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a large heterogeneous mass in the right hemisphere with shifting to the other side. The patient underwent surgery. The extra-axial mass was completely resected, and the diagnosis of DIG grade I was confirmed by pathology. After one year, patient development was normal, and the seizures did not recur. In addition, the general condition was good. With a brief review and search in the literature, 13 case reports were identified 9 of which were male cases. The mean age of initial manifestation to final tumor diagnosis was 4 months. Out of 13 patients, 8 cases were reported with the mass origin in the right hemisphere. The most commonly observed tumors were glioma (n=4) and hypothalamic hamartoma (n=3). Except for three patients who died, the remaining had a complete recovery after tumor removal with a seizure-free interval at follow-up.

Survival of the hospitalized patients with COVID-19 receiving atorvastatin: A randomized clinical trial.

As statins decrease the progression of sepsis and its related mortality, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of atorvastatin on survival and symptom improvement in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. This randomized controlled trial was performed on 156 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Bojnourd city in 2021. Patients were randomly divided into comparison (standard therapy: hydroxychloroquine + Kaletra®) and intervention groups (atorvastatin 20 mg, SD, plus standard therapy). The main outcomes were the rate of symptom improvement, duration of hospitalization, need for intubation, and mortality rate. In this study, seven patients died, two patients (2.6%) in the comparison group and five (6.6%) in the intervention group. The mean hospitalization days (p = 0.001), the pulse rate (p = 0.004), and the frequency of hospitalization in the ICU ward (18.4% vs. 1.3%) were longer and greater in the intervention group. The remission probability in the comparison group was greater (p = 0.0001). The median hospitalization days in the intervention group was longer (p < 0.001) and remission in the comparison group occurred 1.71 times sooner (hazard ratio = 1.70, 95% confidence interval = 1.22-2.38, p = 0.002). Totally, adding atorvastatin to the standard regime in this study increased hospitalization days and imposed negative effects on symptom improvement in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

Case report of open appendectomy in treating acute perforated appendicitis with necrotizing fasciitis of the abdominal wall: A rare complication of a common disease.

Acute appendicitis can be associated with uncommon complications such as necrotizing fasciitis. We present a case of a 37-year-old woman referred to our hospital with a 1-week history of significant weakness, anorexia, and mild abdominal pain. According to laboratory and radiographic data, the patient was diagnosed with perforated appendicitis and gangrene.

Melatonin and pancreatic cancer: Current knowledge and future perspectives.

Pancreatic cancer has a high mortality rate due to the absence of early symptoms and subsequent late diagnosis; additionally, pancreatic cancer has a high resistance to radio- and chemotherapy. Multiple inflammatory pathways are involved in the pathophysiology of pancreatic cancer. Melatonin an indoleamine produced in the pineal gland mediated and receptor-independent action is the pancreas and other where has both receptors. Melatonin is a potent antioxidant and tissue protector against inflammation and oxidative stress. In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that melatonin supplementation is an appropriate therapeutic approach for pancreatic cancer. Melatonin may be an effective apoptosis inducer in cancer cells through regulation of a large number of molecular pathways including oxidative stress, heat shock proteins, and vascular endothelial growth factor. Limited clinical studies, however, have evaluated the role of melatonin in pancreatic cancer. This review summarizes what is known regarding the effects of melatonin on pancreatic cancer and the mechanisms involved.