Kidney Transplantation in a Recipient with Positive RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2.

When it is safe to proceed with transplantation after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is still unknown. We describe the clinical course and management of immunosuppression in a patient with positive real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a nasopharyngeal swab at the time of kidney transplantation, and with positive antibodies for SARS-CoV-2. The patient had no complications and was discharged with a functioning graft.

Molecular characterization of Eimeria sp. from Galápagos giant tortoises (Chelonoidis spp.).

Galápagos giant tortoises are an essential component of their ecosystem and evaluation of parasites in their populations is essential for the management of conservation processes. Coccidiosis is the most common intestinal infection in free-living and captive reptiles. The aim of this study was to characterize molecularly the presence of Eimeria sp. in captive reared giant tortoises from Santa Cruz, Santiago, Española, and Pinzon Islands hatched and housed at the tortoise rearing center on Santa Cruz Island, Galápagos, by sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene. Galápagos. All samples were previously analyzed by coproparasitoscopic flotation technique and PCR for molecular identification. The results obtained by microscopy examination showed oocysts in all samples. PCR and sequencing indicated the presence Eimeria sp., showing a similarity percentage of 98% with Eimeria environmental. In conclusion, we identified a group of coccidia of the genus Eimeria sp. (MK909931) in Galápagos tortoises.

Burden, access, and disparities in kidney disease.

This article was published in Kidney International volume 95, pages 242-248, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2018.11.007, Copyright World Kidney Day 2019 Steering Committee (2019) and is reprinted concurrently in several journals. The articles cover identical concepts and wording, but vary in minor stylistic and spelling changes, detail, and length of manuscript in keeping with each journal's style. Any of these versions may be used in citing this article. Note that all authors contributed equally to the conception, preparation, and editing of the manuscript. Kidney disease is a global public health problem, affecting over 750 million persons worldwide. The burden of kidney disease varies substantially across the world, as does its detection and treatment. In many settings, rates of kidney disease and the provision of its care are defined by socio-economic, cultural, and political factors leading to significant disparities. World Kidney Day 2019 offers an opportunity to raise awareness of kidney disease and highlight disparities in its burden and current state of global capacity for prevention and management. Here, we highlight that many countries still lack access to basic diagnostics, a trained nephrology workforce, universal access to primary health care, and renal replacement therapies. We point to the need for strengthening basic infrastructure for kidney care services for early detection and management of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease across all countries and advocate for more pragmatic approaches to providing renal replacement therapies. Achieving universal health coverage worldwide by 2030 is one of the World Health Organization's Sustainable Development Goals. While universal health coverage may not include all elements of kidney care in all countries, understanding what is feasible and important for a country or region with a focus on reducing the burden and consequences of kidney disease would be an important step towards achieving kidney health equity.

Burden, access, and disparities in kidney disease

This article was published in Kidney International volume 95, pages 242-248, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2018.11.007, Copyright World Kidney Day 2019 Steering Committee (2019) and is reprinted concurrently in several journals. The articles cover identical concepts and wording, but vary in minor stylistic and spelling changes, detail, and length of manuscript in keeping with each journal's style. Any of these versions may be used in citing this article. Note that all authors contributed equally to the conception, preparation, and editing of the manuscript. Kidney disease is a global public health problem, affecting over 750 million persons worldwide. The burden of kidney disease varies substantially across the world, as does its detection and treatment. In many settings, rates of kidney disease and the provision of its care are defined by socio-economic, cultural, and political factors leading to significant disparities. World Kidney Day 2019 offers an opportunity to raise awareness of kidney disease and highlight disparities in its burden and current state of global capacity for prevention and management. Here, we highlight that many countries still lack access to basic diagnostics, a trained nephrology workforce, universal access to primary health care, and renal replacement therapies. We point to the need for strengthening basic infrastructure for kidney care services for early detection and management of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease across all countries and advocate for more pragmatic approaches to providing renal replacement therapies. Achieving universal health coverage worldwide by 2030 is one of the World Health Organization's Sustainable Development Goals. While universal health coverage may not include all elements of kidney care in all countries, understanding what is feasible and important for a country or region with a focus on reducing the burden and consequences of kidney disease would be an important step towards achieving kidney health equity.

Molecular diagnosis of cattle trypanosomes in Venezuela: evidences of Trypanosoma evansi and Trypanosoma vivax infections.

In South America Trypanosoma evansi has been determined by molecular methods in cattle from Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia and Peru, reason for which the presence of this parasite is not excluded in Venezuelan livestock. Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform parasitological and molecular diagnosis of cattle trypanosomosis in small livestock units from two regions in this country. The parasitological diagnosis was carried out by MHCT and the molecular by PCR using genus-specific ITS1 primers that differentiate T. vivax and T. evansi infections. 47 cattle were evaluated in the "Laguneta de la Montaña" sector, Miranda State, where 3 animals were diagnosed as positive (6.4 %) by MHCT and 14 (30 %) by PCR as Trypanosoma spp., out of which 9 animals resulted positive for T. vivax, 3 for T. evansi and 2 with double infections. Whilst in the "San Casimiro" sector, State of Aragua, out of the 38 cattle evaluated 7 animals were diagnosed as positive (18.4 %) by MHCT and 19 (50 %) by PCR, determining only the presence of T. evansi in this locality. The molecular diagnosis by PCR using ITS1 primers allowed T. evansi detection in cattle field populations, which suggests the possible role of these animals as reservoirs in the epidemiology of the disease caused by T. evansi in Venezuela.

2016 Comprehensive Update of the Banff Working Group on Liver Allograft Pathology: Introduction of Antibody-Mediated Rejection.

The Banff Working Group on Liver Allograft Pathology reviewed and discussed literature evidence regarding antibody-mediated liver allograft rejection at the 11th (Paris, France, June 5-10, 2011), 12th (Comandatuba, Brazil, August 19-23, 2013), and 13th (Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, October 5-10, 2015) meetings of the Banff Conference on Allograft Pathology. Discussion continued online. The primary goal was to introduce guidelines and consensus criteria for the diagnosis of liver allograft antibody-mediated rejection and provide a comprehensive update of all Banff Schema recommendations. Included are new recommendations for complement component 4d tissue staining and interpretation, staging liver allograft fibrosis, and findings related to immunosuppression minimization. In an effort to create a single reference document, previous unchanged criteria are also included.

Técnica todo sobre -4 y carga inmediata para rehabilitación del maxilar superior: reporte de caso clínico / All on -4 technique and immediate loading for maxilla rehabilitation a clinical case report

La Técnica TODO SOBRE -4 (All-on-4) desarrollada por el Dr. Paulo Maló, está basada en la rehabilitación completa de los maxilares con una prótesis fija de carga inmediata sobre 4 implantes adecuadamente distribuidos; 2 implantes angulados posteriores y 2 implantes axiales anteriores, sin la utilización de injertos óseos. En este trabajo presentamos un caso clínico de rehabilitación completa del maxilar superior con la técnica Todo Sobre -4

The All-on-4 technique developed by Dr. Paulo Maló, is based on the full arch rehabilitation of the jaws with a fixed prostheses on four implants immediately loaded and adequately distributed; 2 tilted posterior implants and 2 axial anterior implants without the need of bone grafts. In this work we present a clinical case of full arch rehabilitation of the maxilla with the All-on-4 technique

Association of Aeromonas caviae polar and lateral flagella with biofilm formation.

AIM: To evaluate the association of the polar and lateral flagella with biofilm formation on plastic surfaces in 76 Aeromonas caviae strains isolated from environment (lagoon water), food (vegetables, fish and cheese) and human source (faeces). METHODS AND RESULTS: Both polar (flaA) and lateral (lafA) flagellin genes have been investigated by means of PCR and colony blot hybridization assays. The ability to form biofilm in polystyrene microtitre plates was evaluated and correlated with the presence and absence from these genes. The flaA and lafA genes had a frequency of 94% and 71%, respectively. All lafA(+) strains were also flaA(+) . Biofilm formation was observed in 72% of strains. Ninety-four per cent of flaA(+) lafA(+) strains could form biofilm and those that presented an intense biofilm production harboured both genes. All flaA(-) lafA(-) isolates, as well as 76% of flaA(+) lafA(-) strains, were incapable of forming biofilm. All the fish strains were flaA(+) lafA(+) and displayed higher biofilm formation (88%). Lagoon water samples exhibited lower positivity rate for the lafA gene (57%) and decreased ability to produce biofilm (39%). CONCLUSIONS: Both polar and lateral flagellar function contribute to biofilm formation in Aer. caviae strains. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study provides evidence for the association of both flagella with biofilm formation, a factor required for pathogenicity of Aer. caviae strains of varied sources, especially food and human.

Experiencia inicial en videotoracoscopía: Hospital Base Osorno / Initial experience in videothoracoscopy: Base Hospital Osorno

Introducción: La videotoracoscopía constituye un abordaje mínimamente invasivo del tórax de gran desarrollo en las últimas décadas, permitiendo la realización de prácticamente todos los procedimientos quirúrgicos del tórax. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar nuestra experiencia inicial con el uso de la videotoracoscopía, sus resultados y realizar una revisión de la literatura. Material y métodos: Se revisó una serie de casos retrospectiva de todos los pacientes intervenidos por vía videotoracoscópica en el Hospital Base Osorno, entre Octubre del 2005 y Septiembre del 2011. Resultados: Se realizaron 31 videotoracoscopías en 29 pacientes. Dieciocho (62 por ciento) pacientes fueron de sexo masculino y 11 (28 por ciento) de sexo femenino. La edad promedio fue de 46,2 +- 16 años de edad. Las indicaciones más frecuentes fueron: estudio de nódulos pulmonares sospechosos de metástasis, empiema pleural y derrame pleural en estudio. Los procedimientos realizados con mayor frecuencia fueron debridaje y aseo, biopsia incisional y biopsia en cuña de nódulos pulmonares. El tiempo operatorio promedio fue de 80,1 +- 43,4 minutos. El tiempo de hospitalización post operatoria promedio fue de 10 +- 10,1 días (rango 1 a 36 días). No hubo mortalidad perioperatoria en la serie. Discusión: Nuestros resultados son satisfactorios y acorde a los reportados en la literatura.

Introduction: the video-assisted thoracoscopy (VATS) is a minimally invasive approach to thoracic surgery with a great development in recent decades, allowing the performance of almost all thoracic surgical procedures. The aim of this study is to present our initial experience with the use of VATS, its results and review the literature. Material and methods: We reviewed a retrospective case series of all patients undergoing VATS in the Hospital Base Osorno between October 2005 and September 2011. Results: We performed 31 VATS in 29 patients. Eighteen (62 percent patients were male and 11 (28 percent female. The average age was 46.2 +- 16 years. The most frequent indications were: study of suspected pulmonary metastasis, pleural empyema and pleura effusion. The most frequently performed procedures were drainage, incisional biopsy and wedge biopsy of lung nodules. The mean operative time was 80.1 +- 43.4 minutes. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 10 +- 10.1 days (range 1 to 36 days). There was no mortality. Discussion: Our results are satisfactory and consistent with those reported in the literature.

AC conductivity of selectively located carbon nanotubes in poly(epsilon-caprolactone)/polylactide blend nanocomposites.

DC and AC electrical conductivity of bionanocomposites based on the immiscible polymer blend poly(epsilon-caprolactone)/polylactide (PCL/PLA, w/w 70/30), loaded with multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNT), were studied in a wide frequency range, 10(-3) < or = f < or = 10(7) Hz from 143 to 313 K. The nanofiller concentration ranged from 0 to 4 wt % and it was shown to be selectively located in the PCL phase. The PCL crystallinity degree was not affected by the presence of CNT. The variation of the DC conductivity allowed the determination of the percolation threshold, p(c) = 0.98 wt %, and the critical exponent t = 2.2 of the scaling law. The linear dependence of log (sigma(DC)) versus p(-1/3) showed the existence of tunneling conduction among CNT not yet in physical contact. The temperature independent results indicated a conventional tunnel effect. The AC conductivity of the nanocomposites followed the predictions of the universal dynamic response and the s exponents were determined at low concentrations. Master curves are presented showing the length and temperature-time superpositions.

[Grade III acromioclavicular dislocation treated with a minimally invasive approach]. / Luxaciones acromioclavicular grado III con técnica mínimamente invasiva.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) in the treatment of type III acromioclavicular dislocations using the UCLA and DASH evaluations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective, longitudinal, observational study; clinical series of patients with a diagnosis of type III acromioclavicular dislocation who underwent MIS consisting of percutaneous reduction, placement of a 4.5 mm cortical screw, an 11 mm metallic washer and 1.6 mm Kirschner nails at the Polanco Red Cross Hospital from July 2007 to July 2009. The evaluations were done using the UCLA test and the DASH questionnaire. RESULTS: The total number of patients was 42; 5 females and 37 males. According to the UCLA test, 86% of them had excellent to good results and 14% partial to poor results. The results of the DASH questionnaire were as follows: 80% had no difficulty to mild difficulty; 18% had moderate to severe difficulty, and 2% had disability for performing daily life activities. CONCLUSIONS: MIS is a good treatment for the management of type III acromioclavicular dislocation with long-term results based on the UCLA test and the DASH questionnaire.

Effects of vitamin C and E dietary supplementation on erythrocyte parameters of layer chickens reared in high ambient temperature and humidity

A 30-day experiment involving 720 White Leghorn (L33) layer chickens of 39 weeks of age and average live weight of 1.8 ± 0.04 kg was carried out in a completely randomized design to evaluate the effects of vitamins C and E on erythrocyte parameters of layers during natural summer conditions. Birds were allotted to 4 treatments containing 0, 150 mg vitamin C, 150 mg vitamin E, and 150 mg vitamin C plus 150 mg vitamin E/kg feed. Each treatment was replicated four times. The exposure of layers to 31±3 °C and 33±0 °C ambient temperature and 84.6% and 81.5% relative humidity, inside and outside the experimental pen, during the study period caused an increase in temperature humidity index 15.5 above the threshold value of 70 established for this species. Total erythrocytes counts were not affected by treatment. However, hematocrit and hemoglobin were significantly (p 0.001) different in vitamin-C and E treated groups, individually or in combination, as compared to the control birds. Also, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration of the birds fed vitamins C or E, or vitamins C+E were significantly (p 0.001) higher than those in control group. The results of the present study showed that the dietary supplementation of vitamin C and E, particularly as a combination, alleviated the counterproductive effects of high ambient temperature and humidity on the birds.

Intoxicación con etilenglicol. Presentación de casos y revisión de la literatura / Intoxication with ethylene glycol. Presentation of cases and review of literature

El etilénglicol es un producto utilizado en la industria química. La ingesta o aspiración de esta sustancia es una emergencia médica que se debe diagnos� ticar y tratar de inmediato. Inicialmente produce un cuadro conocido como "embriaguez sin aliento alcohólico", seguido de toxicidad cardiopulmonar y renal con grave acidosis metabólica con brecha aniónica aumentada. En la mayoría de los Centros, no es posible determinar la concentración de eti� lénglicol en sangre, por lo que el diagnóstico inicial se basa en la anamnesis y en la presencia de acidosis metabólica grave con brecha aniónica elevada. El tratamiento consiste en soporte vital, adecuada infusión de fluidos y bicar� bonato de sodio, administración de etanol o fomepizol para antagonizar la enzima alcohol deshidrogenasa y, en algunos casos, hemodiálisis.(AU)

The ethylene glycol is a product used in the chemical industry. The intake or inhalation of this substance is a medical emergency that should be diagnosed and treated early. Initially it causes a condition known as "drunkenness with� out alcoholic breath", followed by cardiopulmonary and renal dysfunctions with severe metabolic acidosis and increased anion gap. Determination of blood levels is not available in most health care centers, so initial diagnosis should be based on history and the presence of metabolic acidosis with el� evated anion gap. Treatment consists of vital support, adequate fluid and bicarbonate infusion, administration of ethanol o fomepizole to antagonize the � genase and, in some cases, hemodialysis.(AU)

Effects of vitamin C and E dietary supplementation on erythrocyte parameters of layer chickens reared in high ambient temperature and humidity

A 30-day experiment involving 720 White Leghorn (L33) layer chickens of 39 weeks of age and average live weight of 1.8 ± 0.04 kg was carried out in a completely randomized design to evaluate the effects of vitamins C and E on erythrocyte parameters of layers during natural summer conditions. Birds were allotted to 4 treatments containing 0, 150 mg vitamin C, 150 mg vitamin E, and 150 mg vitamin C plus 150 mg vitamin E/kg feed. Each treatment was replicated four times. The exposure of layers to 31±3 °C and 33±0 °C ambient temperature and 84.6% and 81.5% relative humidity, inside and outside the experimental pen, during the study period caused an increase in temperature humidity index 15.5 above the threshold value of 70 established for this species. Total erythrocytes counts were not affected by treatment. However, hematocrit and hemoglobin were significantly (p 0.001) different in vitamin-C and E treated groups, individually or in combination, as compared to the control birds. Also, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration of the birds fed vitamins C or E, or vitamins C+E were significantly (p 0.001) higher than those in control group. The results of the present study showed that the dietary supplementation of vitamin C and E, particularly as a combination, alleviated the counterproductive effects of high ambient temperature and humidity on the birds.

Abscesos cerebelosos como complicación infrecuente de absceso hepático amebiano: Reporte de un caso

El absceso cerebral es una infrecuente y fatal complicación extraintestinal de la infección por E. histolytica. Presentamos el caso de un paciente que falleció por múltiples abscesos cerebelosos asociados con absceso hepático amebiano. Caso clínico: Se trata de paciente masculino, 62 años, proveniente del área metropolitana. Consulta por presentar dolor abdominal en hipocondrio derecho, nauseas, vómitos, fiebre y evacuaciones líquidas. Se diagnosticó absceso hepático de 12 x 8 cm de diámetro, por ultrasonido abdominal, correlacionado con la clínica y hallazgos de laboratorio (leucocitosis, elevación de transaminasas y fosfatasas alcalinas). Adicionalmente, el ELISA indirecto para determinar IgG para E. histolytica resultó positivo. La biopsia guiada por ultrasonido sugiere absceso hepático. Recibió tratamiento con metronidazol y ciprofloxacina por 10 días presentando mejoría clínica y de laboratorio. Sin embargo, consulta nuevamente con reaparición de los síntomas, pero se agrega cefalea occipital de fuerte intensidad. Al examen físico de reingreso se encuentran cifras tensiónales de 157/122 mmHg, refractarias al tratamiento, así como hallazgos de déficit neurológico sugestivos de síndrome cerebeloso. Se realizó tomografía de cráneo donde se evidencian múltiples imágenes hipodensas en probable relación con abscesos. Se planteó drenaje quirúrgico, sin embargo el paciente, falleció a las pocas horas.

Brain abscess are a rare and fatal complication of infection with extraintestinal E. histolytica. We present a patient who died of multiple cerebellar abscesses associated with amebic liver abscess. Clinical case: male, 62 years old, from the metropolitan area. Who came in 4 weeks before his death due to abdominal pain in the right hypochondrium, nausea, vomiting, fever and diarrhea. Liver abscess were diagnosed in 12 x 8 cm diameter, by abdominal ultrasound, correlated with clinical and laboratory findings (leukocytosis, high transaminases and alkaline phosphatases). Additionally, the indirect ELISA to determine IgG to E. histolytica was positive. Biopsy guided by ultrasound is concluded as abscess. The patient received treatment with metronidazole and ciprofloxacin for 10 days showing improvement. However, checked again with recurrence of symptoms, but adds strong occipital headache intensity. Initial physical examination re-found the blood pressure 157/122 mmHg, refractory to treatment, and findings of neurological deficits suggestive of cerebellar syndrome. Cranial tomography was performed which showed multiple hypodense images in connection with probable abscess. Surgical drainage was raised; however the patient evolved torpidly and died within hours.

A 245kb mini-chromosome impacts on Leishmania braziliensis infection and survival.

Leishmania (V.) braziliensis, the causative agent of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in the New World, may present an LD1 type genomic amplification that appears as a small 245 kb linear chromosome, and is not clearly associated to the presence of a selection agent. A bt1 gene, codifying for a biopterin transporter protein, was identified in this small chromosome. Leishmania are auxotrophic for pterins and one of the proposed explanations for the appearance of this amplification is the improvement of biopterin capture by the parasite. We analyzed some biological aspects of two lineages of L. braziliensis strain M2903, with and without the small amplified chromosome. We showed differences in infectivity of these lineages, in macrophages and the insect vector Lutzomyia longipalpis, as well as in the uptake and metabolization of intermediates of the Leishmania biopterin salvage pathway. Our results suggest that the genomic amplification favors survival due to improved biopterin capture and at the same time hinders the infective capability, suggesting that within a population different parasites can perform different roles.

Expression of neurotensin and its receptors in pituitary adenomas.

The neurotensin (NT) produced in the hypothalamus and in pituitary gonadotrophs and thyrotrophs participates in neuroendocrine regulation. Recently, the involvement of this peptide in normal and neoplastic cell proliferation has been postulated. In the present study, we evaluated the expression of NT and its receptors (NTR1, 2 and 3) in a series of 50 pituitary adenomas [11 growth hormone (GH)-, eight prolactin (PRL)-, four adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)- and 27 nonfunctioning adenomas]. NT mRNA expression was significantly higher in functioning compared to nonfunctioning adenomas and with normal pituitary. Nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas showed lower expression of NT mRNA than normal pituitary. In the immunohistochemical study of functioning adenomas, NT was colocalised with GH, PRL and ACTH secreting cells. In nonfunctioning adenomas, the NT immunoreactivity intensity was variable among the samples. NTR3 mRNA expression was observed in all examined samples and was higher in the adenomas, both functioning and nonfunctioning, compared to normal pituitary. By contrast, NTR1 and NTR2 mRNA were not detected in either pituitary adenomas or normal tissue. The higher expression of NTR3, as well as the expression of NT by tumoural corticotrophs, lactotrophs and somatotrophs, which are cells types that do not express this peptide in the normal pituitary, suggests that NT autocrine and/or paracrine stimulation mediated by NTR3 may be a mechanism associated with the tumourigenesis of functioning adenomas.

Avaliação de parâmetros clínicos e hematológicos de eqüinos submetidos a um programa de controle estratégico de Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius, 1787) (Acari: Ixodidae) / Evaluation of clinical and hematological parameters of equines submitted to a strategic control program of Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius, 1787) (Acari: Ixodidae)

Estudaram-se aspectos clínicos e hematológicos em eqüinos submetidos a um programa de controle estratégico de A. cajennense. Os tratamentos carrapaticidas foram realizados a cada sete dias e divididos em dois módulos, o primeiro com início em abril de 2004, e o segundo com início em julho do mesmo ano, utilizando-se a base química piretróide - cipermetrina na concentração de 0,015 por cento. Além do acompanhamento clínico dos animais, foram realizados hemogramas completos antes e após o programa. As dosagens bioquímicas de bilirrubinas, gama-glutamiltransferase (GGT), aspartato aminotransferase (AST), creatina kinase (CK), proteína total, albumina e globulinas, foram realizadas antes, durante e ao final do programa. Os resultados demonstraram que houve uma melhora no quadro hematológico dos animais após o programa de controle. Os tratamentos carrapaticidas, na forma em foram aplicados, não provocaram alterações desfavoráveis nos parâmetros clínicos e hematológicos dos eqüinos. Tais informações podem ser consideradas na busca de alternativas viáveis e seguras para o controle dessa espécie de carrapato.(AU)

Clinical and hematological parameters were studied in equines submitted to a strategic control program of Amblyomma cajennense. The acaricide treatments were carried to each seven days and divided in two batteries, the first one began in April 2004 and the second in July 2004. A pyrethroid chemical base - 0.015 percent cypermethrin was used. Clinical examinations of the animals and complete hemograms were carried before and after the control program of the tick. Seric dosages of bilirrubins, gamma-glutamiltransferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatin kinase (CK), total protein, albumin, and globulins, were carried before and throughout the experiment. The results showed an improvement in the hematological parameters of the animals after the end of control program. The acaricide treatments did not cause undesirable alterations of the clinical and hematological parameters studied. Such information can be considered as viable and safe alternatives for the control of this tick.(AU)

Avaliação de parâmetros clínicos e hematológicos de eqüinos submetidos a um programa de controle estratégico de Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius, 1787) (Acari: Ixodidae) / Evaluation of clinical and hematological parameters of equines submitted to a strategic control program of Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius, 1787) (Acari: Ixodidae)

Estudaram-se aspectos clínicos e hematológicos em eqüinos submetidos a um programa de controle estratégico de A. cajennense. Os tratamentos carrapaticidas foram realizados a cada sete dias e divididos em dois módulos, o primeiro com início em abril de 2004, e o segundo com início em julho do mesmo ano, utilizando-se a base química piretróide - cipermetrina na concentração de 0,015 por cento. Além do acompanhamento clínico dos animais, foram realizados hemogramas completos antes e após o programa. As dosagens bioquímicas de bilirrubinas, gama-glutamiltransferase (GGT), aspartato aminotransferase (AST), creatina kinase (CK), proteína total, albumina e globulinas, foram realizadas antes, durante e ao final do programa. Os resultados demonstraram que houve uma melhora no quadro hematológico dos animais após o programa de controle. Os tratamentos carrapaticidas, na forma em foram aplicados, não provocaram alterações desfavoráveis nos parâmetros clínicos e hematológicos dos eqüinos. Tais informações podem ser consideradas na busca de alternativas viáveis e seguras para o controle dessa espécie de carrapato.

Clinical and hematological parameters were studied in equines submitted to a strategic control program of Amblyomma cajennense. The acaricide treatments were carried to each seven days and divided in two batteries, the first one began in April 2004 and the second in July 2004. A pyrethroid chemical base - 0.015 percent cypermethrin was used. Clinical examinations of the animals and complete hemograms were carried before and after the control program of the tick. Seric dosages of bilirrubins, gamma-glutamiltransferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatin kinase (CK), total protein, albumin, and globulins, were carried before and throughout the experiment. The results showed an improvement in the hematological parameters of the animals after the end of control program. The acaricide treatments did not cause undesirable alterations of the clinical and hematological parameters studied. Such information can be considered as viable and safe alternatives for the control of this tick.

Genotypic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Cryptosporidium sp. from domestic animals in Brazil.

The purpose of the present study was the genetic characterization, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 18S rDNA sequences of Cryptosporidium isolates obtained from different animal hosts in Brazil. Fecal samples containing Cryptosporidium oocysts were obtained from chickens, ducks, quails, guinea pigs, dairy calves, dogs and cats. For amplification of 18S rDNA sequences the Secondary-PCR product of the extracted DNA from fecal suspension of each studied animal was utilized. The primary genetic characterization of Cryptosporidium sp. was performed using RFLP with the enzymes SspI and VspI. DNA samples were sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. The results showed C. baileyi infecting two ducks and one quail and C. melagridis infecting one chicken. The sequences obtained from Cryptosporidium sp. infecting guinea pigs were not identified within groups of known Cryptosporidium species. The isolates found parasitizing cats and one dog were diagnosed as C. felis and C. canis, respectively. One isolate of calf origin was identified as C. parvum. The phylogenetic analysis showed clear distribution of isolates between two Cryptosporidium sp. groups according to their gastric or intestinal parasitism. A great genetic distance was observed between C. felis and C. canis from Brazil when compared to the reference sequences obtained from GenBank. The results obtained during this study constitute the first report of rDNA sequences from C. baileyi, C. meleagridis, C. felis, C. canis and C. parvum isolated in Brazil.