RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Autochthonous (locally acquired) hepatitis E is increasingly recognised in developed countries, and is thought to be a porcine zoonosis. A range of extra-hepatic manifestations of hepatitis E infection have been described, but have never been systematically studied. AIM: To report the extra-hepatic manifestations of hepatitis E virus. METHODS: Retrospective review of data of 106 cases of autochthonous hepatitis E (acute n = 105, chronic n = 1). RESULTS: Eight (7.5%) cases presented with neurological syndromes, which included brachial neuritis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, peripheral neuropathy, neuromyopathy and vestibular neuritis. Patients with neurological syndromes were younger (median age 40 years, range 34-92 years, P = 0.048) and had a more modest transaminitis (median ALT 471 IU/L, P = 0.015) compared to cases without neurological symptoms [median age 64 years (range 18-88 years), median ALT 1135 IU/L]. One patient presented with a cardiac arrhythmia,twelve patients (11.3%) presented with thrombocytopenia, fourteen (13.2%) with lymphocytosis and eight (7.5%) with a lymphopenia, none of which had any clinical consequence. Serum electrophoresis was performed in 65 patients at presentation, of whom 17 (26%) had a monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance. Two cases developed haematological malignancies, acute myeloid leukaemia and duodenal plasmacytoma, 18 and 36 months after presenting with acute hepatitis E infection. CONCLUSIONS: A range of extra-hepatic manifestations can occur with hepatitis E. Neurological and haematological features of hepatitis E infection are relatively frequent in this UK cohort, and result in significant morbidity which warrants further study.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Hematológicas/epidemiología , Hepatitis E/epidemiología , Hepatitis E/patología , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Comorbilidad , Inglaterra/epidemiología , Femenino , Genotipo , Hepatitis E/fisiopatología , Hepatitis E/psicología , Virus de la Hepatitis E/genética , Virus de la Hepatitis E/patogenicidad , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Estudios Retrospectivos , Evaluación de Síntomas/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The specific polysaccharide antigen of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 35A was shown, by a combination of one- and two-dimensional NMR methods and chemical analyses, to be a high-molecular-mass polymer composed of D-galactose, D-glucose, mannitol, and phosphate (3:1:1:1). The pentasaccharide repeating unit is polymerized through phosphate diester linkages to give the structure, [formula in text] O-Acetyl substituents are present at positions 5 and 6 of the 3)-beta-D-Galf residue and at position 2 of the 6)-beta-D-Galf residue. The capsular polysaccharides of S. pneumoniae serotypes 20 and 35A both contain the disaccharide unit -->3)-beta-D-Galf-(1-->3)-beta-D-Glcp-(1--> which is the probable structural determinant responsible for the serological cross reactivity of the two polysaccharides.
Asunto(s)
Cápsulas Bacterianas/inmunología , Polisacáridos Bacterianos/inmunología , Streptococcus pneumoniae/inmunología , Cápsulas Bacterianas/química , Conformación de Carbohidratos , Secuencia de Carbohidratos , Reacciones Cruzadas , Disacáridos/análisis , Disacáridos/inmunología , Epítopos/análisis , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Metilación , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Oligosacáridos/análisis , Oligosacáridos/inmunología , Polisacáridos Bacterianos/química , Serotipificación , Streptococcus pneumoniae/clasificaciónRESUMEN
The O antigen of the lipopolysaccharide of Burkholderia cepacia serotype E (O2) was shown by a combination of methylation analysis, partial hydrolysis, NMR, and mass spectrometric methods to be a high molecular weight polysaccharide composed of two different trisaccharide repeating units in the ratio 2:1. The major trisaccharide component is composed of two alpha-D-mannopyranosyl and one beta-D-galactopyranosyl residues with the structure, [-->2)-alpha-D-Man p-(1-->2)-alpha-D-Man p-(1-->4)-beta-D-Gal p-(1-->]n The minor trisaccharide component is a D-mannan composed of two alpha- and one beta-D-mannopyranosyl residues with the structure, [-->2)-alpha-D-Man p-(1-->2)-alpha-D-Man p-(1-->3)-beta-D-Man p-(1-->]n
Asunto(s)
Antígenos O/química , Pseudomonas/química , Trisacáridos/química , Conformación de Carbohidratos , Secuencia de Carbohidratos , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Metilación , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Estructura Molecular , Pseudomonas/clasificación , SerotipificaciónRESUMEN
The O antigen obtained from the lipopolysaccharide of Yersinia ruckeri serotype 01, by mild acid hydrolysis, is composed of a branched tetrasaccharide repeating unit containing 2-acetamidino-2,6-dideoxy-L-galactose (L-FucAm), 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose (D-GlcNAc), and 7-acetamido-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-5-(4-hydroxybutyramido)-D-glycero-L -galacto- nonulosonic acid (L-Sug). Partial hydrolysis of the O antigen with 0.1 M HClafforded a trisaccharide and a tetrasaccharide having nonulosonic acid at their reducing ends. Cleavage of the O antigen with anhydrous methanolic hydrogen fluoride afforded the methyl glycoside derivatives of a trisaccharide and a tetrasaccharide. 1H and 13C NMR analysis, including 1H-13C heteronuclear multiple bond correlation spectroscopy to locate the N-acyl substituents, together with mass spectrometric analysis of the above oligosaccharides, allowed the structure of the O-specific polysaccharide to be assigned as: [formula: see text].
Asunto(s)
Lipopolisacáridos/química , Oligosacáridos/química , Polisacáridos Bacterianos/química , Yersinia/química , Secuencia de Carbohidratos , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Antígenos O , Análisis de Secuencia , Serotipificación , Espectrometría de Masa Bombardeada por Átomos Veloces , Yersinia/clasificaciónRESUMEN
The O-antigenic polysaccharides of the lipopolysaccharides produced by three isolates of Pseudomonas cepacia serogroup A were analysed by composition, methylation, periodate oxidation, and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance methods. They were found to be identical linear unbranched polymers of a repeating trisaccharide unit containing 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactose and L-rhamnose residues (2:1) and have the structure [-->3)-alpha-D-GalpNAc-(1-->3)-beta-D-GalpNAc-(1-->4)-alpha-L-Rhap -(1-->]n.
Asunto(s)
Lipopolisacáridos/química , Polisacáridos Bacterianos/química , Pseudomonas/inmunología , Conformación de Carbohidratos , Secuencia de Carbohidratos , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Metilación , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Antígenos O , Oxidación-Reducción , Secuencias Repetitivas de Ácidos NucleicosRESUMEN
The capsular antigen of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 11 was characterized by one-dimensional high-field nuclear magnetic resonance methods and chemical analyses, as a teichoic-acid-type polymer composed of a repeating unit with the structure [see text].
Asunto(s)
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae/inmunología , Cápsulas Bacterianas/química , Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae/química , Cápsulas Bacterianas/aislamiento & purificación , Secuencia de Carbohidratos , Cromatografía en Gel , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Metilación , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , PolímerosRESUMEN
The specific capsular antigen of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 9 was characterized by one-dimensional and two-dimensional high-field nuclear-magnetic-resonance methods, and by chemical analyses, as a teichoic-acid-type polymer of a repeating unit having the structure [formula: see text] The basic polymer structure is identical to capsular antigens of Neisseria meningitidis group H, Escherichia coli K62 (K2ab) and Pasteurella haemolytica serotype T15.
Asunto(s)
Actinobacillus/inmunología , Antígenos Bacterianos/química , Escherichia coli/inmunología , Mannheimia haemolytica/inmunología , Neisseria meningitidis/inmunología , Reacciones Cruzadas , Inmunodifusión , Espectroscopía de Resonancia MagnéticaRESUMEN
A total of 277 patients with apparently localised prostatic cancer (T2-T4 NXMO) were allocated at random to receive radiotherapy alone (88), orchiectomy alone (90) and combined therapy (99) between 1980 and 1985. The main outcome measures were survival, time to appearance of metastases and treatment of local disease progression by further transurethral resection. Orchiectomy, whether alone or with radiotherapy, produced a significant delay in detection of metastases when compared with radiotherapy alone. There were no statistically significant differences between the 3 treatment groups in local disease control or in overall survival.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Próstata/radioterapia , Neoplasias de la Próstata/cirugía , Terapia Combinada , Humanos , Masculino , Orquiectomía/efectos adversos , Orquiectomía/mortalidad , Próstata/cirugía , Neoplasias de la Próstata/mortalidad , Radioterapia/efectos adversos , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
The antigenic lipopolysaccharide O polysaccharides of capsular serotypes 9 and 11 were examined by chemical, immunological, and nuclear magnetic resonance methods. Immunodiffusion tests carried out on these O antigens indicated that both contained common epitopes which were also shared by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 1. Chemical analysis and high-field nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that the O antigens of serotypes 9 and 11 were high-molecular-weight polymers consisting of a backbone of repeating trisaccharide units composed of alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl and alpha-D-glucopyranosyl residues (2:1). One of the alpha-L-rhamnose units forms a branch point and is stoichiometrically substituted with terminal 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucose residues in the serotype 11 O polysaccharide, but only to the extent of 25% in the serotype 9 O polysaccharide. Thus, the serotype 9 O polysaccharide contains two different repeating units: a tetrasaccharide unit with the same structure as that of the serotype 11 O polysaccharide and a trisaccharide unit: [formula: see text] where R = beta-D-GlcpNAc for serotype 1 and 11 O polysaccharides, and R = H (75%) and R = beta-D-GlcpNAc (25%) for serotype 9. The structure of the previously determined serotype 1 O polysaccharide (E. Altman, J.-R. Brisson, and M. B. Perry, Biochem. Cell. Biol. 64:17-25, 1986) is identical to that of the serotype 11 O polysaccharide. We propose a more complete serotyping scheme for A. pleuropneumoniae which includes designation of both the capsular (K) and O antigens.
Asunto(s)
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae/inmunología , Polisacáridos Bacterianos/análisis , Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae/clasificación , Secuencia de Carbohidratos , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida , Epítopos/inmunología , Inmunodifusión , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Metilación , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Antígenos O , Polisacáridos Bacterianos/inmunología , SerotipificaciónRESUMEN
Proteus mirabilis 2573 (ATCC 49565) produces an acidic capsular polysaccharide which was shown from glycose analysis, carboxyl reduction, methylation, periodate oxidation, and the application of one dimensional and two-dimensional high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance techniques to be a high-molecular-weight polymer of branched trisaccharide units composed of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose (N-acetyl-D-glucosamine), 2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-L-galactose (N-acetyl-L-fucosamine), and D-glucuronic acid, having the structure: [formula: see text] P. mirabilis 2573 also produces an O:6 serotype lipopolysaccharide in which the O-chain component has the same structure as the homologous capsular polysaccharide. This is the first report of a defined capsular polysaccharide in this bacterial genus.
Asunto(s)
Polisacáridos Bacterianos/química , Proteus mirabilis/ultraestructura , Secuencia de Carbohidratos , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Metilación , Datos de Secuencia MolecularRESUMEN
The capsular polysaccharide of A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 10 was found to be composed of a linear disaccharide repeating unit. By use of methylation analysis, partial hydrolysis, g.l.c.--and f.a.b.- m.s., and 1D and 2D n.m.r. studies, the polysaccharide was determined to be a polymer of a repeating disaccharide unit composed of D-mannose and 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid (Kdo) having the structure: [formula; see text]
Asunto(s)
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae/química , Cápsulas Bacterianas/química , Polisacáridos Bacterianos/química , Secuencia de Carbohidratos , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Metilación , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Polisacáridos Bacterianos/aislamiento & purificación , Serotipificación , Soluciones/químicaRESUMEN
The capsular polysaccharide of A. pleuropneumoniae is composed of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose (3 parts) and phosphate (1 part). The arrangement of these components in the repeating unit was determined by dephosphorylation, methylation, g.l.c.-m.x., and 1D and 2D n.m.r. spectroscopic methods. The polysaccharide was found to be a high molecular weight polymer of repeating trisaccharide units, joined through phosphate diester linkages, having the structure, (formula: see text).
Asunto(s)
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae/química , Cápsulas Bacterianas/química , Secuencia de Carbohidratos , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Estructura Molecular , FosforilaciónRESUMEN
The structure of the O-antigen polysaccharide of A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 7 was investigated by methylation analysis, partial acid hydrolysis, periodate oxidation, and 1H- and 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy. The polysaccharide repeating-unit consists of a branched tetrasaccharide having the following structure. [formula: see text]
Asunto(s)
Actinobacillus/análisis , Antígenos Bacterianos/química , Lipopolisacáridos/química , Actinobacillus/clasificación , Actinobacillus/inmunología , Conformación de Carbohidratos , Secuencia de Carbohidratos , Lipopolisacáridos/inmunología , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Estructura Molecular , Antígenos O , SerotipificaciónRESUMEN
The structure of the capsular polysaccharide antigen of A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 7 was determined using 1D- and 2D-n.m.r. methods. Dephosphorylation, methylation, and g.l.c.-mass spectrometry methods were used to confirm the analysis. The type-7 specific polysaccharide was a high-molecular-weight teichoic acid-type polymer of D-galactose, glycerol, and phosphate (2:1:1), composed of glycosylglycerol repeating units joined through monophosphate diester linkages and with the structure: [formula: see text]
Asunto(s)
Actinobacillus/análisis , Polisacáridos Bacterianos/química , Actinobacillus/clasificación , Actinobacillus/inmunología , Antígenos Bacterianos/química , Cápsulas Bacterianas , Conformación de Carbohidratos , Secuencia de Carbohidratos , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Estructura Molecular , Polisacáridos Bacterianos/inmunología , SerotipificaciónRESUMEN
The structure of the capsular antigen of E. coli K49 and the oligosaccharides derived from it by partial acid hydrolysis were studied by 1D- and 2D-n.m.r. spectroscopy, g.l.c.-c.i.-mass spectrometry, and methylation analysis. The K49 polysaccharide consists of the repeating unit----4)-beta-D-GlcpA-(1----6)-beta-D-Galp-(1----6)-beta-D-Glcp- (1----3)-beta - D-GalpNAc-(1----. The glucuronic acid residues are substituted, in the apparent molar ratio of 4:1, with L-threonine and L-serine linked amidically to the carboxyl group.
Asunto(s)
Polisacáridos Bacterianos/química , Antígenos Bacterianos/química , Cápsulas Bacterianas , Secuencia de Carbohidratos , Escherichia coli/análisis , Escherichia coli/inmunología , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Polisacáridos Bacterianos/inmunologíaRESUMEN
The structure of the capsular antigen of E. coli K26 has been found by a combination of chemical and spectroscopic techniques to be of the "5 + 1" type shown. An important step was the simultaneous separation and identification of a mixture of neutral and acidic oligosaccharides by g.l.c.-c.i.-m.s. [formula: see text]