Diabetes mellitus and outcomes of lower extremity revascularization for peripheral artery disease.

AIMS: The impact of diabetes mellitus (DM) on outcomes of lower extremity revascularization (LER) for peripheral artery disease (PAD) is uncertain. We characterized associations between DM and post-procedural outcomes in PAD patients undergoing LER. METHODS AND RESULTS: Adults undergoing surgical or endovascular LER were identified from the 2014 Nationwide Readmissions Database. DM was defined by ICD-9 diagnosis codes and sub-classified based on the presence or absence of complications (poor glycaemic control or end-organ damage). Major adverse cardiovascular and limb events (MACLEs) were defined as the composite of death, myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, or major limb amputation during the index hospitalization for LER. For survivors, all-cause 6-month hospital readmission was determined. Among 39 441 patients with PAD hospitalized for LER, 50.8% had DM. The composite of MACLE after LER was not different in patients with and without DM after covariate adjustment, but patients with DM were more likely to require major limb amputation [5.5% vs. 3.2%, P < 0.001; adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-1.44] and hospital readmission (59.2% vs. 41.3%, P < 0.001; aOR 1.44, 95% CI 1.34-1.55). Of 20 039 patients with DM hospitalized for LER, 55.7% had DM with complications. These patients were more likely to have MACLE after LER (11.1% vs. 5.2%, P < 0.001; aOR 1.56 95% CI 1.28-1.89) and require hospital readmission (61.1% vs. 47.2%, P < 0.001; aOR 1.41 95% CI 1.27-1.57) than patients with uncomplicated DM. CONCLUSIONS: DM is present in ≈50% of patients undergoing LER for PAD and is an independent risk factor for major limb amputation and 6-month hospital readmission.

Chronic kidney disease and outcomes of lower extremity revascularization for peripheral artery disease.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Renal disease is a risk factor for peripheral artery disease (PAD), yet its impact on outcomes after lower extremity (LE) revascularization is not well established. We aimed to characterize the association between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and/or end stage renal disease (ESRD) and post-procedural outcomes in PAD patients undergoing LE revascularization in the United States. METHODS: Adults age ≥18 years undergoing surgical or endovascular LE revascularization for PAD with and without CKD or ESRD were identified from the 2014 Nationwide Readmissions Database. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), defined as a composite of death, myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke, were identified for patients with and without renal disease. All-cause hospital readmissions within 6 months of discharge were determined for all survivors. RESULTS: Among 39,441 patients with PAD hospitalized for LE revascularization, 10,530 had renal disease (26.7%), of whom 69% had CKD without ESRD and 31% had ESRD. Patients with renal disease were more likely to have MACE after LE revascularization (5.2% vs. 2.5%; adjusted OR [aOR] 1.74, 95% CI 1.40-2.16), require LE amputation (26.1% vs. 12.2%; aOR 1.33, 95% CI 1.19-1.50), and require hospital readmission within 6 months (61.0% vs. 43.6%; adjusted HR [aHR] 1.38, 95% CI 1.28-1.48) compared to those without renal disease. CONCLUSIONS: Renal disease is common among patients undergoing LE revascularization for PAD and was independently associated with in-hospital MACE, LE amputation, and hospital readmission within 6 months. Additional efforts to improve outcomes of patients with renal disease and PAD requiring LE revascularization are necessary.

The incidence of revision adenoidectomy: A comparison of four surgical techniques over a 10-year period.

Approximately 130,000 adenoidectomies are performed each year in the United States. Few studies have examined adenoid regrowth and the incidence of revision surgery or have compared four different surgical instruments commonly used for adenoid surgery within the same institution. This study aimed to determine the incidence of revision adenoidectomy after the use of microdebrider, Coblation, suction cautery, and curette instruments over a 10-year period at a single major tertiary children's center in the United States. A retrospective chart review was performed for all patients who underwent primary and/or revision adenoidectomy at the Children's Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA) between August 2004 and August 2014. During the 10-year study period, a microdebrider was used in 212 cases, Coblation in 382, suction cautery in 1,926, and curette in 3,139 adenoidectomies. The percentages of revision adenoidectomy were 1.42% (3 patients) for microdebrider, 0.79% (3 patients) for Coblation, 0.36% (7 patients) for suction cautery, and 0.03% (1 patient) for curette. The cumulative incidence of revision adenoidectomy for initial surgeries performed at CHLA was 0.2% for the 10-year study period. Pearson chi-square analysis showed statistically significant differences between the surgical techniques (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, regrowth of adenoid tissue requiring revision surgery occurs very infrequently irrespective of the instrument used for the primary procedure, and the most common indication for revision adenoidectomy is to improve eustachian tube dysfunction rather than nasal obstruction due to adenoid hypertrophy.

Use of Octreotide for the Management of Chyle Fistula Following Neck Dissection.

IMPORTANCE: Chyle fistula is an uncommon complication of neck surgery. A variety of management strategies have been described, including diet restriction, parenteral nutrition, use of pressure dressings, and revision surgery. Octreotide has been used with success in patients with neck and thoracic chyle fistulas, but data regarding efficacy in neck chyle fistulas are lacking. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of octreotide for use in patients with postoperative chyle fistulas. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Retrospective review of 12 patients who received octreotide for neck chylous fistula after neck dissection was performed during the period 2004 through 2014 at 2 tertiary care academic hospitals. EXPOSURES: Patients with postoperative neck chyle fistulas were given a restricted diet and subcutaneous octreotide. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The main outcome was fistula closure rate, defined as fistula resolution without surgical intervention. Secondary outcomes of fistula duration (days from detection until resolution), length of hospital stay (surgery to discharge), and treatment complications were also examined. RESULTS: All 12 patients had resolution of their neck chyle fistula with octreotide therapy without need for revision surgery. Mean (SD) hospital stay was 8.7 (4.76) days, with a range of 3 to 18 days. The chyle fistula resolved after a mean (range) 5.5 (2-11) days. Self-resolving nausea was encountered in 1 patient from octreotide use, and 1 patient developed a salivary fistula as a result of the chylous fistula. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In these patients, octreotide was safe and effective in resolving neck chylous fistulas. Octreotide therapy appears superior to traditional conservative measures of diet restriction and pressure dressings when compared with literature rates. A prospective study is needed to confirm results, but octreotide therapy should be considered as first-line conservative management for neck chyle fistulas that occur after neck surgery.