Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics of Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) in children caused by RPL5 gene mutation, thus improving the understanding of the etiology of DBA.Methods:The clinical data and sequencing results of a child with DBA caused by RPL5 gene mutation treated in the Children′s Hospital of Fudan University were analyzed.In addition, through literature review of reported DBA cases at domestic and home, summarized the clinical features of DBA.Results:The patient was an 8-year-old male child.Bone marrow puncture examination of the child showed DBA, and a heterozygous mutation of RPL5 gene c. 657C>G, p.Y219X was identified for the first time in the DBA case.A total of 47 cases of DBA were retrieved from the online databases plus the one reported in this study (48 cases in total), and their clinical features were summarized as follows: the incidence of DBA was similar in men and women.The number of DBA patients in Asia was lower than that in Europe and the United States.DBA was mainly a sporadic disease.Among the exon mutations in European and American cases of DBA, 43.0% of them had mutations in Exon3.The malformation rate of DBA patients with RPL5 mutation was 81.3% (39/48 cases, excluding short stature cases), which was higher than that of patients with other mutation types.The response rate of glucocorticoid therapy for DBA was 46.0%, which was lower than that of the overall response rate.Conclusions:chr1: 93303142(c.657 C>G, p.Y219X) is a newly detected mutation of RPL5 gene in the DBA case, which expands the pathogenic gene spectrum of DBA.Patients with RPL5 mutation have higher rates of teratogenicity and multiple teratogenicity, and a lower response rate to hormone therapy.
