Phantom study of a fully automatic radioactive seed placement robot for the treatment of skull base tumours.

BACKGROUND: Interstitial brachytherapy is a form of intensive local irradiation that facilitates the effective protection of surrounding structures and the preservation of organ functions, resulting in a favourable therapeutic response. As surgical robots can perform needle placement with a high level of accuracy, our team developed a fully automatic radioactive seed placement robot, and this study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and feasibility of fully automatic radioactive seed placement for the treatment of tumours in the skull base. METHODS: A fully automatic radioactive seed placement robot was established, and 4 phantoms of skull base tumours were built for experimental validation. All the phantoms were subjected to computed tomography (CT) scans. Then, the CT data were imported into the Remebot software to design the preoperative seed placement plan. After the phantoms were fixed in place, navigation registration of the Remebot was carried out, and the automatic seed placement device was controlled to complete the needle insertion and particle placement operations. After all of the seeds were implanted in the 4 phantoms, postoperative image scanning was performed, and the results were verified via image fusion. RESULTS: A total of 120 seeds were implanted in 4 phantoms. The average error of seed placement was (2.51 ± 1.44) mm. CONCLUSION: This study presents an innovative, fully automated radioactive particle implantation system utilizing the Remebot device, which can successfully complete automated localization, needle insertion, and radioactive particle implantation procedures for skull base tumours. The phantom experiments showed the robotic system to be reliable, stable, efficient and safe. However, further research on the needle-soft tissue interaction and deformation mechanism of needle puncture is still needed.

Elevated TGFß signaling contributes to cerebral small vessel disease in mouse models of Gould syndrome.

Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a leading cause of stroke and vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. Studying monogenic CSVD can reveal pathways that are dysregulated in common sporadic forms of the disease and may represent therapeutic targets. Mutations in collagen type IV alpha 1 (COL4A1) and alpha 2 (COL4A2) cause highly penetrant CSVD as part of a multisystem disorder referred to as Gould syndrome. COL4A1 and COL4A2 form heterotrimers [a1α1α2(IV)] that are fundamental constituents of basement membranes. However, their functions are poorly understood and the mechanism(s) by which COL4A1 and COL4A2 mutations cause CSVD are unknown. We used histological, molecular, genetic, pharmacological, and in vivo imaging approaches to characterize central nervous system (CNS) vascular pathologies in Col4a1 mutant mouse models of monogenic CSVD to provide insight into underlying pathogenic mechanisms. We describe developmental CNS angiogenesis abnormalities characterized by impaired retinal vascular outgrowth and patterning, increased numbers of mural cells with abnormal morphologies, altered contractile protein expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and age-related loss of arteriolar VSMCs in Col4a1 mutant mice. Importantly, we identified elevated TGFß signaling as a pathogenic consequence of Col4a1 mutations and show that genetically suppressing TGFß signaling ameliorated CNS vascular pathologies, including partial rescue of retinal vascular patterning defects, prevention of VSMC loss, and significant reduction of intracerebral hemorrhages in Col4a1 mutant mice aged up to 8 months. This study identifies a novel biological role for collagen α1α1α2(IV) as a regulator of TGFß signaling and demonstrates that elevated TGFß signaling contributes to CNS vascular pathologies caused by Col4a1 mutations. Our findings suggest that pharmacologically suppressing TGFß signaling could reduce the severity of CSVD, and potentially other manifestations associated with Gould syndrome and have important translational implications that could extend to idiopathic forms of CSVD.

Effects of shift work on adipokines, inflammatory factors, and insulin sensitivity in non-overweight/obese women / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective:To observe the effect of shift work on the stability of the circadian clock and insulin sensitivity in non-overweight/obese individuals with normal blood glucose, and explore underlying connection.Methods:Female shift working nurses in the Department of Blood Transplantation and non-shift working nurses in the Health Management Center in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were divided into shift worker group (SW group) and non-shift worker group (NSW group). Serum inflammatory factors [interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)], adipokines (adiponectin, leptin, chemerin, visfatin), and melatonin levels were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Realtime fluorescence quantitative PCR was performed to detect peripheral blood circadian clock genes circadian locomotor output cycles protein kaput(Clock) and brain and muscle ARNT-like protein 1(Bmal1). Cortisol and fasting insulin were measured by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay, and HbA 1C was measured by capillary electrophoresis. In addition, visceral fat area (VFA) was assessed with bioelectrical impedance analyzer, and mid-sleep time composite phase deviations (CPD) was calculated based on the International Physical Activity Short Questionnaire. Results:SW group had lower serum level of melatonin ( P=0.023) and higher cortisol ( P=0.001) than the NSW group, and altered mRNA expression of Clock and Bmal1 ( P=0.034, P=0.047). Fasting blood glucose and HbA 1C in the SW group, although in the normal range, had been higher than in the NSW group ( P=0.011, P=0.033). Although body mass index was normal in SW group, VFA had been higher than that of the NSW group ( P=0.010). And homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), IL-6, TNF-α, leptin, chemerin, and visfatin were significantly higher in the SW group than NSW group ( P=0.033, P=0.012, P=0.001, P=0.011, P=0.021, P=0.007). In addition, adjusting for body mass index and activity factors revealed a significant positive correlation between CPD and VFA ( r=0.434, P=0.049), inflammatory factors IL-6 ( r=0.514, P=0.017) and TNF-α ( r=0.700, P<0.001) and pro-inflammatory adipokines leptin ( r=0.473, P=0.030), chemerin ( r=0.439, P=0.047), visfatin ( r=0.521, P=0.015). Conclusion:Shift work can affect circadian clock, with increased visceral adiposity, pro-inflammatory adipokines, inflammatory factors and decreased insulin sensitivity in women without overweight/obese.

Application of micro-lecture based on virtual reality technology in the standardized residency training in department of orthopedics / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the application effect of micro-lecture based on virtual reality technology on the standardized residency training in the department of orthopedics.Methods:A total of 40 trainees who received standardized residency training in department of orthopedics from December 2019 to August 2020 were selected and randomly divided into control group and experimental group, with 20 cases in each group. For the same orthopedic teaching content, the control group received the conventional training, and the experimental group received micro-lecture teaching based on digital virtual reality technology. And the teaching effect of the two groups and the feedback of the trainees on the teaching were compared. SPSS 22.0 was used for t test. Results:Compared with the students in the control group, the trainees in the experimental group had better performance in theoretical knowledge, comprehension of surgery, and clinical skills, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the trainees in the experimental group scored higher in satisfaction with class interest [(9.69±0.28) vs. (9.24±0.42)] and participation [(4.38±0.43) vs. (4.03±0.62)], with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). Conclusion:For the standardized residency training in the department of orthopedics, micro-lecture teaching based on virtual reality technology is more conducive to improving students' academic performance and clinical skills compared with traditional teaching, and increasing the interest and participation of students in the process of standardized residency training.

The observation and nursing care of a patient with extensive degloving injuries complicated infection after skin grafting / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:Report the nursing process of a patient with extensive degloving injuries who accept repeatedly replanted in the partial necrosis area after skin grafting merge wound infection.Methods:The main points: after patient admitted to hospital initiate first aid treatment and prepare the surgery; manage the blood volume, prevention and monitoring of wound infection at early postoperative; and positive nutrition support and avoid defecate contaminated wounds, early activity and rehabilitation at late postoperative phases.Results:Under careful treatment and care, after three months, all the skin grafts survived and scar healing.Conclusions:On the basis of life support system and skin grafting, taking positive measures to control the wound infection and promote skin survival, had played an important role in the treatment of this case.

A new multimodal, image-guided, robot-assisted, interstitial brachytherapy for the treatment of head and neck tumors-A preliminary study.

BACKGROUND: Interstitial brachytherapy (BT) is becoming an accepted treatment option for head and neck cancer patients for whom surgery poses high risks. Multimodal, image-guided, robotic surgery has the potential to allow precise seed implantation into tumors. Our aim was to introduce a new multimodal, image-guided surgical robot during the performance of interstitial BT for the treatment of tumors in the head and neck regions. METHODS: Clinical data for three patients were analyzed, retrospectively; patients had received 125 I seed implantations from July 2019 to October 2019. Multimodal, image-guided, robotic surgery was performed in all patients. Postoperative computed tomography data were imported to software to evaluate the accuracy of the seed position and the operation times. RESULTS: The mean placement error of the 125 I seed was 1.9 ± 0.74 mm. The mean operation time is 47 minutes. CONCLUSION: The experimental results showed that the Remebot has promise for use during BT for the head and neck.

Research Progress of Butyrate-producing Bacteria in Regulating Intestinal Microecology and Interventional Effect of Chinese Herbal Medicine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Butyrate-producing bacteria are specific intestinal bacteria with butyrate as the main metabolite, and most of them are Firmicutes.Butyrate-producing bacteria can synthesize butyrate with non-digestible carbohydrates in the diet, and then regulate intestinal microecology and microenvironment, thereby supplying energy to intestinal epithelial cells, affecting intestinal mucosal barrier, adjusting intestinal flora structure and regulating host immunity, so as to alleviate obesity, hypertension and other diseases.Therefore, the targeted regulation of butyrate-producing bacteria and butyrate has become a potential vital method for the prevention and treatment of many diseases.After oral administration, Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) enters the body, and first contacts gastrointestinal tract, so the interaction between CHM and microbiota existing in the intestine is an inevitable important process.It has been confirmed that CHM could regulate intestinal flora; and due to its complex composition and numerous components, CHM can exert interventional effects at multiple levels, in multiple pathways and on multiple targets.Its effect on the butyrate-producing bacteria is as follows.In the intestinal tract, CHM can play a " prebiotic" role, and enrich the beneficial butyrate-producing bacteria, and polysaccharides in CHM can be used as a fermentation substrate to promote the synthesis of butyrate, so as to achieve the effective regulation of butyrate-producing bacteria and butyrate.Based on that, this paper explored the relationship among butyrate-producing bacteria, butyrate and intestinal microecology, and reviewed relevant researches about the intervention of CHM on butyrate-producing bacteria to regulate intestinal microecology in recent years, in order to provide new research ideas for the application of CHM to prevent and treat diseases, as well as drug development.

Standardized training of orthopedics residents in China and the United States: experience from the University of Maryland Shock Trauma / 中华医学教育探索杂志

By analyzing the training of resident doctors in the University of Maryland Shock Trauma, this paper compared the similarities and differences of standardized resident training between China and the United States in policy, training base, selection of teaching teachers, selection of training objects, assessment methods and financial subsidies to the students. It can be concluded that standardized resident training of orthopedics in the United States is more purposeful and systematic and pays more attention to the connection between knowledge and clinical practice, skills and operation, and the cultivation of the ability to deal with patients independently. The training of orthopedics residents in the United States began earlier and had more experience than China, which can be an example for the standardized training of orthopedics residents in China.

D-RADA16-RGD-Reinforced Nano-Hydroxyapatite/Polyamide 66 Ternary Biomaterial for Bone Formation

BACKGROUND: Nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 (nHA/PA66) is a composite used widely in the repair of bone defects. However, this material is insufficient bioactivity. In contrast, D-RADA16-RGD self-assembling peptide (D-RADA16-RGD sequence containing all D-amino acids is Ac-RADARADARADARADARGDS-CONH2) shows admirable bioactivity for both cell culture and bone regeneration. Here, we describe the fabrication of a favorable biomaterial material (nHA/PA66/D-RADA16-RGD). METHODS: Proteinase K and circular dichroism spectroscopy were employed to test the stability and secondary structural properties of peptide D-RADA16-RGD respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the surface of these materials. Confocal laser scanning (CLS), cell counting kit-8 tests (CCK-8), alizarin red S staining, cell immunofluorescence analysis and Western blotting were involved in vitro. Also biosafety and bioactivity of them have been evaluated in vivo. RESULTS: Proteinase K and circular dichroism spectroscopy demonstrated that D-RADA16-RGD in nHA/PA66 was able to form stable-sheet secondary structure. SEM and TEM showed that the D-RADA16-RGD material was 7–33 nm in width and 130–600 nm in length, and the interwoven pore size ranged from 40 to 200 nm. CLS suggests that cells in nHA/PA66/D-RADA16-RGD group were linked to adjacent cells with more actin filaments. CCK-8 analysis showed that nHA/PA66/D-RADA16-RGD revealed good biocompatibility. The results of Alizarin-red S staining and Western blotting as well as vivo osteogenesis suggest nHA/PA66/D-RADA16-RGD exhibits better bioactivity. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that our nHA/PA66/D-RADA16-RGD composite exhibits reasonable mechanical properties, biocompatibility and bioactivity with promotion of bone formation.

Operative treatment of delayed acetabular fractures through combined anterior and Kocher-Langenbeck approaches / 中华外科杂志

Objective@#To discuss the clinical outcomes of treating delayed acetabular fractures by combined anterior and posterior approach.@*Methods@#A retrospective analysis was conducted of 31 delayed acetabular fractures from February 2012 to February 2017 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, including 18 males and 13 females with age of 48.5 years(23 to 67 years) .The injury to the operation time was 35.9 days(22 to 183 days). Of these 31 cases, there were 6 cases of transverse and posterior wall fracture, 8 cases with anterior column+ posterior half transverse fracture, 12 cases with double column fracture and 5 cases of "T" type fracture according to Letournel-Judet classification.All fractures were treated combined anterior and Kocher-Langenbeck approaches, including 13 cases of ilioinguinal approach+ Kocher-Langenbeck(K-L approach), 4 cases of extensile acetabular approach, 7 cases of stoppa approach + K-L approach and 7 cases of side rectus femoris approach.Correlation was analyzed by Pearson correlation regression testing.@*Results@#Follow up to August 2017, all patients were followed up with 36.0 months(from 6 to 55 months). As calculated, the restorational effect was positively with result of the X-ray film and the clinical effect(r=0.823, 0.856; both P<0.05). The evaluation was conducted with Matta′s reduction criteria: there were 11 cases classified as anatomic reduction(35.5%), 13 cases as satisfactory reduction(41.9%), and 7 cases as unsatisfactory reduction(22.6%). Excellent and good rate was 77.4%. Functional reductions were categorized by the standard of Matta hip score: 8 excellent cases(25.8%), 11 good cases(35.5%), 8 fail cases(25.8%), and 4 poor cases(12.9%).@*Conclusion@#The treatment of delayed acetabular fracture by combined anterior and posterior approach can fully exposure the anterior and posterior acetabular fcloumns, which is beneficial to the release and fixation of the old acetabular fractures.

Pyrimidinyl Biphenylureas: Identification of New Lead Compounds as Allosteric Modulators of the Cannabinoid Receptor CB1.

The allosteric modulator 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(3-(6-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)phenyl)urea (PSNCBAM-1, 2) bound the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and antagonized G protein coupling. This compound demonstrated potent anorectic effects similar to the CB1 antagonist rimonabant that once was marketed for the treatment of obesity, suggesting a new chemical entity for the discovery of antiobesity drugs. To increase structural diversity of this class of CB1 ligands, we designed and synthesized two classes of novel analogues, in which the pyridine ring of 2 was replaced by a pyrimidine ring. These positively modulate the binding of the CB1 orthosteric agonist CP55,940 while exhibiting an antagonism of G-protein coupling activity. Interestingly, compounds 7d and 8d demonstrated ERK1/2 phosphorylation mediated via ß-arrestin unlike the orthosteric CP55,940 that does so in a G protein-dependent manner. These can serve as new lead compounds for the future development of CB1 allosteric modulators that show biased agonism and potentially antiobesity behavior via a new mechanism.

Pingyangmycin Pretreatment Influences the Biological Behavior of Ocular Venous Malformation and Relates with Galectin-3 Expression / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Galectin-3 (Gal-3) plays a role in the mechanisms underlying ocular venous malformation. We conducted this study to investigate the effect of pingyangmycin pretreatment on the Gal-3 expressions and biological behavior of ocular venous malformation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Tissue samples were collected from 136 patients with ocular venous malformation. Patients were randomly divided into pingyangmycin (n = 69) and nonpingyangmycin group (n = 67). Patients in the pingyangmycin group received a local injection of 0.02% pingyangmycin once every 2 days for 2 weeks (7 doses) before removal surgery, whereas patients in the nonpingyangmycin group underwent removal surgery without local injection. The protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of Gal-3 were detected by using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Gal-3 protein was expressed in 35 (52%) of 67 samples in the nonpingyangmycin group and in 19 (28%) of 69 samples in the pingyangmycin group (P < 0.05). Gal-3 mRNA expression was detected in 39 (58%) of 67 samples in the nonpingyangmycin group and 22 (32%) of 69 samples in the pingyangmycin group (P < 0.05). The higher Gal-3 expressions were detected in samples with deeper invasiveness than those with superficial invasiveness before (χ2 = 12.720 and 13.369, respectively, both P < 0.05) and after pingyangmycin treatment (χ2 = 8.429 and 4.590, respectively, both P < 0.05). It was more frequently detected in mesh-like lesions with unclear boundary than round lesions with clear boundary before (χ2 = 30.291 and 41.466, respectively, both P < 0.05) and after pingyangmycin treatment (χ2 = 14.619 and 15.130, respectively, both P < 0.05). Pingyangmycin treatment led to a significant difference in Gal-3 expressions at both protein and mRNA levels (χ2 = 8.664 and 9.524, respectively, both P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Gal-3 expression may be involved in the development and invasiveness of ocular venous malformation, and pingyangmycin can inhibit Gal-3 expression, indicating a role of pingyangmycin treatment before the removal of ocular venous malformation.</p>

Domestic Hypertension Study Status and Trend Based on Knowledge Map / 医学信息学杂志

The paper takes hypertension literature on CNKI as its study subject and adopts knowledge map to analyze research institution distribution,team modes and cooperation degrees formed among authors,transformation of study contents over the years,current study hotspots and future emphases for study in domestic hypertension field,giving a full picture of domestic status and trend of hypertension.

Lumbopelvic fixation of vertically unstable Tile type C pelvic fractures combined with complex sacral fractures / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To evaluate the clinical outcomes of lumbopelvic fixation of vertically unstable Tile type C pelvic fractures combined with complex sacral fractures.Methods A prospective study was made on 21 cases of vertically unstable type C pelvic fractures combined with complex sacral fractures admitted between May 2014 and December 2015.There were 10 males and 11 females, with a mean age of 35.9 years (range, 14-59 years).Tile classification of pelvic fractures was type C1 in five cases, type C2 in four and type C3 in 12.Denis classification of sacral fractures was zone I in five cases, zone Ⅱ in seven and zone Ⅲ in nine.Twelve cases had neurological deficits.Operation time, intraoperative blood loss, bone healing time, pelvis vertical displacement and postoperative complications were recorded.Vertical displacement and functional outcome were assessed by Matta method and Majeed score respectively.Results All cases were followed up for (12.5±5.4)months (range, 7-26 months).Operation time was (108.0±49.4) min (range, 64-225 min).Intraoperative blood loss was 150-3 000 ml[400(225-500)ml].All fractures were healed at (19.0±4.6) weeks (range, 15-32 weeks).Vertical displacement of the pelvis was (8.76±5.46)mm (2.54-21.80 mm) before operation and (4.20±3.22)mm (0-12.57 mm) after lumbopelvic fixation (P<0.05), showing the reduction distance of-4.45-17.86 mm [4.09(1.74-5.58)mm].According to the Matta method, the results were excellent in 13 cases, good in six, and fair in two, with the excellent and good rate of 90%.Majeed score evaluation at last follow-up was 51-98 points and the results were excellent in nine cases, good in nine, fair in two and poor in one, with the excellent and good rate of 86%.Deep infection occurred in two cases who were cured by debridement and antibiotics, and the internal instruments of the two cases were removed after fracture healing.Screw loosening occurred in five cases with no evidence of screw breakage.Four cases complained of foreign body sensation and discomfort in sacral area due to the prominence of the iliac hardware.Four cases had limited range of motion of the lumbar spine, especially in anterior flexion range, and lumbar range of motion was recovered in three of them after removal of the internal fixator.Conclusion Lumbopelvic fixation can restore vertical stability of the pelvis, but removal of the internal fixator is suggested after fracture healing due to the high rate of screw loosening.

Complications after lumbopelvic fixation for unstable sacral fractures / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective To analyze treatment strategies for complications following lumbopelvic fixation for unstable sacral fractures.Methods Between May 2014 and December 2015,20 patients diagnosed with unstable sacral fracture were treated by lumbopelvic fixation.They were 9 males and 11 females,with an average age of 35.5 years (range,from 14 to 59 years).According to the Denis classification,5 fractures were type Ⅰ,7 type Ⅱ and 8 type Ⅲ.Complications related to lumbopelvic fixation were recorded and followed up.Results All the patients were followed up for an average of 18 months (range,from 12 to 31 months).All the fractures healed after an average of 19 weeks (range,from 15 to 32 weeks).Early complications included neural injury in 2 cases,incision infection in one and pressure ulcer in 2;late complications included prominence of internal implants in 7 cases,loosening of internal implants in 5,lumbopelvic pain or discomfort in 3,limited motion of lumbar vertebrae in 4,limb discrepancy in 3 and rotation deformity of lower limb in one.Conclusions Complications related to wound and internal implants are common following lumbopelvic fixation for sacral fractures.Careful planning and correct choice of internal fixators are the key to decreasing complications.Internal implants should be removed as soon as a sacral fracture unites to decrease the risk of long-term complications.

Therapeutic Observation of Comprehensive Rehabilitation Therapy for Post-stroke Shoulder-hand Syndrome / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of comprehensive rehabilitation therapy in treating post-stroke shoulder- hand syndrome.Method Sixty patients with post-stroke shoulder-hand syndrome were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 30 cases in each group. The treatment group was intervened by acupuncture plus correct posture, rehabilitation training, wax disc method, and intermediate-frequency medicinal penetration therapy; the control group was only by acupuncture plus correct posture. Before and after intervention, the limb function, pain, swelling degree, and activities of daily life were measured, and the clinical efficacies were compared between the two groups.Result The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group versus 66.7% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). In the treatment group, the indexes (Fugle-Meyer Assessment of upper limb, movement range of shoulder, Global Perceived Effect, Visual Analogue Scale, and swelling score) were significantly changed after intervention (P<0.01). After treatment, the indexes of the treatment group were significantly different from those of the control group (P<0.01).Conclusion Comprehensive rehabilitation therapy can significantly improve pain, swelling, motor function of the affected limb, and activities of daily life in post-stroke shoulder-hand syndrome.

Introduction and lessons from the analysis of the Sino-US orthopedic resident training system / 中华医学教育探索杂志

This paper introduces orthopedic resident training system of America including its devel-opment, certification system, selection system, clinical training mode and investigate system. And we hope to improve orthopedic resident training of China by analyzing the new rule of Chinese standardized resident training and the training experience of Peking Union Medical College Hospital.

Nd(III)-induced rice mitochondrial dysfunction investigated by spectroscopic and microscopic methods.

The production capacity and yield of neodymium (Nd) in China have ranked the first in the world. Because of its unique biophysical and biochemical properties, Nd compounds have entered into the agricultural environment greatly to promote plant growth. Mitochondria play a crucial role in respiration and metabolism during the growth of plants. However, little is known about the mechanism by which Nd act at the mitochondrial level in plant cells. In this study, rice mitochondrial swelling, collapsed transmembrane potential and decreased membrane fluidity were examined to be important factors for mitochondria permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening induced by Nd(III). The protection of cyclosporin A (CsA) and dithiothreitol (DTT) could confirm that Nd(III) could trigger mPTP opening. Additionally, mitochondrial membrane breakdown observed by TEM and the release of cytochrome c (Cyt c) could also elucidate the mPTP opening from another point of view. At last, the study showed that Nd(III) could restrain the mitochondrial membrane lipid peroxide, so it might interact with anionic lipid too. This detection will be conductive to the safe application of Nd compounds in agriculture and food industry.

Treatment of severe cellulitis of the mouth floor:A retrospective study of 41 cases / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To analyze clinical data of 41 patients with severe mouth floor cellulitis.Methods:Patient's gender,age, epidemiological characteristics,origin of inflammation,symptoms of the disease,primary diagnosis,concomitant diseases,complica-tions,clinical diagnosis,the use of antibiotics (type and course),operation and outcomes were reviewed.Results:The male-fe-male ratio of the patients was 2.4∶1 .Age distribution was 1 0 -93 years old(with the mean of 46.23).The cases from urban-rural area was 3∶1 ,1 4.6% of the patients'primary diagnosis was not accurate.Only 31 % of the patients went to doctors in the first 5 days from the beginning of the disease.82.9% of the mouth floor cellulites were odontogenic.35% of the cases were diagnosed to be in-fectious diffusion to parapharyngeal,pterygomandibular spaces or to be complicating with neck infection at first examination.Infec-tion of 7.5% of the cases were spread to mediastinum.All the patients were administered with antibiotics and completed the surgical drainage as early as possible,except 2 transfered to respiratory medicine for mediastinum serious mediastinal and pulmonary infection and 1 to urinary surgery for renal failure.Conclusion:Odontogenic infection is most common for mouth floor cellulitis.Accurate di-agnose,maintenance of airway and initiate suitable antibiotics are rery important for the treatment of severe cellulitis of mouth floor. Prompt surgical drainage and comprehensive treatments are also essential to prevent patients from severe complications.

LPS preconditioning mediate Nrf2 to protect spinal cord injury / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To investigate the neuroprotective effect and possible mechanism on rats with low dose Lipopoly -saccharide ( LPS) preconditioning after spinal cord injury.Methods:120 female SD rats were randomly divided into the empty virus (EV) group,LPS+empty virus (LPS+EV) group,Nrf2 interference virus (NIV) group,LPS+Nrf2 interference virus (LPS+NIV) group.The model of traumatic spinal cord injury ( TSCI) was established by the modified Allen′s method,motor function of the rat hind limb was assessed by the Basso Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) score at 1,3,7,14 and 28 d after the operation.The injured spinal cord tissue samples were harvested at each time ,and the pathological changes of rat spinal cord were observed by HE staining ,the Nissl body and neuron survival index were observed by Nissl staining ,the expressions of Nrf2 and GCLC protein level were detected by immunohis-tochemical staining and Western blot.Results:The rat BBB score of LPS+EV group increased significantly than EV group at 7,14,28 d after operation ( P<0.05 ,P<0.01 );The NIV group between LPS+NIV group have no statistical significance at each time.As compared with EV group:the Nrf2 protein of LPS+EV group was expression increased significantly and Nissl staining showed that the neurons survival index was increased at 1,3 and 7 d(P<0.05,P<0.01);The GCLC protein of LPS+EV group was expression increased significantly at 1-14 d( P<0.05 );HE staining showed that the injured spinal cord pathological changes of LPS +EV group was obviously improved.Conclusion:Low dose lipopolysaccharide preconditioning can accelerate the nerve function recovery on rats with traumatic spinal cord injury ,the mechanism may be regulated by activating the Nrf 2 antioxidant stress pathway.