Propuesta de una versión abreviada de un cuestionario internacional para pesquisar acoso escolar: adaptación al español de Argentina y análisis factorial exploratorio / Proposal for a short version of an international questionnaire to detect bullying: adaptation to Argentine Spanish language and exploratory factor analysis

Introducción. El acoso escolar (bullying) comprende conductas de intimidación, hostigamiento y acoso físico o psicológicoejercidas intencionalmente por un escolar(acosador) contra otro (víctima) en formareiterada. Incluye el maltrato físico y verbal, la exclusión social y el ciberacoso (ciberbullying). Las víctimas incrementan el ausentismo escolar y tienen más riesgo de desarrollar síntomassomáticos, ansiedad, depresión y suicidio. Si bien el cuestionario Adolescent Peer Relations Instrument (APRI) para la pesquisa de acoso escolar (19 ítems) fue validado en España en 2016, no se contaba con una herramienta validadaen Argentina. Objetivo. Obtener una versión abreviadaadaptada al español hablado en Argentina del cuestionario APRI. Población y método. Se realizó una adaptación transcultural al español hablado en Argentina del cuestionario APRI para la pesquisa deacoso escolar en adolescentes y, posteriormente, la reducción de ítems mediante un procesomatemático (análisis factorial exploratorio) y conceptual (comité de expertos). Participaron adolescentes de 13 a 17 años que cursabanestudios secundarios en dos escuelas estatales de la localidad Boulogne Sur Mer en San Isidro, provincia de Buenos Aires. Resultados. Se obtuvo una versión abreviada delcuestionario, conformada por 14 ítems divididosen dos dominios: maltrato físico y victimización verbal y social. Conclusiones. El cuestionario abreviado obtenidotiene equivalencia semántica con la versiónoriginal y cuenta, además, con una adecuada validez aparente y de contenido.

Introduction. Bullying encompasses intentional intimidation, abuse, and physical or psychological harassment behaviors by a student (bully) against another student (victim) repeatedly. It includes physical and verbal abuse, social exclusion, and cyberbullying. Victims miss school more often and have a higher risk for somatic symptoms, anxiety, depression, and suicide. Although the Adolescent Peer Relations Instrument (APRI) is a bullying screening questionnaire (19 items) validated in Spain in 2016, there was no validated instrument available in Argentina. Objective. To obtain a short version adapted to Argentine Spanish of the APRI. Population and method. The APRI, a questionnaire to screen for bullying among adolescents, was cross-culturally adapted to Argentine Spanish language and then questionnaire items were reduced by a mathematical process (exploratory factor analysis) and a conceptual process (expert committee). Participants were adolescents aged 13-17 years who were attending secondary public schools in the city of Boulogne Sur Mer, San Isidro, province of Buenos Aires. Results. A short questionnaire version made up of 14 items divided into 2 dimensions (physical abuse and social and verbal victimization) was obtained. Conclusions. The resulting short questionnaire is semantically equivalent to the original version and also has adequate apparent and content validity.

Proposal for a short version of an international questionnaire to detect bullying: adaptation to Argentine Spanish language and exploratory factor analysis. / Propuesta de una versión abreviada de un cuestionario internacional para pesquisar acoso escolar: adaptación al español de Argentina y análisis factorial exploratorio.

INTRODUCTION: Bullying encompasses intentional intimidation, abuse, and physical or psychological harassment behaviors by a student (bully) against another student (victim) repeatedly. It includes physical and verbal abuse, social exclusion, and cyberbullying. Victims miss school more often and have a higher risk for somatic symptoms, anxiety, depression, and suicide. Although the Adolescent Peer Relations Instrument (APRI) is a bullying screening questionnaire (19 items) validated in Spain in 2016, there was no validated instrument available in Argentina. OBJECTIVE: To obtain a short version adapted to Argentine Spanish of the APRI. POPULATION AND METHOD: The APRI, a questionnaire to screen for bullying among adolescents, was cross-culturally adapted to Argentine Spanish language and then questionnaire items were reduced by a mathematical process (exploratory factor analysis) and a conceptual process (expert committee). Participants were adolescents aged 13-17 years who were attending secondary public schools in the city of Boulogne Sur Mer, San Isidro, province of Buenos Aires. RESULTS: A short questionnaire version made up of 14 items divided into 2 dimensions (physical abuse and social and verbal victimization) was obtained. CONCLUSIONS: The resulting short questionnaire is semantically equivalent to the original version and also has adequate apparent and content validity.

Introducción. El acoso escolar (bullying) comprende conductas de intimidación, hostigamiento y acoso físico o psicológico ejercidas intencionalmente por un escolar (acosador) contra otro (víctima) en forma reiterada. Incluye el maltrato físico y verbal, la exclusión social y el ciberacoso (ciberbullying). Las víctimas incrementan el ausentismo escolar y tienen más riesgo de desarrollar síntomas somáticos, ansiedad, depresión y suicidio. Si bien el cuestionario Adolescent Peer Relations Instrument (APRI) para la pesquisa de acoso escolar (19 ítems) fue validado en España en 2016, no se contaba con una herramienta validada en Argentina. Objetivo. Obtener una versión abreviada adaptada al español hablado en Argentina del cuestionario APRI. Población y método. Se realizó una adaptación transcultural al español hablado en Argentina del cuestionario APRI para la pesquisa de acoso escolar en adolescentes y, posteriormente, la reducción de ítems mediante un proceso matemático (análisis factorial exploratorio) y conceptual (comité de expertos). Participaron adolescentes de 13 a 17 años que cursaban estudios secundarios en dos escuelas estatales de la localidad Boulogne Sur Mer en San Isidro, provincia de Buenos Aires. Resultados. Se obtuvo una versión abreviada del cuestionario, conformada por 14 ítems divididos en dos dominios: maltrato físico y victimización verbal y social. Conclusiones. El cuestionario abreviado obtenido tiene equivalencia semántica con la versión original y cuenta, además, con una adecuada validez aparente y de contenido. Palabras clave: acoso escolar, encuestas y cuestionarios, adolescente, Adolescent Peer Relations Instrument.

[Hydroxychloroquine to obtain pregnancy without adverse obstetrical events in primary antiphospholipid syndrome: French phase II multicenter randomized trial, HYDROSAPL]. / Évaluation du bénéfice de l'utilisation d'hydroxychloroquine pour l'obtention d'une grossesse à terme non compliquée en cas de syndrome des antiphospholipides primaire : étude de phase II multicentrique randomisée en double insu versus placebo, HYDROSAPL.

Antiphospholipid syndrome is defined by the presence of thrombosis and/or obstetrical adverse events (≥3 recurrent early miscarriage or fetal death or a prematurity<34 weeks of gestation) associated with persistent antiphospholipid antibodies. The pregnancy outcome has been improved by the conventional treatment (aspirin 100mg/day with low molecular weight heparin [LMWH] from 30 to 75% of uncomplicated pregnancies. In PROMISSE study, 19% of pregnancies had at least one obstetrical adverse event despite treatment (maternal, fetal or neonatal complications) in relation with APS. In the European registry of babies born from APS mothers, maternal and foetal adverse events were observed in 13% of cases, with prematurity in 14% despite treatment. The presence of lupus erythematosus, a history of thrombosis, presence of lupus anticoagulant and APL triple positivity are considered as factors associated with unfavorable obstetrical outcome. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic properties. Studies in vitro have shown that HCQ is able to restore the placental expression of Annexin V, which has an anticoagulant effect and to prevent the placental injury induced by APL. HCQ used for lupus erythematosus decrease the thrombotic risk and its value for thrombotic APS has been raised in an open labelled French study. In European retrospective study, the addition of HCQ to conventional treatment improved refractory obstetrical APS. Its use during the pregnancy of patients with lupus erythematosus, the evidence of good safety during the pregnancy and follow-up of children born to mothers exposed to HCQ demonstrate an overall good safety profile for mothers and the fetus. This clinical trial is designed to assess the interest of the addition of hydroxychloroquine to conventional treatment in APS during the pregnancy.

Maternal and neonatal outcomes in women with colorectal endometriosis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate delivery and neonatal outcomes in women with resected or in situ bowel endometriosis. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: France. POPULATION AND SAMPLE: Analysis of 72 pregnancies from 67 women followed for colorectal endometriosis from 2001 to 2014 in six centres including two university expert centres for endometriosis. METHODS: Univariate analysis of maternal and neonatal outcomes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Routes for delivery and rate of complications. RESULTS: The colorectal surgery group comprised 41 women and the in situ colorectal group, 26 women. Overall, half of the women underwent caesarean section. A high incidence of postoperative complications (39%) was observed after caesarean section with no difference between the groups. Surgical difficulties at newborn extraction (22%) and postoperative complications (39%) occurred more often in women with anterior deep infiltrating endometriosis (respectively 63 versus 11%, P = 0.007 and 67% versus 26%, P = 0.046) independently of prior surgery for endometriosis. In the remaining half, vaginal delivery required an operative procedure in 28% of the women with a significant increase in postpartum complications compared with those who did not require a procedure (P = 0.001). Overall, the incidence of postpartum complications was lower after vaginal delivery (14%) than after caesarean section (39%) (P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Pregnant women with colorectal endometriosis, irrespective of prior surgery, should be informed of the high risk of delivery by caesarean section. Vaginal delivery is preferrable in this setting because of the lower incidence of postpartum complications. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: Due to the incidence of postpartum complications whatever the route of delivery, women should receive level III maternal care.

[Chronic histiocytic intervillositis: Diagnosis and management]. / Intervillites chroniques histiocytaires : bilan et prise en charge.

Chronic intervillositis is a rare condition, which is associated with severe obstetrical outcome and high recurrence rate. Obstetrical adverse events are intrauterine growth restriction, recurrent early miscarriages, intrauterine deaths and prematurity by placental insufficiency. The determination of the extension and the intensity of the chronic intervillositis are not currently standardized. High rates of recurrence have been described, but actually there is no reliable predictive biomarker. No treatment is currently validated, but the use of immunomodulatory drugs could be justified by the possible autoimmune or allo-immune origin. The treatment should be particularly discussed in patients with recurrent and severe obstetrical adverse events and in the presence of severe and massive histological lesions.

[Obstetrical APS: Is there a place for additional treatment to aspirin-heparin combination?] / Le syndrome des antiphospholipides obstétrical : quelle est la place d'un traitement complémentaire à la combinaison aspirine et héparine ?

Obstetrical APS is defined by thrombosis and/or obstetrical morbidity associated with persistent antiphospholipid antibodies. The aspirin and low molecular weighted heparin combination dramatically improved obstetrical outcome in APS patients. Several factors could be associated with obstetrical prognosis, as previous history of thrombosis, associated SLE, the presence of lupus anticoagulant and triple positivity of antiphospholipid antibodies. Obstetrical APS with isolated recurrent miscarriages is mostly associated with isolated anticardiolipids antibodies and have better obstetrical outcome. The pregnancy loss despite aspirin and heparin combination define the refractory obstetrical APS, and the prevalence could be estimated to 20-39%. Several other treatments have been used in small and open labeled studies, as steroids, intravenous immunoglobulins, plasma exchanges and hydroxychloroquine to improve the obstetrical outcome. Some other drugs as eculizumab and statins could also have physiopathological rational, but studies are necessary to define the place of these various drugs.

[Unexplained recurrent early miscarriages: Role of immunomodulation?] / Fausses couches précoces récurrentes inexpliquées : quelle est la place de l'immunomodulation ?

About 1-3% of women experience early recurrent miscarriages, defined by ≥3 fetal loss before 14 weeks of gestation. About half of these recurrent early miscarriages could be related to a genetic cause. Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis is used in several European countries, but it is still prohibited in France except for couples at risk for transmission of severe genetic diseases. The immune dysregulation, and in particular allo-immune excessive response, could be responsible for fetal loss in remaining cases, although currently we lack biomarker to confirm the immune-mediated fetal loss. Several immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory treatments have been the subject of small studies in patients with early recurrent miscarriages. The available data do not allow to define the treatment recommendations in this topic, and further studies are necessary.