RESUMEN
The growing frequency of antibiotic resistances is now a universal problem. Increasing resistance to new generations of ß-lactam and quinolone antibiotics in multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates is considered an emergency health issue worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes in ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolated from urinary tract infections (UTIs). In our study ESBL-producing isolates were assessed by screening methods. After determination of antimicrobial susceptibility testing, detection of ESBLs and quinolone resistance genes was performed. A total of 97 ESBL-producing E. coli were determined. The bla-TEM, bla-SHV and bla-CTX-M genes were detected in 90 isolates. The bla-TEM was the most frequently detected gene (46.4%), followed by bla-SHV (31.9%) and bla-CTX-M (14.4%). The most prevalent quinolone resistance gene among ESBL-producing isolates was oqxAB which was found in 67 isolates (69.1%). The frequencies of the aac(6')-Ib-cr, qnr and qepA were 65 (67%), 8 (8.2%) and 6 (6.2%), respectively. Our data indicate that the prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes in ESBL-positive isolates is increasing. The co-dissemination of PMQR and ESBL genes among E. coli isolates can be considered a threat to public health. Therefore, prescription of antibiotics against infectious disease should be managed carefully.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/complicaciones , Escherichia coli/genética , Quinolonas , Infecciones Urinarias/microbiología , Resistencia betalactámica/genética , beta-Lactamasas/genética , beta-Lactamas , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Estudios Transversales , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple/genética , Escherichia coli/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/epidemiología , Genotipo , Hospitales/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Pacientes Internos/estadística & datos numéricos , Irán/epidemiología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Pacientes Ambulatorios/estadística & datos numéricos , Prevalencia , Quinolonas/farmacología , Infecciones Urinarias/epidemiología , beta-Lactamasas/análisis , beta-Lactamas/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Forty-one Streptococcus agalactiae isolates collected from pregnant women at 35-37 weeks of gestation were analysed for their capsular types, antimicrobial resistance determinants, distribution of virulence factors and genetic relatedness using PCR and multiplex PCR. Capsular type III was predominant (65.8%), followed by capsular type II (14.6%), Ib (7.3%), and V(4.9%). All isolates were susceptible to penicillin, vancomycin, linezolid and quinupristin-dalfopristin. Resistance to tetracycline, erythromycin and clindamycin were found in 97.6%, 24.4%, and 14.6% of isolates, respectively. The most common antimicrobial resistance gene was tetM found in 97.6% of the isolates followed by ermTR and ermB found in 12% and 7.3% of isolates, respectively. The most common virulence gene was hly (100%), followed by scpB (97.6%), bca (97.6%), rib (53.65%) and bac (4.9%). The insertion sequence IS1548 was found in 63.4% of isolates. By multi locus variable number of tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) typing, 30 different allelic profiles or MLVA types (MTs) were identified. The most frequent was the MT1 (5/41, 12.2%) and followed by MT2 (4/41, 9.75%). Our data revealed that population structure of these isolates is highly diverse and indicates different MLVA types.
