RESUMEN
Metabolic disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance and other components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) are connected with birth weight. Low and high birth weight is associated with a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus, the mechanism is not clear. In this study, we evaluated the association between birth weight and anthropometric as well as biochemical components of MetS in women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in comparison with control women. In part of the GDM group, we re-evaluated metabolic changes over 5-8 years. Anthropometry, blood pressure, glucose metabolism during the 3-h oGTT, lipid profile, uric acid, thyroid hormones, and liver enzymes were assessed. From the analyzed components of MetS in adult women we proved the association of low birth weight (birth weight <25th percentile) with glucose processing, in particular among women with a history of GDM. Low birth weight GDM women revealed significantly higher postchallenge insulin secretion and lower peripheral insulin sensitivity. Re-examinations indicate this association persists long after delivery.
Asunto(s)
Peso al Nacer/fisiología , Diabetes Gestacional/diagnóstico , Diabetes Gestacional/metabolismo , Recién Nacido de Bajo Peso/metabolismo , Síndrome Metabólico/diagnóstico , Síndrome Metabólico/metabolismo , Adulto , Estudios de Cohortes , Diabetes Gestacional/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Síndrome Metabólico/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Embarazo , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Bariatric surgery is the most effective method in the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different types of bariatric procedures on remission of T2DM and on the fatty acid composition in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Patients included obese diabetic women who underwent bariatric surgery: biliopancreatic diversion (BPD), n=8, laparoscopic gastric banding (LAGB), n=9 or laparoscopic greater curvature plication (LGCP), n=12. Anthropometric characteristics and fatty acid composition of adipose tissue (FA AT) were analyzed before surgery, then 6 months and 2 years after surgery. FA AT was analyzed by gas chromatography. Diabetes remission was estimated. BPD was most efficient in inducing a remission of diabetes (p=0.004). Significantly higher increases in lauric (12:0), myristoleic (14:1n-5) and palmitoleic (16:1n-7) acids and delta-9 desaturase were found two years after BPD, suggesting higher lipogenesis in adipose tissue. Docosatetraenoic acid (22:4n-6) increased significantly after BPD, while docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3) decreased 6 months after BPD and increased after 2 years. No changes were found after LAGB and LGCP after 2 years. Bariatric surgery led to significant changes in the fatty acid composition of subcutaneous adipose tissue in severely obese diabetic women after six months and two years, and was partly influenced by the type of surgery used.
Asunto(s)
Tejido Adiposo/metabolismo , Cirugía Bariátrica/tendencias , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangre , Ácidos Grasos/sangre , Obesidad Mórbida/sangre , Triglicéridos/sangre , Adulto , Anciano , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/cirugía , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Obesidad Mórbida/epidemiología , Obesidad Mórbida/cirugíaRESUMEN
The cyclical effects of hormones during the menstrual cycle (MC) are not just responsible for driving ovulation, but also have significant influence on dietary intake and appetite, as well as psychological and behavioral changes. The aim of our study was to describe changes and relationships between the MC and selected steroids, adipokines and food intake-related hormones. Twenty-seven women with regular menstrual cycles were included in the study, and their hormonal spectrum was measured in regular intervals starting from the first day of their cycle. Classical changes in gonadotropins, estrogens and progesterone during the menstrual cycle are accompanied by less striking but significant changes in 17-hydroxyprogesterone and testosterone. No significant changes show dehydroepiandrosterone and its 7-oxygenated metabolites. Adipokines show a tendency to increase during ovulation, while ghrelin and resistin decrease. There is also a remarkable association of sex hormone-binding globulin on the day of the cycle. Our results demonstrate that changes to adipokines during the menstrual cycle are not substantial, but nonetheless can play a role in the changes of food intake described in the literature. Precise descriptions of physiological changes in healthy women are important in helping us understand the significance of the changes accompanying various pathological states.
Asunto(s)
Adipoquinas/sangre , Deshidroepiandrosterona/sangre , Hormonas Esteroides Gonadales/sangre , Hidrocortisona/sangre , Ciclo Menstrual/sangre , Adulto , Femenino , HumanosRESUMEN
First intron variability of the fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO) has strong impact on adiposity. We focused on lean women carrying the most "obesity-risk" haplotype to study their anthropometric parameters and hormonal and metabolic profile. Genotype-phenotype correlation was performed in a group of 172 lean women (body mass index (BMI) >/=18.5 and 25 kg/m(2); age 26.8+/-7.26 years), 77 of them used hormonal contraceptives. Even in lean women the association of the risk haplotype CAGA with BMI was confirmed but it did not influence the anthropometric indices of body composition. CAGA carriers compared to non-carriers had significantly higher both fasting (p=0.016) and post glucose load (p<0.001) levels of growth hormone (GH), significantly higher glucose, insulin and C-peptide levels in the late phase of oGTT and lower fasting concentration of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. Administration of hormonal contraceptives further increased observed hormonal and metabolic effects in CAGA carriers. We conclude that higher levels of GH in lean women carrying the FTO "obesity risk" haplotype could protect them from the development of obesity. The relation between the FTO gene variability and GH secretion has to be elucidated. This is the first study demonstrating the interaction of FTO genotype with hormonal contraception.
Asunto(s)
Variación Genética/genética , Glucosa/metabolismo , Hormona de Crecimiento Humana/sangre , Metabolismo de los Lípidos/fisiología , Proteínas/genética , Delgadez/sangre , Delgadez/genética , Adiposidad/fisiología , Adulto , Dioxigenasa FTO Dependiente de Alfa-Cetoglutarato , Índice de Masa Corporal , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Obesidad/sangre , Obesidad/genética , Delgadez/diagnóstico , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Although the mutations in MC4R gene became known as the most common genetic cause of human obesity, the effect of rs12970134 A/G near MC4R gene on insulin resistance has been described. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of rs12970134 on obesity, hormone levels, and glucose metabolism in a cohort of women varying in glucose tolerance: 850 normoglycemic women, 423 diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), 402 gestational diabetics (GDM), and 250 type 2 diabetic (T2D) women. We did not confirm the explicit effect of rs12970134 on obesity. However, the influence of the A-allele on body adiposity index was observed in a cohort of women diagnosed with PCOS. In normoglycemic women, the A-allele carriership was associated with lower fasting levels of glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and index of insulin resistance. Furthermore, higher levels of growth hormone, leptin and SHBG, and lower levels of fT3, testosterone, and androstenedione were recorded in normoglycemic A-allele carriers. In conclusion, the study presents the evidence of the impact of rs12970134 on complex hypothalamic regulations.
Asunto(s)
Variación Genética/genética , Obesidad/sangre , Obesidad/genética , Receptor de Melanocortina Tipo 4/genética , Adulto , Estudios de Cohortes , República Checa/epidemiología , Femenino , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad/epidemiología , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad/genética , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Obesidad/epidemiología , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Genome-wide association studies have revealed several gene variants associated with obesity; however, only a few studies have further investigated their association with metabolic syndrome. We performed a study of eleven variants in/near genes TMEM18, SH2B1, KCTD15, PCSK1, BDNF, SEC16B, MC4R, and FTO in Czech adolescents and analysed their association with obesity, metabolic syndrome and related traits. Genotyping was performed in 1,443 adolescents aged 13.0-17.9 years. Anthropometric parameters, biochemical parameters and blood pressure were assessed. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation. The FTO rs9939609 variant was associated with overweight/obesity (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.21-1.63, P < 0.001). The minor allele of TMEM18 rs7561317 was related to underweight (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.14-2.79, P = 0.015). BDNF rs925946 and MC4R rs17782313 were associated with metabolic syndrome (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.14-2.04, P = 0.005; 1.51, 95% CI 1.12-2.04, P = 0.009). The PCSK1 rs6235 variant was negatively related to increased blood glucose (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.49-0.97, P = 0.040). In conclusion, the FTO variant was associated with overweight/obesity in Czech adolescents. Moreover, MC4R and BDNF variants increased the risk of metabolic syndrome, probably through their effect on abdominal obesity. The PCSK1 variant may have a protective role in the development of type 2 diabetes.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome Metabólico/genética , Obesidad/genética , Adiposidad/genética , Adolescente , Antropometría , Glucemia/análisis , Péptido C/análisis , Estudios de Cohortes , República Checa/epidemiología , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Genotipo , Humanos , Insulina/sangre , Lípidos/sangre , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólico/sangre , Síndrome Metabólico/epidemiología , Obesidad/sangre , Obesidad/epidemiología , Sobrepeso/epidemiología , Sobrepeso/genética , Delgadez/epidemiología , Delgadez/genéticaRESUMEN
The association of transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene variants with the pathogenesis of T2D, gestational diabetes and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was examined. The study involved 1460 individuals: 347 T2D patients (D); 261 gestational diabetics (G); 147 offspring of T2D (O); 329 women with PCOS, and 376 controls (C). The SNPs: rs7901695; rs7903146; rs12255372 in the TCF7L2 gene were genotyped. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters, oGTT derived indices were assessed. In addition, free fatty acids (FFAs) were evaluated in 183 non-diabetic women. The CTT haplotype showed the strongest association with T2D with OR 1.57, p=0.0003. The frequency of the CTT/CTT haplotype was decreasing in following order: D 10.6, O 9.5, G 6.1, C 5.3 and PCOS 4.9 [%]. Among CTT carriers, significantly decreased levels of oGTT-stimulated insulin and C-peptide as well as proportions of fasting PUFAs were observed. The carriership of CTG/TCG was associated with gestational diabetes, OR 2.59, p=0.036. The association of TCF7L2 haplotypes with T2D and gestational diabetes but not with PCOS was confirmed. Novel association of TCF7L2 with FFAs composition was found.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Ácidos Grasos no Esterificados/sangre , Haplotipos , Proteína 2 Similar al Factor de Transcripción 7/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Análisis de Varianza , Biomarcadores/sangre , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , República Checa/epidemiología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiología , Diabetes Gestacional/sangre , Diabetes Gestacional/epidemiología , Diabetes Gestacional/genética , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oportunidad Relativa , Fenotipo , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/sangre , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/epidemiología , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Embarazo , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Presented case reports illustrate clinical manifestations of two women with polycystic ovary syndrome who had extremely low serum SHBG levels (Sex Hormone Binding Globulin) due to homozygote carriership of the rare Pro156Leu SHBG polymorphism.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Globulina de Unión a Hormona Sexual/genética , Adulto , Femenino , Homocigoto , Humanos , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/sangre , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/diagnóstico , Globulina de Unión a Hormona Sexual/análisis , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Birth weight is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and other late-onset metabolic diseases. Reduced birth weight is associated with an increased risk of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Also high birth weight represents risk factor for development of type 2 diabetes later in life. In this study, we investigate whether type 2 diabetes risk-confering alleles and biochemical as well as anthropometrical type 2 diabetes risk markers associate with birth weight in our Czech cohort. RESULTS: Association between high birth weight and higher BMI in adulthood was found. Low birth weight was associated with higher glycaemia and insulinaemia as well as lower peripheral insulin sensitivity during oGTT. The examination of candidate genes provides evidence that Ngn3 and PPARalpha are involved in final birth weight regulation. CONCLUSION: According to our results, we suggest that birth weight should be an integral part of medical history record.