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J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg ; 166(6): 1695-1706.e2, 2023 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36868931

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Opioid-based anesthesia and analgesia is a traditional component of perioperative care for the cardiac surgery patient. Growing enthusiasm for Enhanced Recovery Programs (ERPs) coupled with evidence of potential harm associated with high-dose opioids suggests that we reconsider the role of opioids in cardiac surgery. METHODS: An interdisciplinary North American panel of experts, using a structured appraisal of the literature and a modified Delphi method, derived consensus recommendations for optimal pain management and opioid stewardship for cardiac surgery patients. Individual recommendations are graded based on the strength and level of evidence. RESULTS: The panel addressed 4 main topics: the harms associated with historical opioid use, the benefits of more targeted opioid administration, the use of nonopioid medications and techniques, and patient and provider education. A key principle that emerged is that opioid stewardship should apply to all cardiac surgery patients, entailing judicious and targeted use of opioids to achieve optimal analgesia with the fewest potential side effects. The process resulted in the promulgation of 6 recommendations regarding pain management and opioid stewardship in cardiac surgery, focused on avoiding the use of high-dose opioids, as well as encouraging more widespread application of foundational aspects of ERPs, such as the use of multimodal nonopioid medications and regional anesthesia techniques, formal patient and provider education, and structured system-level opioid prescription practices. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the available literature and expert consensus, there is an opportunity to optimize anesthesia and analgesia for cardiac surgery patients. Although additional research is needed to establish specific strategies, core principles of pain management and opioid stewardship apply to the cardiac surgery population.


Asunto(s)
Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardíacos , Recuperación Mejorada Después de la Cirugía , Humanos , Adulto , Analgésicos Opioides/efectos adversos , Manejo del Dolor/efectos adversos , Manejo del Dolor/métodos , Consenso , Dolor Postoperatorio/diagnóstico , Dolor Postoperatorio/tratamiento farmacológico , Dolor Postoperatorio/etiología , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardíacos/efectos adversos
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