Efectividad de la vacuna antigripal para prevenir casos graves de gripe. Temporada 2022/2023 / Effectiveness of influenza vaccine in preventing severe cases of influenza: Season 2022/2023

Introducción: La gripe supone una importante carga en términos de morbimortalidad, siendo la vacunación una de las medidas más efectivas para su prevención. Por lo que el objetivo de este estudio es conocer la efectividad de la vacuna antigripal para prevenir casos de gripe grave en los pacientes ingresados en un hospital de tercer nivel durante la temporada 2022/23. Metodología: Estudio de casos y controles. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes hospitalizados con resultado positivo en una RT-PCR de gripe. Se consideró caso a aquellos que cumplieron criterio de caso grave (neumonía, sepsis, fallo multiorgánico, ingreso en la UCI o exitus). Quienes no los cumplían se consideraron controles. Se calculó la efectividad vacunal (EV) para prevenir los casos graves y su intervalo de confianza al 95%. Resultados: Un total de 403 pacientes ingresaron con gripe confirmada. Noventa y ocho (24,3%) de ellos desarrollaron gripe grave. Del total, el 50,6% fueron varones y el 47,1% fueron mayores de 65 años. La EV ajustada por tipo de gripe, edad y ciertas comorbilidades fue del 40,6% (−21,9-71,1). En un análisis segmentado, la vacuna de la gripe resultó efectiva para la prevención de los casos graves en todas las categorías. Resultó especialmente relevante en el grupo de 65 años o más (EVa=60,9%; −2,0-85,0) y en los pacientes con gripe A (EVa=56,7%; 1,5-80,9). Conclusiones: La vacunación antigripal redujo notablemente la aparición de casos graves de gripe en los pacientes hospitalizados, por tanto, sigue siendo la principal estrategia para reducir la morbimortalidad y los costes asociados.(AU)

Introduction: Influenza poses a significant burden in terms of morbidity and mortality, with vaccination being one of the most effective measures for its prevention. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the influenza vaccine in preventing cases of severe influenza in patients admitted to a tertiary hospital during the 2022/23 season. Methods: Case-control study. All hospitalised patients with a positive result in an RT-PCR for influenza were included. Those who met the criteria for a severe case (pneumonia, sepsis, multi-organ failure, admission to ICU or exitus) were considered cases. Those who did not meet these criteria were considered controls. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) to prevent severe cases and its 95% confidence interval were calculated. Results: A total of 403 patients were admitted with confirmed influenza. Of these, 98 (24.3%) developed severe influenza. Of the total, 50.6% were men and 47.1% were over 65 years of age. VE adjusted for influenza type, age and certain comorbidities was 40.6% (−21.9 to 71.1). In a segmented analysis, influenza vaccine was effective in preventing severe cases in all categories. It was particularly relevant in the 65+ age group (VEa=60.9%; −2.0 to 85.0) and in patients with influenza A (VEa=56.7%; 1.580.9). Conclusion: Influenza vaccination markedly reduced the occurrence of severe cases of influenza in hospitalised patients, therefore, it remains the main strategy to reduce morbidity and mortality and associated costs.(AU)

Effectiveness of influenza vaccine in preventing severe cases of influenza: Season 2022/2023.

INTRODUCTION: Influenza poses a significant burden in terms of morbidity and mortality, with vaccination being one of the most effective measures for its prevention. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the influenza vaccine in preventing cases of severe influenza in patients admitted to a tertiary hospital during the 2022/23 season. METHODS: Case-control study. All hospitalised patients with a positive result in an RT-PCR for influenza were included. Those who met the criteria for a severe case (pneumonia, sepsis, multi-organ failure, admission to ICU or exitus) were considered cases. Those who did not meet these criteria were considered controls. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) to prevent severe cases and its 95% confidence interval were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 403 patients were admitted with confirmed influenza. Of these, 98 (24.3%) developed severe influenza. Of the total, 50.6% were men and 47.1% were over 65 years of age. VE adjusted for influenza type, age and certain comorbidities was 40.6% (-21.9 to 71.1). In a segmented analysis, influenza vaccine was effective in preventing severe cases in all categories. It was particularly relevant in the 65+ age group (VEa = 60.9%; -2.0 to 85.0) and in patients with influenza A (VEa = 56.7%; 1.5-80.9). CONCLUSION: Influenza vaccination markedly reduced the occurrence of severe cases of influenza in hospitalised patients, therefore, it remains the main strategy to reduce morbidity and mortality and associated costs.

Expanding Outcomes in Cancer Screening Safety Net Programs: Promoting Sustainability and Policy Reform.

Community-engaged patient navigation safety net programs are established as an evidence-based approach to address cancer prevention and early detection efforts, but barriers to expand and sustain such programs persist. In addition, few studies describe how these programs impact buy-in among communities and policy change within health care systems and government. We describe how we used the Capacity for Sustainability Framework to guide efforts for program sustainability and community, institutional, and policy level change in a breast cancer screening and patient navigation safety net program. The nine domains of the Capacity for Sustainability Framework were used to develop program logic models, to inform program implementation and quality improvement agendas, and to guide multi-level partner and stakeholder engagement, outreach, and dissemination of outcomes. The program is currently in its seventh year and continues to be annually funded by a city public health department. In 2021, additional 5-year renewable funding from a state public health department was secured. In addition, institutional program support was expanded for patients diagnosed with breast cancer. Program leaders worked with policymakers to draft legislation to support training certification and third-payor reimbursement for patient navigators and community health workers. The program is well-known and trusted among community members, community-based organizations, and providers. Community, organizational, and policy-level outcomes demonstrate that community-engaged patient navigation safety net programs can influence more than individual and interpersonal outcomes and can be sustained over time.

Novel saccharinate-bridged palladium complexes for efficient C-O bond activation displaying promising luminescence properties.

The synthesis of mono- and dinuclear cyclometallated palladium(II) complexes with deprotonated saccharinate ligands displaying different coordination modes is described. The new compounds were prepared by direct reaction between saccharine and the corresponding hydroxo-complexes [{Pd(µ-OH)(C^N)}(2)] (C^N = 2-(2-pyridyl)phenyl (Phpy) I; = 7,8-benzoquinolyl (Bzq) II), showing a general formula [{Pd(µ-sac)(C^N)}(2)] with saccharinate 1 displaying a bridging -NCO-coordination mode. Bridge splitting with neutral ligands (L = pyridine (py) 2, quinoline (quinol) 3 or acridine (acrid) 4) yielded new mononuclear derivatives with saccharinate acting as an N-monodentated ligand. Structural characterization by X-ray diffraction of complexes I1, I2 and II2 confirmed the proposed formulae. All complexes emit in the solution and solid state at room temperature. Emission features between 640-680 nm in the solid state for complexes I1 and II1 are significantly red-shifted if compared to the emission in solution. These broad emissions are consistent with the simultaneous presence of (3)ππ* and (3)MMLCT transitions indicating the existence of a strong intramolecular Pd-Pd ground state interaction. The dimeric complexes have also shown to catalyze Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of coumaryl tosylate and aryl boronic acids under phosphine-free conditions. Initial studies suggest the involvement of palladium nanoparticles, which has been further investigated using mercury-drop test and poisoning experiments.

Synthesis and luminescence properties of cyclopalladated complexes with S

The direct reaction between the hydroxo-complexes [{Pd(µ-OH)(C^N)}(2)] and protonated S^N-donor ligands to yield new dinuclear cyclometallated palladium(ii) complexes containing -NCS- bridging heterocyclic thionates of general formula [{Pd(µ-N^S)(C^N)}(2)] (C^N = 2-(2-pyridyl)phenyl (Phpy) I; = 7,8-benzoquinolyl (Bzq) II; N^S = pyrimidine-2-thionate (Spym) 1, benzoimidazolidine-2-thionate (Sbimid) 2, 1-methylimidazoline-2 thionate (Smeimid) 3) is described. The related mononuclear complexes [Pd(N^S)(C^N)] N^S = 2-aminothiophenolate (Atph) 4) were prepared in a similar way. Photophysical properties were investigated together with those of complexes with related ligands pyridin-2-thionate (Spy) 5 and pyrrole-2-carboxaldehydate (2-pcal) 6. All the compounds absorb intensely below 300 nm via(1)LC transitions located in Bzq or Phpy ligands, and display additional low energy absorptions of mixed (1)MLCT-(1)LC character. In the solid state diffuse reflectance UV-vis spectra, the differences are notable for dinuclear complexes. The complexes under study are quite unusual in terms of luminescence behaviour, since most of them are emissive in solution at room temperature and all display intense emissions in frozen CHCl(3) solution, but also in the solid state at 298 and 77 K. Emission quantum yields are in the range 2.52-0.14%, similar to that of related complexes. Structural characterisation by X-ray diffraction of complexes II3 and II6 confirmed the proposed formula.

Luminescence of five-coordinated nickel(ii) complexes with substituted-8-hydroxyquinolines and macrocyclic ligands.

A series of heteroleptic quinolinolate pentacoordinated nickel(ii) complexes, [Ni(mcN(3))(R(1),R(2),R(3)-8-hq)](PF(6)), were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies for [(Me(3)-mcN(3))Ni(N,O-2-CN-8-hq)][PF(6)] (6a), [(Me(4)-mcN(3))Ni(N,O-8-hq)][PF(6)] (2b) and [(Me(4)-mcN(3))Ni(N,O-5,7-I(2)-8-hq)][PF(6)] (5b) indicate that these complexes consist of a square-pyramidal ligand arrangement containing one chelating quinolinolate and one macrocyclic ligand (mcN(3)). Variation of the substituents on quinolinolate ligands imposes obvious electronic or structural effects on the nickel atom. These chromophores absorb moderately in the visible region and emit in the yellowish-green spectral region from a quinolinolate-centered intraligand charge-transfer excited state. The emission maxima are in the range 520-548 nm, with quantum yields between 0.11 and 1.63%, in deoxygenated organic solvents at room temperature. TD-DFT calculations allow exploration of the photophysical properties of complex [(Me(4)-mcN(3))Ni(N,O-8-hq)][PF(6)] and reveal the influence of the quinolinolate ligand on the HOMO/LUMO energies and oscillator strengths.

Mono- and bidentate imidates of five-coordinate nickel(II) with macrocyclic ligands: spectroscopic and photophysical properties.

The hydroxo-complexes [Ni(2)(mcN(3))(2)(mu-OH)](2)(PF(6))(2)] [mcN(3) = 2,4,4-trimethyl-1,5,9-triazacyclododec-1-ene (Me(3)-mcN(3)) or 2,4,4,9-tetramethyl-1,5,9-triazacyclododec-1-ene (Me(4)-mcN(3))] react with imides (Him) in 1 : 2 (succinimide, glutarimide, saccharine and 1,8-naphthalimide) or 1 : 1 (pyromellitic diimide) molar ratio, leading to the formation of the imidate complexes: [Ni(mcN(3))(H(2)O)(Im)](+) (Im = succi, gluti, sac), [Ni(mcN(3))(naphthi)](+) and [Ni(mcN(3))(H(2)O)](2)(mu-pyrdi)](2+). The single crystal structures of [Ni(Me(3)-mcN(3))(H(2)O)(sac)](PF(6)) (3a) and [Ni(Me(4)-mcN(3))(H(2)O)(sac)](sac) (3b) show that, in 3a, sac exhibits a N-monodentate coordination mode, while in 3b the coordination is through oxygen. X-Ray structure of [Ni(Me(4)-mcN(3))(naphthi)](PF(6)) (4b) shows N,O-bonded 1,8-naphthalimidate ligand. The VT (1)H NMR study, carried out on this complex, suggests that the rotation around the Ni-N bond is hindered by ca. 11.6 kcal mol(-1). These species exhibit blue luminescence which arises from a mixed MLCT and LC excited state, and these properties may be useful for structural predictions in the solid state of complexes for which crystal structures have not been established.