Effects of Medetomidine-Butorphanol and Medetomidine-Buprenorphine on Oxidative Stress and Vital Parameters in Dogs Undergoing Ovariohysterectomy.

Oxidative stress (OS) is caused by an imbalance between the production of oxygen-containing free radicals and their elimination. General anesthesia increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and therefore causes oxidative stress. Our objective was to determine the effects of medetomidine-butorphanol (MEDBUT) and medetomidine-buprenorphine (MEDBUP) on oxidative stress and cardiorespiratory parameters in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy (OHE). Ten healthy female dogs were randomly assigned to two groups: the MEDBUT group (n = 5) received medetomidine and butorphanol, while the MEDBUP group (n = 5) received medetomidine and buprenorphine. OS was evaluated by measuring total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) during five different time points (from the administration of anesthetic drugs to 2 h after surgery). The observed vital cardiorespiratory parameters included heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (fR), noninvasive systolic (SAP) and diastolic (DAP) arterial blood pressures, oxygen saturation (SpO2), end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2), and body temperature (BT). Cardiorespiratory parameters were altered at a significantly greater degree in animals sedated with MEDBUT (p < 0.05). The administration of medetomidine-butorphanol was more likely to increase OS parameters, while medetomidine-buprenorphine showed decreased levels of oxidative stress throughout the study.

The Single Intra-Articular Injection of Platelet-Rich Plasma vs. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs as Treatment Options for Canine Cruciate Ligament Rupture and Patellar Luxation.

Cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR) and patellar luxation (PL) are common pathologies affecting canines. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used as a non-surgical treatment plan in these cases. Clinical usage of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an emerging area of interest in veterinary medicine. There is a lack of studies comparing those two different treatment methods in veterinary medicine. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the use of oral NSAIDs and single intra-articular injection of PRP on treatment outcomes in cases of canine CCLR and PL. Dogs diagnosed with CCRL (n = 12) and PL (n = 10) were subgrouped by the severity of pathologies and administered treatment: half of the CCRL and PL groups were orally administered NSAIDs and supplements for 14 days, and the other half received a single intra-articular PRP injection into affected stifle joint. We measured serum TNF-α levels and clinical outcomes (lameness scores, painfulness to manipulations, goniometry of stifle joint in flexion and extension, and muscle strength) before treatment, at day 14 and day 28 of treatment. The results of TNF-α concentration indicates a significant difference between groups of differently treated partial CCLR groups on d14 (p = 0.006). Results of group CCLR-P1 on d14 were decreased, while results of group CCLR-P2 on d14 were increased. When comparing TNF-α concentration between all CCLR cases treated with NSAIDs and treated with PRP, there was a significant difference between those groups on d14 (p = 0.001). The results of TNF-α concentration indicates a significant difference between groups of differently treated PL-III on d28 (p = 0.036). Results of group PL-III1 indicate growth of TNF-α concentration, while at the same d28, results of group PL-III2 indicate decreased levels of cytokine, comparing results between the subgroups at the same time point and within subgroups from baseline. Results indicate a significant difference in muscle strength between group CCLR-P1 and group CCLR-P2 on d28 (p = 0.007), indicating an increment in muscle strength in group CCLR-P1 up to d14 and its reduction up to d28, and muscle strength of group CCLR-P2 increasing up to d28. When comparing the muscle strength between all CCLR cases treated with NSAIDs and treated with PRP, there was a significant difference between those groups on d28 (p = 0.007). In conclusion, a single intra-articular injection of PRP has a superior effect on management of inflammatory processes, has better clinical outcomes, and longer duration of action than oral NSAIDs, in the treatment of canine CCRL or PL.

Successful early diagnosis and surgical treatment of congenital caval foramen hernia in an 8-month-old mixed breed cat.

An 8-month-old neutered female domestic mixed breed cat was presented to Dr. L. Kriauceliunas Small Animal Clinic due to coughing that persisted for 2 weeks. Lateral and dorsoventral chest radiographs revealed an unusual dome-shaped soft tissue opacity mass that had contact with the cranial part of the diaphragm. Together with heart and abdominal ultrasound findings, we decided that one of the differential diagnoses was a diaphragmatic hernia. During the diagnostic celiotomy, a vertical 4 cm in length diaphragmatic deficit was visualized. Left medial and lateral liver lobes were herniated, yet healthy-looking. Adhesions between the liver lobes and the pericardium sac were visualized and dissected. The pericardium was sutured with simple interrupted suture pattern. A herniorrhaphy was performed suturing the diaphragm with the continuous suture pattern. Successful surgical treatment resulted in fully resolved clinical symptoms.

Um gato doméstico, fêmea, castrada de oito meses de idade, sem raça definida, foi apresentada à Clínica de Pequenos Animais do Dr. L. Kriauceliunas devido a uma tosse que persistiu por duas semanas. As radiografias lateral e dorsoventral do tórax revelaram uma massa incomum de opacidade de tecidos moles em forma de cúpula que tinha contato com a parte cranial do diafragma. Juntamente com os achados da ultrassonografia abdominal e cardíaca, decidimos que um dos diagnósticos diferenciais era uma hérnia diafragmática. Durante a celiotomia diagnóstica, foi visualizado um déficit diafragmático vertical de 4 cm de comprimento. Os lobos hepáticos medial e lateral esquerdos estavam herniados, mas com aparência saudável. As aderências entre os lobos hepáticos e o saco pericárdico foram visualizadas e dissecadas. O pericárdio foi suturado com padrão de sutura interrompida simples. Foi realizada herniorrafia suturando o diafragma com o padrão de sutura contínua. O tratamento cirúrgico bem-sucedido resultou em sintomas clínicos totalmente resolvidos.

Mucopolysaccharidosis VI in a European Shorthair cat: Neurological presentation, computed tomography findings and genetic investigation.

The present case report describes the clinical signs of a 10-month-old, intact female, Domestic Shorthair cat presented with a history of chronic progressive difficulty to walk with the four limbs. The physical and neurological examinations revealed skeletal deformities, corneal opacity and a severe spastic non-ambulatory tetraparesis. Complete blood count and biochemistry profiles were unremarkable. Diffuse bone rarefaction, hyperostosis and an apparent fusion of the vertebral bodies were observed on spinal radiographs. A non-contrast computed tomography (CT) exam of the whole body of the patient was performed. Based on the medical history, clinical findings, laboratory analysis, spinal radiographs and CT findings, a lysosomal storage disorder was suspected. Genetic testing for mucopolysaccharidosis VI and VII revealed a genetic mutation, ARSB variant L476P, confirming the diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidosis type VI.

MRI abnormalities in a severe cognitive impairment mimicking a forebrain lesion in a geriatric dog.

Canine Cognitive Dysfunction is a neurological condition, that causes dogs to experience a wide variety of clinical signs. On rare occasions the symptoms may be unusual and severe, therefore they reminiscent of another disease. In this case report a 16 year and 8-month-old intact female poodle presented with circling, head pressing, and generalized ataxia. Prior clinical and neurologic examinations indicated the neurolocalisation to be forebrain. Morphometric brain parameters in MRI indicated otherwise. Quantitative MRI parameters such as the ventricle-brain index, interthalamic adhesion thickness, area, and the ratio of the interthalamic adhesion thickness to brain height may aid in the diagnosis of CCD.

A Disfunção Cognitiva Canina é uma condição neurológica, que faz com que os cães apresentem uma grande variedade de sinais clínicos. Em raras ocasiões, os sintomas podem ser incomuns e graves, portanto, lembram outras doenças. Neste relato de caso, uma cadela, da raça poodle, inteira de 16 anos e 8 meses de idade apresentou-se com movimentos circulares, pressão de cabeça e ataxia generalizada. Exames clínicos e neurológicos prévios indicaram que a neurolocalização era prosencéfalo. Os parâmetros morfométricos do cérebro na ressonância magnética indicaram o contrário. Parâmetros quantitativos de RM, como índice ventrículo-cérebro, espessura de adesão intertalâmica, área e a relação entre a espessura de adesão intertalâmica e a altura do cérebro podem auxiliar no diagnóstico de DCC.

Monopolar electrocautery use in minimally invasive urosurgery: Case report of ectopic ureter management in a bitch.

Background: Ureteral ectopy is a congenital anomaly, affecting young dogs, predominantly bitches. The main complication of the disease is urinary incontinence, which leads to low life quality for both animals and their owners. However, only two less invasive surgical management options are reported. Laser ablation is quite popular, while monopolar electrocautery use is very rare. Case Description: A 3-month and 1-week-old, 1.7 kg female Poodle was admitted to the Vetamicus clinic with severe urinary incontinence and moisture-associated dermatitis. After diagnosing intramural ectopy type during computed tomography scan and video cystoscopy, a search for surgical management options began. We proceeded with the monopolar cauterization technique, where a semirigid Karl Storz monopolar coagulating ball electrode is used to cut a mucous membrane partition between the ureter and urinary bladder. No complications occurred during or after the surgery. Ureter successfully healed and full continence was achieved together with sporadically using phenylpropanolamine syrup. Conclusion: The present case indicates that monopolar electrocautery use in intramural ectopy type management and possibly other urinary tract pathologies might be strongly beneficial.