RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Traditional surgical training and further education has historically involved long working hours and hands-on experience within the framework of a teacher-apprentice relationship; however, changes in regulatory policy in the USA and subsequently in Switzerland and the European Union from 2003, led to restrictions in the working hours of medical residents. As a result the traditional method of surgical training "see one, do one, teach one" has come under scrutiny, prompting a search for alternative training methods beyond the confines of the operating theater. OBJECTIVE: This publication highlights the possibilities and limitations associated with the use of virtual reality (VR) and gamification in surgical training and further education. It examines the ability of these technological resources to enhance the effectiveness and engagement of medical residents and the feasibility of incorporating them into the surgical training curriculum. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was based on a literature search for current developments in surgical training, VR and gamification. Furthermore, various studies and projects that investigated the use of VR and gamification in medical training and further education were analyzed. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: In this investigation it could be shown that the use of VR reduces the perioperative risks and improves the training environment and learning. The use of gamification also increases the motivation and engagement of the medical residents. As a result the quality of medical education can be improved by the fusion of VR and gamification.
RESUMEN
PURPOSE: Quality of life (QoL) is temporarily compromised after pancreatic surgery, but no evidence for a negative impact of postoperative complications on QoL has been provided thus far. Delayed gastric emptying (DGE) is one of the most common complications after pancreatic surgery and is associated with a high level of distress. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse the influence of DGE on QoL. METHODS: This single-centre retrospective study analysed QoL after partial duodenopancreatectomy (PD) via the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer core questionnaire (QLQ-C30). The QoL of patients with and without postoperative DGE was compared. RESULTS: Between 2010 and 2022, 251 patients were included, 85 of whom developed DGE (34%). Within the first postoperative year, compared to patients without DGE, those with DGE had a significantly reduced QoL, by 9.0 points (95% CI: -13.0 to -5.1, p < 0.001). Specifically, physical and psychosocial functioning (p = 0.020) decreased significantly, and patients with DGE suffered significantly more from fatigue (p = 0.010) and appetite loss (p = 0.017) than patients without DGE. After the first postoperative year, there were no significant differences in QoL or symptom scores between patients with DGE and those without DGE. CONCLUSION: Patients who developed DGE reported a significantly reduced QoL and reduced physical and psychosocial functioning within the first year after partial pancreatoduodenectomy compared to patients without DGE.